【政策報告】 2016年政府工作報告（中英對照2）
來源：中國政府網 新華網 人民網 鳳凰網 英語巴士 編輯整理：福建啟航翻譯
二、“十三五”時期主要目標任務和重大舉措
Let me now brief you on the main targets, tasks,
and measures for the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan from 2016 through 2020.
根據《中共中央關于制定國民經濟和社會發展第十三個五年規劃的建議》，國務院編制了《國民經濟和社會發展第十三個五年規劃綱要（草案）》，提交大會審查。
On the basis of the CPC Central Committee
Recommendations for the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social
Development, the State Council has drawn up the draft of the 13th Five-Year
Plan for Economic and Social Development and submitted it to this session for
your review and approval.
《綱要草案》緊緊圍繞全面建成小康社會奮斗目標，針對發展不平衡、不協調、不可持續等突出問題，強調要牢固樹立和貫徹落實創新、協調、綠色、開放、共享的發展理念，明確了今后五年經濟社會發展的主要目標任務，提出了一系列支撐發展的重大政策、重大工程和重大項目，突出了以下六個方面。
The draft, centering on
the goal of finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects
and designed to address serious issues such as unbalanced, uncoordinated, and
unsustainable development, stresses the need to promote innovative,
coordinated, green, open, and shared development. It proposes the main targets
and tasks for economic and social development over the next five years as well
as development policies, initiatives, and projects. The following are the six
areas highlighted in the draft.
——保持經濟中高速增長，推動產業邁向中高端水平。實現全面建成小康社會目標，到2020年國內生產總值和城鄉居民人均收入比2010年翻一番，“十三五”時期經濟年均增長保持在6.5%以上。加快推進產業結構優化升級，實施一批技術水平高、帶動能力強的重大工程。到2020年，先進制造業、現代服務業、戰略性新興產業比重大幅提升，全員勞動生產率從人均8.7萬元提高到12萬元以上。屆時，我國經濟總量超過90萬億元，發展的質量和效益明顯提高。在我們這樣一個人口眾多的發展中國家，這將是非常了不起的成就。
– We should work to maintain a medium-high rate of
growth and promote the development of industries toward the medium-high end.
To finish building a
moderately prosperous society in all respects and double the 2010 GDP and per
capita personal income by 2020, the economy needs to grow at an average annual
rate of at least 6.5% during this five-year period. To that end, we will move
faster to improve or upgrade the structure of industry and launch initiatives
that use advanced technologies and can drive industrial development. Our goal
is that by 2020, advanced manufacturing, modern services, and strategic
emerging industries as a proportion of GDP will have risen significantly and
that per capita labor productivity will have risen from 87,000 yuan to over
120,000 yuan. By that time, China’s aggregate economic output should have
exceeded 90 trillion yuan, and the quality and efficacy of development should
have significantly improved. For a developing country like China with such a
large population, this will be a truly remarkable achievement.
——強化創新引領作用，為發展注入強大動力。創新是引領發展的第一動力，必須擺在國家發展全局的核心位置，深入實施創新驅動發展戰略。啟動一批新的國家重大科技項目，建設一批高水平的國家科學中心和技術創新中心，培育壯大一批有國際競爭力的創新型領軍企業，建設一批全面創新改革試驗區。持續推動大眾創業、萬眾創新。促進大數據、云計算、物聯網廣泛應用。加快建設質量強國、制造強國、知識產權強國。到2020年，力爭在基礎研究、應用研究和戰略前沿領域取得重大突破，全社會研發經費投入強度達到2.5%，科技進步對經濟增長的貢獻率達到60%，邁進創新型國家和人才強國行列。
– We should ensure that innovation better drives
and energizes development.
Innovation is the primary driving force for
development and must occupy a central place in China’s development strategy,
which is why we must implement a strategy of innovation-driven development. We
should launch new national science and technology programs, build first-class
national science centers and technological innovation hubs, help develop
internationally competitive high-innovation enterprises, and establish pilot
reform zones for all-round innovation. We should make consistent efforts to
encourage the public to start businesses and make innovations. We should
promote the extensive application of big data, cloud computing, and the
Internet of Things. We need to move faster to transform China into a
manufacturer of advanced and quality products and a country that is strong on
intellectual property rights. We should strive to achieve major breakthroughs
in basic research, applied research, and research in strategic and frontier
fields by 2020. China’s investment in research and development is expected to
reach 2.5% of GDP, and the contribution of scientific and technological
advances toward economic growth should come to reach 60%. Fulfilling these
objectives will turn China into an innovative and talent-rich country.
——推進新型城鎮化和農業現代化，促進城鄉區域協調發展。縮小城鄉區域差距，既是調整經濟結構的重點，也是釋放發展潛力的關鍵。要深入推進以人為核心的新型城鎮化，實現1億左右農業轉移人口和其他常住人口在城鎮落戶，完成約1億人居住的棚戶區和城中村改造，引導約1億人在中西部地區就近城鎮化。到2020年，常住人口城鎮化率達到60%、戶籍人口城鎮化率達到45%。實施一批水利、農機、現代種業等工程，推動農業適度規模經營和區域化布局、標準化生產、社會化服務。到2020年，糧食等主要農產品供給和質量安全得到更好保障，農業現代化水平明顯提高，新農村建設取得新成效。以區域發展總體戰略為基礎，以“三大戰略”為引領，形成沿海沿江沿線經濟帶為主的縱向橫向經濟軸帶，培育一批輻射帶動力強的城市群和增長極。加強重大基礎設施建設，高鐵營業里程達到3萬公里、覆蓋80%以上的大城市，新建改建高速公路通車里程約3萬公里，實現城鄉寬帶網絡全覆蓋。
– We should make progress in new urbanization and
agricultural modernization as well as in balancing development between urban
and rural areas and between regions.
Narrowing the gap between
urban and rural areas and between regions is not only a key part of economic structural
adjustment; it is also crucial for unleashing developmental potential. We
should advance the new, people-centered urbanization. This will mean granting
urban residency to around 100 million people with rural household registration
living in urban areas and other permanent urban residents, completing the
rebuilding of both rundown areas and “villages” in cities involving about 100
million people, and enabling around 100 million rural residents to live in
local towns and cities in the central and western regions. By 2020, permanent
urban residents should account for 60% of China’s population, and 45% of the
Chinese people should be registered as permanent urban residents.
We should launch
initiatives to develop water conservancy in agriculture, farming machinery, and
the modern seed industry, encourage appropriately scaled-up agricultural
operations, and promote regional distribution, standardized production, and
commercial agricultural services. By 2020, the supply, quality, and safety of
food crops and other major agricultural products should be better ensured,
notable headway should have been made in modernizing agriculture, and fresh
progress should have been made in developing the new countryside.
Guided by the general
strategy for regional development, we should pursue the Three Initiatives to
form north-south and east-west intersecting economic belts along the coastline,
the Yangtze River, and major transportation routes, and foster new growth poles
and city clusters that facilitate the development of surrounding areas. We
should also expand major infrastructure projects, with the aim of increasing
the length of high-speed railways in service to 30,000 kilometers and linking
more than 80% of big cities in China with high-speed railways, building or
upgrading around 30,000 kilometers of expressways, and achieving full coverage
of access to broadband networks in both urban and rural areas.
——推動形成綠色生產生活方式，加快改善生態環境。堅持在發展中保護、在保護中發展，持續推進生態文明建設。深入實施大氣、水、土壤污染防治行動計劃，劃定生態空間保護紅線，推進山水林田湖生態工程，加強生態保護和修復。今后五年，單位國內生產總值用水量、能耗、二氧化碳排放量分別下降23%、15%、18%，森林覆蓋率達到23.04%，能源資源開發利用效率大幅提高，生態環境質量總體改善。特別是治理大氣霧霾取得明顯進展，地級及以上城市空氣質量優良天數比率超過80%。我們要持之以恒，建設天藍、地綠、水清的美麗中國。
– We should encourage
green ways of working and living and speed up efforts to conserve ecosystems
and the environment.
We need to protect the environment while pursuing
development and achieve development in a well-protected environment, making
sustained efforts to build a sound ecological system. We need to take serious
action to prevent and control air, water, and soil pollution, set a red line
that the country’s total area of ecological spaces should not fall below, move
forward with eco-friendly projects to protect and restore mountains, waters,
forests, and farmlands, and intensify ecological conservation and restoration
efforts. Over the next five years, we should aim to ensure that water
consumption, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP
are cut by 23%, 15%, and 18%, respectively, and that forest coverage reaches
23.04%. We should also make it our aim, within this timeframe, to develop and
use energy and resources much more efficiently and make improvements to the
quality of ecosystems and the environment. In particular, we should strive for
major progress in the control and prevention of air pollution and see to it
that the air quality of cities at and above the prefectural level is good or
excellent for 80% of the year. We must work to build, through tireless efforts,
a Beautiful China where the sky is blue, the land is green, and the water runs
clear.
——深化改革開放，構建發展新體制。發展根本上要靠改革開放。必須全面深化改革，堅持和完善基本經濟制度，建立現代產權制度，基本建成法治政府，使市場在資源配置中起決定性作用和更好發揮政府作用，加快形成引領經濟發展新常態的體制機制和發展方式。“一帶一路”建設取得重大進展，國際產能合作實現新的突破。對外貿易向優進優出轉變，服務貿易比重顯著提升，從貿易大國邁向貿易強國。全面實行準入前國民待遇加負面清單管理制度，逐步構建高標準自由貿易區網絡，基本形成開放型經濟新體制新格局。
– We need to deepen reform
and opening up to create new institutions for development.
Fundamentally, development relies on reform and
opening up. We must deepen reform across the board, uphold and improve the
basic economic system, establish a modern system of property rights, and see
that a rule of law government is basically in place. It should be ensured that
the market plays the decisive role in resource allocation and the government
better plays its role, and work should be accelerated to create the systems,
mechanisms, and growth model that will guide the new normal in economic
development.
We should work for significant progress in pursuing
the Belt and Road Initiative and for breakthroughs in our cooperation with
other countries on industrial capacity. We should promote the optimization of
imports and exports, significantly increase the proportion of trade in
services, and promote China’s transformation from a trader of quantity to a
trader of quality. We should put into force across the board the management
system for pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list, and
progressively build a network of high-standard free trade areas. With these
efforts, we should be able to usher in a new phase in building an open economy
based on new systems.
——持續增進民生福祉，使全體人民共享發展成果。堅持以人民為中心的發展思想，努力補齊基本民生保障的短板，朝著共同富裕方向穩步前進。堅決打贏脫貧攻堅戰，我國現行標準下的農村貧困人口實現脫貧，貧困縣全部摘帽，解決區域性整體貧困。建立國家基本公共服務項目清單。建立健全更加公平更可持續的社會保障制度。實施義務教育學校標準化、普及高中階段教育、建設世界一流大學和一流學科等工程，勞動年齡人口平均受教育年限從10.23年提高到10.8年。實現城鎮新增就業5000萬人以上。完善收入分配制度，縮小收入差距，提高中等收入人口比重。完善住房保障體系，城鎮棚戶區住房改造2000萬套。推進健康中國建設，人均預期壽命提高1歲。積極應對人口老齡化。構建現代公共文化服務體系，實施公民道德建設、中華文化傳承等工程。我們既要讓人民的物質生活更殷實，又要讓人民的精神生活更豐富。
– We need to ensure that
continuous progress is made in raising living standards, and see that everyone
shares in the fruits of development.
Guided by the vision of people-centered
development, we need to continue to strengthen points of weakness in meeting
basic needs for the people in order to achieve common prosperity. We need to
fight hard to win the war against poverty and help lift out of poverty all
rural residents falling below the current poverty line, and achieve poverty
alleviation in all poor counties and areas.
We should put in place a
national catalogue of basic public services. We should establish more equitable
and sustainable social security systems. We need to ensure that all schools
providing compulsory education comply with educational standards, that everyone
has access to secondary education, that China has more world-class universities
and first-class fields of discipline, and that the average number of years of
schooling received by the working-age population increases from 10.23 to 10.8
years.
We need to create 50 million plus new urban jobs.
We need to improve the income distribution system, reduce the income gap, and
increase the proportion of the middle-income group in the whole populace. We
should improve systems of government housing support, which should include the
rebuilding of 20 million housing units in rundown urban areas.
We need to work for progress in building a Healthy
China and achieve a one-year increase in average life expectancy. We need to
respond proactively to population aging. We should build a modern system of
public cultural services and put into effect cultural programs to boost civic
morality and keep Chinese culture thriving. These efforts should enable people
not only to enjoy a better life in material terms, but also to live a more
enriching intellectual and cultural life.
做好“十三五”時期經濟社會發展工作，實現全面建成小康社會目標，必須著力把握好三點。一是牢牢抓住發展第一要務不放松。發展是硬道理，是解決我國所有問題的關鍵。今后五年是跨越“中等收入陷阱”的重要階段，各種矛盾和風險明顯增多。發展如逆水行舟，不進則退。必須毫不動搖堅持以經濟建設為中心，推動科學發展，妥善應對風險挑戰，使中國經濟這艘巨輪破浪遠航。二是大力推進結構性改革。當前發展中總量問題與結構性問題并存，結構性問題更加突出，要用改革的辦法推進結構調整。在適度擴大總需求的同時，突出抓好供給側結構性改革，既做減法，又做加法，減少無效和低端供給，擴大有效和中高端供給，增加公共產品和公共服務供給，使供給和需求協同促進經濟發展，提高全要素生產率，不斷解放和發展社會生產力。三是加快新舊發展動能接續轉換。經濟發展必然會有新舊動能迭代更替的過程，當傳統動能由強變弱時，需要新動能異軍突起和傳統動能轉型，形成新的“雙引擎”，才能推動經濟持續增長、躍上新臺階。當前我國發展正處于這樣一個關鍵時期，必須培育壯大新動能，加快發展新經濟。要推動新技術、新產業、新業態加快成長，以體制機制創新促進分享經濟發展，建設共享平臺，做大高技術產業、現代服務業等新興產業集群，打造動力強勁的新引擎。運用信息網絡等現代技術，推動生產、管理和營銷模式變革，重塑產業鏈、供應鏈、價值鏈，改造提升傳統動能，使之煥發新的生機與活力。
To achieve success in our work to promote economic
and social development during the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan and finish
building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we must keep to the
following three guidelines:
First, give top priority to development
Development is of primary importance to China and
is the key to solving every problem we face. During the next five years, we
must take particular care to avoid falling into the “middle-income trap,” and
we need to address an increasing number of problems and risks. Pursuing
development is like sailing against the current: you either forge ahead or
drift downstream. We must remain committed to economic development as our
central task, endeavor to promote sound development, and respond effectively to
risks and challenges so as to ensure that China’s economy, like a gigantic
ship, breaks the waves and goes the distance.
Second, make major headway in carrying out
structural reform
At present, we face problems both with aggregate
supply and demand and with our structures. The structural problems are more
acute, and reform should be conducted to adjust these structures. While working
to achieve an appropriate expansion of aggregate demand, we need to give particular
emphasis to structural reform on the supply side, reducing supply in some areas
while increasing it in others. This means that we need to reduce ineffective
and lower-end supply while increasing effective and medium- and high-end
supply, increase the supply of public goods and services, ensure that
development is driven by both supply and demand, and improve total-factor
productivity. This should enable us to unleash and develop productive forces.
Third, accelerate the shift in driving forces for
development
In the course of economic development, it is only
natural that old drivers of growth are replaced by new ones. As conventional
driving forces weaken, it is critical that new driving forces emerge and that
the conventional ones undergo a transformation so that new twin engines are
formed; only then is it possible to upgrade the economy and achieve sustainable
growth. This is the crucial period in which China currently finds itself, and
during which we must build up powerful new drivers in order to accelerate the
development of the new economy. We need to move faster to develop new
technologies, industries, and forms of business, boost the development of a
sharing economy through institutional innovations, create sharing platforms,
and develop emerging industry clusters such as high-tech and modern service
industry clusters, thus creating strong new engines. We will use network-based
information technology and other modern technologies to drive changes in models
of production, management, and marketing, create new industry chains, supply
chains, and value chains, and transform and upgrade conventional drivers, thus
injecting them with new vitality.
從根本上說，發展的不竭力量蘊藏在人民群眾之中。9億多勞動力、1億多受過高等教育和有專業技能的人才，是我們最大的資源和優勢。實現新舊動能轉換，推動發展轉向更多依靠人力人才資源和創新，既是一個伴隨陣痛的調整過程，也是一個充滿希望的升級過程。只要闖過這個關口，中國經濟就一定能夠浴火重生、再創輝煌。
Ultimately, it is the people who are the
inexhaustible source of power that drives development. A workforce of over 900
million, of whom over 100 million have received higher education or are
professionally trained: this is our greatest resource and strength. Obviously,
replacing old drivers of growth with new ones and achieving a shift in
development toward greater reliance on human resources, human capital, and
innovation is a process of painful adjustment. But it is at the same time an
upgrading process with great promise. We just have to get through this process,
and we can, without question, reinvigorate the economy and ensure its dynamic
growth.
展望今后五年，我們充滿必勝信心。如期實現全面建成小康社會目標，人民生活將會更加美好，中國特色社會主義事業前景一定會更加光明！
Looking ahead to the next five years, we are fully
confident that we will finish building a moderately prosperous society in all
respects within the set timeframe, that our people will enjoy better lives, and
that there will be an even brighter future for the cause of building socialism
with Chinese characteristics.
