【政策報告】 2016年政府工作報告（中英對照1）
來源：中國政府網 新華網 人民網 鳳凰網 英語巴士 編輯整理：福建啟航翻譯
摘要:國務院總理李克強在2016年3月5日在第十二屆全國人民代表大會第四次會議上所做的政府報告全文
Full Text of Report on the Work of the Government 2016
政府工作報告
Report on the Work of the Government
——2016年3月5日在第十二屆全國人民代表大會第四次會議上
– Delivered at the Fourth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2016
國務院總理 李克強
Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council
各位代表：
Esteemed Deputies,
現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告政府工作，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。
On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval. I invite comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
一、2015年工作回顧
過去一年，我國發展面臨多重困難和嚴峻挑戰。在以習近平同志為總書記的黨中央堅強領導下，全國各族人民以堅定的信心和非凡的勇氣，攻堅克難，開拓進取，經濟社會發展穩中有進、穩中有好，完成了全年主要目標任務，改革開放和社會主義現代化建設取得新的重大成就。
Let me start with a review of the work we did in 2015.
In the past year, China has encountered many difficulties and challenges in its development. However, under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, and with confidence and courage, all the people of China have worked to overcome obstacles and have pressed ahead with a pioneering spirit. As a result, progress has been achieved and stability ensured in economic and social development, the main tasks and targets for the year have been fulfilled, and major achievements have been made in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.
——經濟運行保持在合理區間。國內生產總值達到67.7萬億元，增長6.9%，在世界主要經濟體中位居前列。糧食產量實現“十二連增”，居民消費價格漲幅保持較低水平。特別是就業形勢總體穩定，城鎮新增就業1312萬人，超過全年預期目標，成為經濟運行的一大亮點。
– The economy operated within an appropriate range.
GDP reached 67.7 trillion yuan, representing an increase of 6.9% over the previous year-a growth rate faster than that of most other major economies. Food crop production increased for the 12th year in a row. Consumer prices grew slowly. Of particular note, the employment situation overall remained stable, with 13.12 million new urban jobs created over the course of the year, surpassing the year’s target and becoming an economic highlight.
——結構調整取得積極進展。服務業在國內生產總值中的比重上升到50.5%，首次占據“半壁江山”。消費對經濟增長的貢獻率達到66.4%。高技術產業和裝備制造業增速快于一般工業。單位國內生產總值能耗下降5.6%。
– Encouraging progress was made in structural adjustment.
The service sector as a proportion of GDP rose to 50.5%, accounting for more than half for the first time. The contribution of consumption toward economic growth reached 66.4%. High-tech industries and equipment manufacturing grew faster than other industries. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 5.6%.
——發展新動能加快成長。創新驅動發展戰略持續推進，互聯網與各行業加速融合，新興產業快速增長。大眾創業、萬眾創新蓬勃發展，全年新登記注冊企業增長21.6%，平均每天新增1.2萬戶。新動能對穩就業、促升級發揮了突出作用，正在推動經濟社會發生深刻變革。
– New driving forces for development grew rapidly.
Further progress was made in implementing the strategy of innovation-driven development, the penetration of the Internet into all industries picked up pace, and emerging industries grew rapidly. Business startups and innovations by the general public flourished, with the number of newly registered businesses rising by 21.6% in 2015, or an average of 12,000 new businesses per day. New driving forces played a major role in keeping employment stable and pushing ahead industry upgrading, and are now driving profound economic and social change in China.
——人民生活進一步改善。全國居民人均可支配收入實際增長7.4%，快于經濟增速。去年末居民儲蓄存款余額增長8.5%，新增4萬多億元。又解決6434萬農村人口飲水安全問題。扶貧攻堅力度加大，農村貧困人口減少1442萬人。
– Living standards improved.
Personal per capita disposable income increased by 7.4% in real terms, overtaking the growth rate of the economy. By the end of last year, personal savings deposits had risen by 8.5%, an increase of more than four trillion yuan. In rural areas, another 64.34 million people gained access to safe drinking water and greater alleviation efforts reduced the number of people living in poverty by 14.42 million.
科技領域一批創新成果達到國際先進水平，第三代核電技術取得重大進展，國產C919大型客機總裝下線，屠呦呦獲得諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎。對我國發展取得的成就，全國各族人民倍感振奮和自豪！
A number of world-class innovations were made in science and technology. Major headway was made in the development of 3G nuclear power technology, China’s self-developed C919 large jetliner rolled off the assembly line, and Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.
回顧過去一年，成績來之不易。這些成績，是在極為復雜嚴峻的國際環境中取得的。去年世界經濟增速為6年來最低，國際貿易增速更低，大宗商品價格深度下跌，國際金融市場震蕩加劇，對我國經濟造成直接沖擊和影響。這些成績，是在國內深層次矛盾凸顯、經濟下行壓力加大的情況下取得的。面對“三期疊加”的局面，經濟工作遇到不少兩難甚至多難問題，需要遠近結合，趨利避害，有效應對。這些成績，是在我國經濟總量超過60萬億元的高基數上取得的。現在國內生產總值每增長1個百分點的增量，相當于5年前1.5個百分點、10年前2.5個百分點的增量。經濟規模越大，增長難度隨之增加。在困難和壓力面前，全國各族人民付出了極大辛勞，一步一步走了過來。這再次表明，任何艱難險阻都擋不住中國發展前行的步伐！
These achievements in China’s development, a source of pride and motivation for our people, did not come easily.
They were made in the context of an extremely complicated and challenging international environment. In 2015, world economic growth fell to its lowest rate in six years, growth in international trade slowed, commodity prices plummeted, and there was growing volatility in the global financial market. All this had a direct impact on China’s economy.
They were made at the same time as deep-seated domestic problems were becoming prominent and downward pressure on the economy was mounting. While dealing with the slowdown in economic growth, making difficult structural adjustments, and absorbing the effects of previous economic stimulus policies, China was also confronted with many difficult problems and choices in the running of the economy, and this called for effective responses based on the need both to combine long-term and short-term considerations and to seek benefit and avoid harm.
Finally, they were made at a time when China’s economic output had exceeded 60 trillion yuan. Every percentage point of GDP growth today is equivalent to 1.5 percentage points of growth five years ago or 2.5 percentage points of growth ten years ago. The larger the economy grows, the greater the difficulty of achieving growth.
In the face of these difficulties and pressures, all our people have truly exerted themselves and progressed step by step to get us where we are today. This once again demonstrates that no difficulty or hardship will ever stop China from moving forward.
一年來，我們主要做了以下工作：
I will now move on to discuss the main work we did last year:
一是著力穩增長調結構防風險，創新宏觀調控方式。為應對持續加大的經濟下行壓力，我們在區間調控基礎上，實施定向調控和相機調控。積極的財政政策注重加力增效，擴大結構性減稅范圍，實行普遍性降費，盤活財政存量資金。發行地方政府債券置換存量債務3.2萬億元，降低利息負擔約2000億元，減輕了地方政府償債壓力。穩健的貨幣政策注重松緊適度，多次降息降準，改革存貸比管理，創新貨幣政策工具，加大對實體經濟支持力度。擴大有效投資，設立專項基金，加強水利、城鎮棚戶區和農村危房改造、中西部鐵路和公路等薄弱環節建設。實施重點領域消費促進工程，城鄉居民旅游、網購、信息消費等快速增長。去年還積極應對股市、匯市異常波動等金融領域的多種風險挑戰，守住了不發生系統性區域性風險的底線，維護了國家經濟金融安全。
First, we maintained stable growth, made structural adjustments, guarded against risks, and developed new ways of conducting macro regulation.
In responding to the mounting downward pressure on the economy, we exercised targeted and well-timed regulation on the basis of range-based regulation. We adopted proactive fiscal policy that focused on increasing intensity and efficacy by expanding the scope of structural tax reductions, reducing fees across the board, and putting dormant budgetary funds to good use. Local government bonds issued to replace outstanding debt reached 3.2 trillion yuan, lessening the interest payment burden of local governments by approximately 200 billion yuan while also reducing their debt repayment pressure. We pursued prudent monetary policy with an appropriate amount of intensity, making several cuts to interest rates and required reserve ratios, reforming management of the loan-to-deposit ratio, creating new monetary policy tools, and increasing support for the real economy. Effective investment increased, special-purpose funds were established, and development was strengthened in areas in need of attention, including water conservancy, rundown urban areas and dilapidated rural housing, and railways and highways in the central and western regions. Consumer spending was promoted in key areas, spurring rapid growth in spending on recreational travel, online shopping, and information goods and services. In 2015, we also responded proactively to a variety of risks and challenges in the financial sector, such as unusual fluctuations in the stock market and the foreign exchange market, ensuring that no systemic or regional threats arose, thus safeguarding China’s economic and financial security.
二是圍繞激發市場活力，加大改革開放力度。我們不搞“大水漫灌”式的強刺激，而是持續推動結構性改革。深入推進簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務改革。取消和下放311項行政審批事項，取消123項職業資格許可和認定事項，徹底終結了非行政許可審批。工商登記前置審批精簡85%，全面實施三證合一、一照一碼。加強事中事后監管，優化公共服務流程。群眾和企業辦事更加方便，全社會創業創新熱情日益高漲。
Second, we intensified reform and opening up to invigorate the market.
Rather than adopting strong stimulus policies that would have an economy-wide impact, we continued to move forward with structural reform. We intensified reform to streamline administration, delegate more powers, improve regulation, and provide better services. We delegated the power or cancelled the requirement for government review for 311 items, cancelled the requirement for verification or approval for 123 professional qualifications, and put a complete stop to the practice of non-administrative review. The number of items which require government approval for new businesses prior to registration was cut by 85%, and the system of a separate business license, organization code certificate, and taxation registration certificate was replaced by a unified business license with a unified social credit code. Both operational and post-operational oversight over businesses were strengthened, and public service procedures were improved. Government-related procedures for individuals and businesses were made much simpler, such that enthusiasm for stepping out into business and making innovations is rising by the day.
財稅金融等重點改革深入推進。中央對地方專項轉移支付項目減少三分之一，一般性轉移支付規模增加。營改增穩步實施，資源稅從價計征范圍擴大。取消存款利率浮動上限，推出存款保險制度，建立人民幣跨境支付系統。價格改革力度加大，中央政府定價項目減少80%，地方政府定價項目減少一半以上。國有企業、農村、投融資、生態文明等領域改革有序推進，全面深化改革的成效正在顯現。
Fiscal, tax, financial, and other key reforms were deepened. The central government cut, by one third, the number of items for which special transfer payments are permitted, while scaling up its general transfer payments. Steady progress was made in replacing business tax with VAT. Ad valorem taxation was extended to cover more types of resource taxes. The upper limit of the floating band on deposit rates was removed, the deposit insurance system was introduced, and the RMB cross-border payment system was established. Pricing reform was intensified, with the number of central government set prices reduced by 80% and the number of local government set prices cut by more than 50%. We carried out state-owned enterprise (SOE) reforms, rural reforms, and investment and financing reforms, ecological management reforms, and others. Efforts to intensify reform in all respects are beginning to deliver results.
堅持以開放促改革促發展。努力穩定對外貿易，調整出口退稅負擔機制，清理規范進出口環節收費，提高貿易便利化水平，出口結構發生積極變化。外商投資限制性條目減少一半，95%以上實行備案管理，實際使用外資1263億美元，增長5.6%。非金融類對外直接投資1180億美元，增長14.7%。推廣上海自貿試驗區經驗，新設廣東、天津、福建自貿試驗區。人民幣加入國際貨幣基金組織特別提款權貨幣籃子。亞洲基礎設施投資銀行正式成立，絲路基金投入運營。簽署中韓、中澳自貿協定和中國－東盟自貿區升級議定書。“一帶一路”建設成效顯現，國際產能合作步伐加快，高鐵、核電等中國裝備走出去取得突破性進展。
Momentum was created for reform and development through opening up. We worked hard to keep foreign trade stable by adjusting the mechanism for sharing the cost of export tax rebates between the central and local governments, overhauling and regulating charges for imports and exports, increasing trade facilitation, and making changes to the export mix. The number of restrictions on overseas investment in China was cut by 50%, and over 95% of overseas-funded projects may now be undertaken on a simple reporting basis. China utilized US$126.3 billion of overseas investment, an increase of 5.6%. Non-financial outward foreign direct investment reached $118 billion, up 14.7%. Pilot free trade zones were established in Guangdong, Tianjin, and Fujian based on the model of the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone. The RMB was included in the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights basket. The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank was officially inaugurated, and the Silk Road Fund opened for business. China signed free trade agreements with the Republic of Korea and Australia, respectively, and signed the Protocol to Amend the Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation between China and ASEAN. Progress was made in the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative (the Belt and Road Initiative), the pace of our industrial-capacity cooperation with other countries was stepped up, and breakthroughs were made in China’s export of high-speed railway and nuclear power equipment.
三是聚焦提質增效，推動產業創新升級。制定實施創新驅動發展戰略綱要和意見，出臺推動大眾創業、萬眾創新政策舉措，落實“互聯網+”行動計劃，增強經濟發展新動力。一大批創客走上創業創新之路。完善農業支持政策，促進農業發展方式加快轉變。針對工業增速下降、企業效益下滑，我們一手抓新興產業培育，一手抓傳統產業改造提升。啟動實施《中國制造2025》，設立國家新興產業創業投資引導基金、中小企業發展基金，擴大國家自主創新示范區。積極化解過剩產能，推進企業兼并重組。近三年淘汰落后煉鋼煉鐵產能9000多萬噸、水泥2.3億噸、平板玻璃7600多萬重量箱、電解鋁100多萬噸。促進生產性、生活性服務業加快發展。狠抓節能減排和環境保護，各項約束性指標超額完成。公布自主減排行動目標，推動國際氣候變化談判取得積極成果。
Third, we worked to promote industrial innovation and upgrading to improve economic performance.
To strengthen the new growth engines, an innovation-driven development plan was adopted along with guidelines on its implementation, policies and measures were introduced to encourage public participation in starting businesses and making innovations, and the Internet Plus action plan was implemented. A great number of makers started businesses and made innovations. Improvements were made to policies in support of agriculture to promote transformation of the agricultural growth model. In addressing the decline in industrial growth and the downward slide incorporate performance, we worked to foster new industries and upgrade traditional ones. We launched the Made in China 2025 initiative to upgrade manufacturing, set up government funds to encourage investment in emerging industries and to develop small and medium-sized enterprises, and established more national innovation demonstration zones. We cut overcapacity and encouraged business acquisitions and restructuring. Cuts made in outdated production capacity over the past three years have included over 90 million metric tons of steel and iron, 230 million metric tons of cement, over 76 million weight cases of plate glass, and more than one million metric tons of electrolytic aluminum. The development of production- and consumer-oriented service industries picked up momentum. We took serious measures to conserve energy, reduce emissions, and protect the environment, exceeding obligatory targets. We released self-imposed emissions reduction targets and contributed to the positive outcomes of international negotiations on climate change.
四是著眼開拓發展空間，促進區域協調發展和新型城鎮化。繼續推動東、中、西、東北地區“四大板塊”協調發展，重點推進“一帶一路”建設、京津冀協同發展、長江經濟帶發展“三大戰略”，在基礎設施、產業布局、生態環保等方面實施一批重大工程。制定實施促進西藏和四省藏區、新疆發展的政策措施。推進戶籍制度改革，出臺居住證制度，加強城鎮基礎設施建設，新型城鎮化取得新成效。
Fourth, we promoted coordinated development between regions and the new type of urbanization to expand development space.
Work continued to promote the coordinated development of the eastern region, the central region, the western region, and the northeast; priority was placed on moving forward with the Three Initiatives – the Belt and Road Initiative, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Integration Initiative, and the Yangtze Economic Belt Initiative. A number of major projects were also launched to develop infrastructure, improve the distribution of industries, and achieve ecological and environmental conservation. Policies and measures were introduced to promote the development of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Tibetan ethnic areas in the provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Qinghai. We pressed ahead with the reform of the household registration system, adopted a residence certification system, and stepped up the development of urban infrastructure, making progress in developing new urbanization.
五是緊扣增進民生福祉，推動社會事業改革發展。在財力緊張情況下，保障民生力度繼續加大。推出新的政策，重點解決高校畢業生和就業困難群體的就業創業問題。城鎮保障性安居工程住房基本建成772萬套，棚戶區住房改造開工601萬套，農村危房改造432萬戶，一大批住房困難家庭圓了安居夢。加快改善貧困地區義務教育薄弱學校辦學條件，深化中小學教師職稱制度改革，重點高校招收貧困地區農村學生人數又增長10.5%。全面推開縣級公立醫院綜合改革，拓展居民大病保險，建立重特大疾病醫療救助制度、困難殘疾人生活補貼和重度殘疾人護理補貼制度。提高低保、優撫、企業退休人員基本養老金等標準，推行機關事業單位養老保險制度改革并完善工資制度。加強基本公共文化服務建設。廣大人民群眾有了更多獲得感。
Fifth, we promoted the reform and development of social programs to improve living standards.
Despite fiscal constraints, we continued to intensify efforts to help ensure the wellbeing of our people. New policies were launched to create jobs and business startup opportunities for college graduates and those with difficulties finding employment. Over the course of the year, 7.72 million government-subsidized housing units were basically completed in urban areas, work started on the reconstruction of 6.01 million housing units in rundown urban areas, and 4.32 million dilapidated houses in rural areas were rebuilt, helping large numbers of families that are struggling with housing realize their dream of having a home to settle in. We moved more quickly to improve conditions in badly built and poorly operated schools providing compulsory education in poor areas, deepened the reform of the professional title system for elementary and secondary school teachers, and increased the number of students from poor rural areas who were enrolled in key institutions of higher learning by a further 10.5%. Comprehensive reform was carried out in all public hospitals at the county level, the coverage of the serious disease insurance scheme was extended to more rural and non-working urban residents, a system of assistance for treating major and serious diseases was put in place, and a system for providing living allowances for people with disabilities who are in need and for granting nursing care subsidies to persons with severe disabilities was established. We increased subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, and basic pension benefits for enterprise retirees, implemented the reform of the pension system for employees of Party and government offices and public institutions, and improved their wage system. Efforts to develop basic public cultural services were also intensified. All of this has resulted in a stronger sense of benefit in society.
六是促進社會和諧穩定，推動依法行政和治理方式創新。國務院提請全國人大常委會審議法律議案11件，制定修訂行政法規8部。政務公開加快推進，推廣電子政務和網上辦事。建立重大政策落實督查問責機制，開展第三方評估。有效應對自然災害和突發事件。加強安全生產監管，事故總量和重特大事故、重點行業事故數量繼續下降。推進食品安全創建示范行動。強化社會治安綜合治理，依法打擊各類違法犯罪活動，有力維護了公共安全。
Sixth, we developed new ways of conducting law-based administration and governance to promote social harmony and stability.
The State Council submitted 11 legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress and enacted or revised eight sets of administrative regulations. Efforts were accelerated to increase government transparency and expand the application of e-government and online administration. We set up a mechanism to inspect and establish accountability for the implementation of major government policies and introduced third-party evaluations. We responded effectively to natural disasters and emergencies. Efforts were stepped up to ensure workplace safety; as a result, we have seen a continued reduction in the number of total accidents, including the number of accidents of a serious or large-scale nature as well as those in industries where accidents tend to be more common. We moved ahead with the demonstration initiative to ensure food safety. We strengthened all-round efforts to maintain law and order and cracked down on crimes in accordance with the law to safeguard public security.
我們深入開展“三嚴三實”專題教育，鍥而不舍落實黨中央八項規定精神，堅決糾正“四風”，嚴格執行國務院“約法三章”。加強行政監察和審計監督。大力推進黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭，一批腐敗分子受到懲處。
The campaign to build understanding of the Three Stricts and Three Honests* was intensified, the CPC Central Committee’s eight-point decision on improving Party and government conduct continued to be implemented, action was taken against formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, and rigorous efforts were made to carry out the State Council’s three-point decision on curbing government spending. Administrative supervision and oversight through auditing were strengthened. We stepped up efforts to improve Party conduct and government integrity and fight corruption, and brought a number of offenders to justice.
Note:*To be strict with oneself in practicing self-cultivation, using power, and exercising self-discipline; and to be honest in one’s thinking, one’s work, and one’s behavior.
我們隆重紀念中國人民抗日戰爭暨世界反法西斯戰爭勝利70周年，集中宣示了我國作為世界反法西斯戰爭東方主戰場的歷史地位和重大貢獻，彰顯了中國人民同各國人民共護和平、共守正義的堅定信念！
We marked the 70th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the Global War against Fascism. This anniversary was a reminder of China’s place in history as the main theater in the East during the Global War against Fascism and its major contribution to the war effort. The Chinese people marked this occasion to demonstrate their dedication to safeguarding peace and upholding justice together with other peoples.
一年來，全方位外交成果豐碩。習近平主席等國家領導人出訪多國，出席聯合國系列峰會、二十國集團領導人峰會、亞太經合組織領導人非正式會議、氣候變化大會、東亞合作領導人系列會議、世界經濟論壇等重大活動。成功舉行中非合作論壇峰會、中歐領導人會晤，啟動中拉論壇。同主要大國關系取得新進展，同周邊國家務實合作深入推進，同發展中國家友好合作不斷拓展，同聯合國等國際組織和國際機制的關系全面加強，經濟外交、人文交流卓有成效。中國作為負責任大國，在國際和地區事務中發揮了重要的建設性作用。
Over the past year, China’s all-round diplomacy has delivered fruitful outcomes. President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders have visited many countries and attended international events including the United Nations summits, the G20 Leaders’ Summit, the 23rd APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the 21st Session of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the East Asian leaders’ meetings on cooperation, and the World Economic Forum annual meeting 2016. The Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation and the China-EU Leaders’ Meeting were held, and the China and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) Forum was inaugurated. Fresh progress was made in China’s relations with other major countries; pragmatic cooperation with neighboring countries was strengthened; friendship and cooperation with other developing countries grew; relations with the United Nations and other international organizations and mechanisms were strengthened in all areas; and notable achievements were made in economic diplomacy and cultural exchanges. As a responsible major country, China played an important constructive role in international and regional affairs.
各位代表！
Esteemed Deputies,
過去一年取得的成績，是以習近平同志為總書記的黨中央統攬全局、科學決策的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民齊心協力、頑強拼搏的結果。我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設事業的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯感謝！
We owe these achievements to the sound overall decisions made by the CPC Central Committee headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, and to the concerted and determined efforts of all members of the Party, all members of the armed forces, and all the people of China. On behalf of the State Council, I wish to express our sincere gratitude to the people of all ethnic groups in China including public figures from all sectors of society and to the other parties and the people’s organizations. I express our heartfelt appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, and to Chinese nationals overseas. I also wish to express our sincere thanks to the governments, international organizations, and friends from all over the world who have shown understanding and support for China in her endeavor to modernize.
在充分肯定去年成績的同時，我們也清醒看到，我國發展中還存在不少困難和問題。受全球貿易萎縮等因素影響，去年我國進出口總額出現下降，預期增長目標未能實現。投資增長乏力，一些行業產能過剩嚴重，部分企業生產經營困難，地區和行業走勢分化，財政收支矛盾突出，資本市場基礎性制度還不完善，金融等領域存在風險隱患。人民群眾關心的醫療、教育、養老、食品藥品安全、收入分配、城市管理等方面問題較多，環境污染形勢仍很嚴峻，嚴重霧霾天氣在一些地區時有發生。特別令人痛心的是，去年發生了“東方之星”號客輪翻沉事件和天津港特別重大火災爆炸等事故，人員傷亡和財產損失慘重，教訓極其深刻，必須認真汲取。政府工作還存在不足，有些改革和政策措施落實不到位，少數干部不作為、不會為、亂作為，一些領域的不正之風和腐敗問題不容忽視。我們要進一步增強憂患意識和擔當意識，下更大力氣解決這些問題，始終以民之所望為施政所向，盡心竭力做好政府工作，決不辜負人民重托。
While recognizing our achievements, we are also keenly aware that our country is still confronted with many difficulties and problems in pursuing development. With the decline in global trade, amongst other factors, China experienced a fall in its total imports and exports and failed to reach its growth objective in this regard. Growth in investment is sluggish, overcapacity is a serious problem in certain industries, some enterprises are facing difficulties in production and operations, growth prospects are mixed for different regions and different industries, notable imbalances exist between government revenue and expenditures, the basic institutions for the capital market still need to be improved, and there are latent risks in the financial and other sectors. There are many problems in medical care, education, elderly care, food and medicine safety, income distribution, and urban management that are of concern to the people. The situation remains grave when it comes to environmental pollution, and some regions are frequently hit by severe smog. Particularly distressing, last year saw the sinking of the cruise ship Oriental Star on the Yangtze and the massive explosion in Tianjin Port. The deaths and injuries and the damage and loss of property from these incidents were devastating, and the profound lessons these incidents have taught us should never be forgotten. There are still inadequacies in the work of the government. Some reforms, policies, and measures have not been fully implemented; a small number of government employees either do not or are unable to fulfill their duties, or behave irresponsibly; and the corruption and misconduct in some sectors cannot be ignored. We must be more mindful of the difficulties ahead, more ready to assume responsibility, and more hardworking in ensuring these problems are solved. The wishes of the people should always determine the aim of our governance; we must do our utmost to deliver a strong performance in our work and never fail to live up to the great trust the people have placed in us.
各位代表！
Esteemed Deputies,
2015年是“十二五”收官之年。過去五年，我國發展成就舉世矚目。黨的十八大以來，在以習近平同志為總書記的黨中央堅強領導下，面對錯綜復雜的國際環境和艱巨繁重的國內改革發展穩定任務，我們繼續堅持穩中求進工作總基調，深化改革開放，實施一系列利當前、惠長遠的重大舉措，“十二五”規劃確定的主要目標任務全面完成。一是經濟持續較快發展。國內生產總值年均增長7.8%，經濟總量穩居世界第二位，成為全球第一貨物貿易大國和主要對外投資大國。二是結構調整取得標志性進展。服務業成為第一大產業，工業化與信息化融合加深，農業綜合生產能力明顯增強。消費成為支撐經濟增長的主要力量。超過一半人口居住在城鎮。單位國內生產總值能耗下降18.2%，主要污染物排放量減少12%以上。三是基礎設施水平全面躍升。鐵路營業里程達到12.1萬公里，其中高速鐵路超過1.9萬公里，占世界60%以上。高速公路通車里程超過12萬公里。南水北調東、中線工程通水。建成全球最大的第四代移動通信網絡。四是科技創新實現重大突破。量子通信、中微子振蕩、高溫鐵基超導等基礎研究取得一批原創性成果，載人航天、探月工程、深海探測等項目達到世界先進水平。五是人民生活水平顯著提高。居民收入增長快于經濟增長，城鄉收入差距持續縮小。城鎮新增就業人數超過6400萬人。城鎮保障性安居工程住房建設4013萬套，上億群眾喜遷新居。農村貧困人口減少1億多，解決3億多農村人口飲水安全問題。六是社會發展成就斐然。教育公平和質量明顯提升。基本醫療保險實現全覆蓋，基本養老保險參保率超過80%。文化軟實力持續提升。依法治國全面推進。中國特色軍事變革成就顯著。經過五年努力，我國經濟實力、科技實力、國防實力、國際影響力又上了一個大臺階。
The period covered by the 12th Five-Year Plan came to a close in 2015. During the past five years, impressive achievements were made in China’s development. Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, we have found ourselves in a complicated international environment, and we have faced the challenging tasks of carrying out reform and development and maintaining stability at home. However, under the guidance of the CPC Central Committee headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, we have continued our commitment to the general principle of making progress while working to keep performance stable, deepened reform and opening up, and adopted a series of major measures that should deliver both immediate and long-term benefits. As a result, we successfully fulfilled all the main tasks and targets set out in the 12th Five-Year Plan.
First, a high rate of economic development was maintained.
During this period, China’s GDP grew at an average annual rate of 7.8%. This growth enabled China to comfortably maintain its position as the world’s second-largest economy, and become the largest trading nation in terms of goods as well as a major outbound investor.
Second, milestone progress was achieved in structural adjustments.
Service industries have grown to be the largest economic sector, information technology has been further integrated into industrialization, and overall agricultural production capacity has notably improved. Consumption has become a major driver of growth. Over half of China’s population now resides in urban areas. Energy consumption per unit of GDP has dropped by 18.2%, and the emissions of major pollutants have been cut by over 12%.
Third, across-the-board improvements were made in infrastructure.
The length of railways in service reached 121,000 kilometers, of which more than 19,000 kilometers are high-speed rail lines-more than 60% of the world’s total. The length of expressways open to traffic exceeded 120,000 kilometers, the eastern and middle routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project were put into operation, and the world’s largest 4G mobile network was built in China.
Fourth, significant breakthroughs were made in scientific and technological innovation.
Original achievements were made in quantum communications, neutrino oscillation, and iron-based high-temperature superconductivity through basic research. World-class advances were made in manned spaceflight, the lunar exploration program, and deep-water exploration.
Fifth, living standards improved significantly.
Personal income increased faster than economic growth, and the urban-rural income gap was narrowed. Over 64 million urban jobs were created. Government subsidies were used to build 40.13 million housing units in urban areas, providing new homes for around 100 million people. The number of rural residents living in poverty was cut by more than 100 million, and over 300 million rural residents gained access to safe drinking water.
Sixth, notable achievements were made in social development.
Significant progress was made in ensuring equal access to education, and the quality of education markedly improved. Basic health insurance was expanded to achieve complete coverage, and participation in basic pension plans exceeded 80% of the whole population. China’s soft power continued to grow. The rule of law was advanced in all respects. Significant achievements were made in the military revolution with Chinese characteristics. Over the past five years, China’s economic strength, scientific and technological capabilities, defense capabilities, and international influence have all been strengthened considerably.
“十二五”時期的輝煌成就，充分顯示了中國特色社會主義的巨大優越性，集中展現了中國人民的無窮創造力，極大增強了中華民族的自信心和凝聚力，必將激勵全國各族人民在實現“兩個一百年”奮斗目標的新征程上奮力前行！
The achievements attained during the period of the 12th Five-Year Plan fully demonstrate the strength of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the creativity of the Chinese people. The Chinese people can derive great confidence and a strengthened sense of unity from these achievements, drawing on them to forge ahead on this new leg of the journey toward realizing the Two Centenary Goals. *
Note:* To finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the CPC celebrates its centenary in 2021 and to turn the People’s Republic of China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the time it celebrates its centenary in 2049.
