中共中央 國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于完整準(zhǔn)確全面貫徹新發(fā)展理念做好碳達(dá)峰碳中和工作的意見
Working Guidance for Carbon Dioxide Peaking and Carbon Neutrality in Full and Faithful Implementation of the New Development Philosophy
2021年9月22日
22 October 2021
實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和，是以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央統(tǒng)籌國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際兩個(gè)大局作出的重大戰(zhàn)略決策，是著力解決資源環(huán)境約束突出問題、實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族永續(xù)發(fā)展的必然選擇，是構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體的莊嚴(yán)承諾。為完整、準(zhǔn)確、全面貫徹新發(fā)展理念，做好碳達(dá)峰、碳中和工作，現(xiàn)提出如下意見。
To peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality is a major strategic decision taken by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in light of both domestic and international imperatives. This is the natural choice for China to address acute resource and environmental constraints and achieve sustained development of the Chinese nation, and constitutes China’s solemn commitment to building a shared future for mankind. In full and faithful implementation of the new development philosophy, the work on carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality should be guided by the following:
一、總體要求
I. General Guidance
（一）指導(dǎo)思想。以習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義思想為指導(dǎo)，全面貫徹黨的十九大和十九屆二中、三中、四中、五中全會(huì)精神，深入貫徹習(xí)近平生態(tài)文明思想，立足新發(fā)展階段，貫徹新發(fā)展理念，構(gòu)建新發(fā)展格局，堅(jiān)持系統(tǒng)觀念，處理好發(fā)展和減排、整體和局部、短期和中長(zhǎng)期的關(guān)系，把碳達(dá)峰、碳中和納入經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展全局，以經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展全面綠色轉(zhuǎn)型為引領(lǐng)，以能源綠色低碳發(fā)展為關(guān)鍵，加快形成節(jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、生產(chǎn)方式、生活方式、空間格局，堅(jiān)定不移走生態(tài)優(yōu)先、綠色低碳的高質(zhì)量發(fā)展道路，確保如期實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和。
1. Guiding Principles
We must follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implement the guiding principles from the 19th CPC National Congress and the second through fifth plenary sessions of the 19th CPC Central Committee, and thoroughly apply Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization. We need to ground our work in the new stage of development, apply the new development philosophy, and foster a new pattern of development. Through the application of systematic thinking, we will strike a balance between development and emissions reduction, between overall and local imperatives, and between short-term and longer-term considerations. Endeavors to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality must be incorporated into the overall economic and social development framework. In this way, we aim to effect a comprehensive green transformation in respect of economic and social development, with a special focus on the development of green and low-carbon energy, with a view to expediting the development of industrial structures, production modes, living patterns, and spatial zones that will conserve resources and protect the environment. We are firmly committed to a green, low-carbon and high-quality development path that gives primacy to ecological civilization. This will ensure that the carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality goals are achieved as planned.
（二）工作原則
2. Working Guidelines
實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和目標(biāo)，要堅(jiān)持“全國(guó)統(tǒng)籌、節(jié)約優(yōu)先、雙輪驅(qū)動(dòng)、內(nèi)外暢通、防范風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”原則。
To achieve the objectives for carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality, we must follow the principles of exercising nationwide planning, prioritizing conservation, leveraging the strengths of the government and the market, coordinating efforts on the domestic and international fronts, and guarding against risks.
——全國(guó)統(tǒng)籌。全國(guó)一盤棋，強(qiáng)化頂層設(shè)計(jì)，發(fā)揮制度優(yōu)勢(shì)，實(shí)行黨政同責(zé)，壓實(shí)各方責(zé)任。根據(jù)各地實(shí)際分類施策，鼓勵(lì)主動(dòng)作為、率先達(dá)峰。
Exercising nationwide planning. Taking a whole-of-nation approach, we will strengthen top-level design, leverage institutional strengths, hold both CPC committees and governments responsible, and ensure responsibilities are fulfilled by all parties. Policies will be implemented on a categorized basis in light of local circumstance in order to encourage local authorities to act on their own initiative and take the lead in peaking carbon dioxide emissions.
——節(jié)約優(yōu)先。把節(jié)約能源資源放在首位，實(shí)行全面節(jié)約戰(zhàn)略，持續(xù)降低單位產(chǎn)出能源資源消耗和碳排放，提高投入產(chǎn)出效率，倡導(dǎo)簡(jiǎn)約適度、綠色低碳生活方式，從源頭和入口形成有效的碳排放控制閥門。
Prioritizing conservation. To give first priority to the conservation of energy and resources, we need to introduce a comprehensive conservation strategy. We will continue to reduce energy and resource consumption and carbon emissions per unit of output, improve resource input-output efficiency, advocate simple, moderate, green and low-carbon living patterns, and effectively control carbon emissions at their source and point of entry.
——雙輪驅(qū)動(dòng)。政府和市場(chǎng)兩手發(fā)力，構(gòu)建新型舉國(guó)體制，強(qiáng)化科技和制度創(chuàng)新，加快綠色低碳科技革命。深化能源和相關(guān)領(lǐng)域改革，發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)機(jī)制作用，形成有效激勵(lì)約束機(jī)制。
Leveraging the strengths of the government and the market. Both the government and the market have an important role to play. We need to establish a new system for mobilizing the nation to boost technological and institutional innovation and accelerate the revolution in green and low-carbon technology. We will deepen reform in energy and related fields, give full play to the role of market mechanisms, and create effective incentive and restraint mechanisms.
——內(nèi)外暢通。立足國(guó)情實(shí)際，統(tǒng)籌國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際能源資源，推廣先進(jìn)綠色低碳技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。統(tǒng)籌做好應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化對(duì)外斗爭(zhēng)與合作，不斷增強(qiáng)國(guó)際影響力和話語(yǔ)權(quán)，堅(jiān)決維護(hù)我國(guó)發(fā)展權(quán)益。
Coordinating efforts on the domestic and international fronts. Based on China’s national context, we will coordinate planning for domestic and international energy and resources and promote advanced green and low-carbon technologies and practices. In the international response to climate change, we need to be prepared to both stand our ground and engage in cooperation, continue to increase China’s influence and voice on the world stage, and resolutely safeguard our development rights and interests.
——防范風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。處理好減污降碳和能源安全、產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈安全、糧食安全、群眾正常生活的關(guān)系，有效應(yīng)對(duì)綠色低碳轉(zhuǎn)型可能伴隨的經(jīng)濟(jì)、金融、社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，防止過度反應(yīng)，確保安全降碳。
Guarding against risks. The efforts to reduce pollution and carbon emissions must be balanced with the need to ensure the security of energy, industrial chains, supply chains, and food, as well as normal daily life. We need to respond appropriately to any economic, financial, and social risks that may arise during the green and low-carbon transformation to prevent any excessive response and ensure carbon emissions are reduced in a safe and secure way.
二、主要目標(biāo)
II. Main Objectives
到2025年，綠色低碳循環(huán)發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系初步形成，重點(diǎn)行業(yè)能源利用效率大幅提升。單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗比2020年下降13.5%；單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2020年下降18%；非化石能源消費(fèi)比重達(dá)到20%左右；森林覆蓋率達(dá)到24.1%，森林蓄積量達(dá)到180億立方米，為實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。
By 2025, China will have created an initial framework for a green, low-carbon and circular economy and greatly improved the energy efficiency of key industries. Energy consumption per unit of GDP will be lowered by 13.5% from the 2020 level; carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per unit of GDP will be lowered by 18% from the 2020 level; the share of non-fossil energy consumption will have reached around 20%; the forest coverage rate will have reached 24.1%, and the forest stock volume will have risen to 18 billion cubic meters. All the above will lay a solid foundation for carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality.
到2030年，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展全面綠色轉(zhuǎn)型取得顯著成效，重點(diǎn)耗能行業(yè)能源利用效率達(dá)到國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平。單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗大幅下降；單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降65%以上；非化石能源消費(fèi)比重達(dá)到25%左右，風(fēng)電、太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電總裝機(jī)容量達(dá)到12億千瓦以上；森林覆蓋率達(dá)到25%左右，森林蓄積量達(dá)到190億立方米，二氧化碳排放量達(dá)到峰值并實(shí)現(xiàn)穩(wěn)中有降。
By 2030, China will see significant accomplishments from the comprehensive green transformation in economic and social development, with energy efficiency in key energy-consuming industries reaching advanced international levels. Energy consumption per unit of GDP will have declined significantly; CO2 emissions per unit of GDP will have dropped by more than 65% compared with the 2005 level; the share of non-fossil energy consumption will have reached around 25%, with the total installed capacity of wind power and solar power reaching over 1200 gigawatts; the forest coverage rate will have reached about 25%, and the forest stock volume will have reached 19 billion cubic meters. CO2 emissions will reach peak and stabilization and then decline.
到2060年，綠色低碳循環(huán)發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系和清潔低碳安全高效的能源體系全面建立，能源利用效率達(dá)到國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平，非化石能源消費(fèi)比重達(dá)到80%以上，碳中和目標(biāo)順利實(shí)現(xiàn)，生態(tài)文明建設(shè)取得豐碩成果，開創(chuàng)人與自然和諧共生新境界。
By 2060, China will have fully established a green, low-carbon and circular economy and a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system. Energy efficiency will be at the advanced international level, and the share of non-fossil energy consumption will be over 80%. China will be carbon neutral, and it will have achieved fruitful results in ecological civilization and reached a new level of harmony between humanity and nature.
三、推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展全面綠色轉(zhuǎn)型
III. Promoting Comprehensive Green Transformation in Economic and Social Development
（三）強(qiáng)化綠色低碳發(fā)展規(guī)劃引領(lǐng)。將碳達(dá)峰、碳中和目標(biāo)要求全面融入經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中長(zhǎng)期規(guī)劃，強(qiáng)化國(guó)家發(fā)展規(guī)劃、國(guó)土空間規(guī)劃、專項(xiàng)規(guī)劃、區(qū)域規(guī)劃和地方各級(jí)規(guī)劃的支撐保障。加強(qiáng)各級(jí)各類規(guī)劃間銜接協(xié)調(diào)，確保各地區(qū)各領(lǐng)域落實(shí)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和的主要目標(biāo)、發(fā)展方向、重大政策、重大工程等協(xié)調(diào)一致。
3. Strengthening guidance in planning of green and low-carbon development. We will fully incorporate the objectives for carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality into the medium- and long-term plans for economic and social development, and we will reinforce the support and safeguards of national development plans, territorial spatial plans and sector-based plans, as well as plans at the regional and local level. We will enhance coordination between various categories and levels of plans to ensure that across all regions and sectors, carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality objectives, development directions, and major policies and projects are aligned and consistent.
（四）優(yōu)化綠色低碳發(fā)展區(qū)域布局。持續(xù)優(yōu)化重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、重大生產(chǎn)力和公共資源布局，構(gòu)建有利于碳達(dá)峰、碳中和的國(guó)土空間開發(fā)保護(hù)新格局。在京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展、長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展、粵港澳大灣區(qū)建設(shè)、長(zhǎng)三角一體化發(fā)展、黃河流域生態(tài)保護(hù)和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展等區(qū)域重大戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施中，強(qiáng)化綠色低碳發(fā)展導(dǎo)向和任務(wù)要求。
4. Optimizing plans for regional green and low-carbon development. We will continue to optimize the layout of major infrastructure, major production capacities, and public resources and create a new model of development and protection for territorial space that will help to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality. Stronger guidance and requirements on green and low-carbon development will be provided in the implementation of major regional development strategies, including the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt, the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, and the ecological conservation and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.
（五）加快形成綠色生產(chǎn)生活方式。大力推動(dòng)節(jié)能減排，全面推進(jìn)清潔生產(chǎn)，加快發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)，加強(qiáng)資源綜合利用，不斷提升綠色低碳發(fā)展水平。擴(kuò)大綠色低碳產(chǎn)品供給和消費(fèi)，倡導(dǎo)綠色低碳生活方式。把綠色低碳發(fā)展納入國(guó)民教育體系。開展綠色低碳社會(huì)行動(dòng)示范創(chuàng)建。凝聚全社會(huì)共識(shí)，加快形成全民參與的良好格局。
5. Accelerating the formation of green production modes and living patterns. In the endeavor to conserve energy and reduce emissions, we will promote clean production across the board, accelerate the development of a circular economy, and improve comprehensive resource utilization, so as to continuously enhance the level of green and low-carbon development. We will expand the supply and consumption of products and advocate living patterns that are green and low-carbon. We should incorporate green and low-carbon development into our national education system, and we will launch demonstration initiatives for a green and low-carbon society. We will build societal consensus and move quickly to create a system for facilitating full public participation.
四、深度調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)
IV. In-Depth Industrial Restructuring
（六）推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)。加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展，促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)固碳增效。制定能源、鋼鐵、有色金屬、石化化工、建材、交通、建筑等行業(yè)和領(lǐng)域碳達(dá)峰實(shí)施方案。以節(jié)能降碳為導(dǎo)向，修訂產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整指導(dǎo)目錄。開展鋼鐵、煤炭去產(chǎn)能“回頭看”，鞏固去產(chǎn)能成果。加快推進(jìn)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域低碳工藝革新和數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型。開展碳達(dá)峰試點(diǎn)園區(qū)建設(shè)。加快商貿(mào)流通、信息服務(wù)等綠色轉(zhuǎn)型，提升服務(wù)業(yè)低碳發(fā)展水平。
6. Optimizing and upgrading industrial structures. We will move faster to promote green agricultural development and improve carbon sequestration and efficiency in agriculture. We will create implementation plans for industries and fields including energy, steel, non-ferrous metals, petrochemicals, building materials, transportation and construction. Based on the goals of energy conservation and carbon reduction, we will revise the Catalog for Guiding Industry Restructuring. Authorities will be “l(fā)ooking back” to inspect steel and coal facilities that have cut overcapacity in order to consolidate achievements in this area. We will accelerate innovation in low-carbon industrial processes and the digital transformation of the industrial sector. We will launch the construction of demonstration zones for peaking carbon dioxide emissions. In fields such as goods distribution and information services, green transformations will be accelerated, and low-carbon development will be enhanced in the service sector.
（七）堅(jiān)決遏制高耗能高排放項(xiàng)目盲目發(fā)展。新建、擴(kuò)建鋼鐵、水泥、平板玻璃、電解鋁等高耗能高排放項(xiàng)目嚴(yán)格落實(shí)產(chǎn)能等量或減量置換，出臺(tái)煤電、石化、煤化工等產(chǎn)能控制政策。未納入國(guó)家有關(guān)領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃的，一律不得新建改擴(kuò)建煉油和新建乙烯、對(duì)二甲苯、煤制烯烴項(xiàng)目。合理控制煤制油氣產(chǎn)能規(guī)模。提升高耗能高排放項(xiàng)目能耗準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)能過剩分析預(yù)警和窗口指導(dǎo)。
7. Firmly curbing irrational expansion of energy-intensive and high-emission projects. Capacity substitutions must be strictly implemented at equal or reduced levels for new entries and expansion of energy-intensive and high-emission projects in areas such as steel, cement, flat glass, and electrolytic aluminum. We will introduce production capacity control policies for coal-fired power, petrochemical, and coal-based chemical industries. Oil refinery operations not listed in national industrial plans will be prohibited from engaging in new construction, reconstruction, or expansion, and unlisted ethylene, paraxylene, and coal-to-olefins projects will be banned from engaging in new construction. We will keep production capacity for coal-to-liquids and coal-to-gas at an appropriate scale, raise the energy-consumption access standards for energy-intensive and high-emission projects, and enhance analysis, early warnings, and window guidance for overcapacity.
（八）大力發(fā)展綠色低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)。加快發(fā)展新一代信息技術(shù)、生物技術(shù)、新能源、新材料、高端裝備、新能源汽車、綠色環(huán)保以及航空航天、海洋裝備等戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。建設(shè)綠色制造體系。推動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能、第五代移動(dòng)通信（5G）等新興技術(shù)與綠色低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)深度融合。
8. Vigorously developing green and low-carbon industries. We need to accelerate the development of strategic emerging industries in areas such as next-generation information technology, biotechnology, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, new energy vehicles, environmental protection, aerospace, and marine equipment. We will establish a green manufacturing system and embed the internet, big data, artificial intelligence, 5G, and other emerging technologies into green and low-carbon industries.
五、加快構(gòu)建清潔低碳安全高效能源體系
V. Accelerating the Development of a Clean, Low-Carbon, Safe and Efficient Energy System
（九）強(qiáng)化能源消費(fèi)強(qiáng)度和總量雙控。堅(jiān)持節(jié)能優(yōu)先的能源發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，嚴(yán)格控制能耗和二氧化碳排放強(qiáng)度，合理控制能源消費(fèi)總量，統(tǒng)籌建立二氧化碳排放總量控制制度。做好產(chǎn)業(yè)布局、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、節(jié)能審查與能耗雙控的銜接，對(duì)能耗強(qiáng)度下降目標(biāo)完成形勢(shì)嚴(yán)峻的地區(qū)實(shí)行項(xiàng)目緩批限批、能耗等量或減量替代。強(qiáng)化節(jié)能監(jiān)察和執(zhí)法，加強(qiáng)能耗及二氧化碳排放控制目標(biāo)分析預(yù)警，嚴(yán)格責(zé)任落實(shí)和評(píng)價(jià)考核。加強(qiáng)甲烷等非二氧化碳溫室氣體管控。
9. Strengthening dual-controls over energy intensity and gross energy consumption. Adhering to a conservation-first energy development strategy, we will strictly control energy consumption and CO2 emission intensity, appropriately control total energy consumption, and establish a system to control the total volume of CO2 emissions. We must ensure proper linkages among the spatial distribution of industries, structure adjustment, energy conservation audit, dual-controls over energy intensity and total energy consumption, so that regions in danger of missing energy intensity reduction targets will face delay or restriction of project approvals and introduce energy substitutions at equal or reduced levels. We will step up supervision and law enforcement of energy conservation, enhance analysis and early warning for energy consumption and CO2 emission control targets, and ensure strict responsibility implementation and performance evaluations. Controls over methane and other non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHGs) will also be strengthened.
（十）大幅提升能源利用效率。把節(jié)能貫穿于經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展全過程和各領(lǐng)域，持續(xù)深化工業(yè)、建筑、交通運(yùn)輸、公共機(jī)構(gòu)等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域節(jié)能，提升數(shù)據(jù)中心、新型通信等信息化基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施能效水平。健全能源管理體系，強(qiáng)化重點(diǎn)用能單位節(jié)能管理和目標(biāo)責(zé)任。瞄準(zhǔn)國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平，加快實(shí)施節(jié)能降碳改造升級(jí)，打造能效“領(lǐng)跑者”。
10. Significantly improving energy efficiency. Energy conservation must be a key feature of the entire process and all sectors of economic and social development. We must continue to improve energy conservation in key areas including industry, construction, transportation, and public institutions and enhance the energy efficiency of data centers, new communications, and other information infrastructure. We will improve the energy management system and strengthen management for major energy consumers and assign them stronger targets and responsibilities. To reach advanced international efficiency standards, we should accelerate energy conservation and carbon reduction retrofits and upgrades and work to cultivate leaders in energy efficiency.
（十一）嚴(yán)格控制化石能源消費(fèi)。加快煤炭減量步伐，“十四五”時(shí)期嚴(yán)控煤炭消費(fèi)增長(zhǎng)，“十五五”時(shí)期逐步減少。石油消費(fèi)“十五五”時(shí)期進(jìn)入峰值平臺(tái)期。統(tǒng)籌煤電發(fā)展和保供調(diào)峰，嚴(yán)控煤電裝機(jī)規(guī)模，加快現(xiàn)役煤電機(jī)組節(jié)能升級(jí)和靈活性改造。逐步減少直至禁止煤炭散燒。加快推進(jìn)頁(yè)巖氣、煤層氣、致密油氣等非常規(guī)油氣資源規(guī)模化開發(fā)。強(qiáng)化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管控，確保能源安全穩(wěn)定供應(yīng)和平穩(wěn)過渡。
11. Strictly controlling fossil fuel consumption. Coal consumption will be reduced at an accelerated pace. We will strictly limit the increase in coal consumption over the 14th Five-Year Plan period and phase it down in the 15th Five-Year Plan period, when petroleum consumption will reach its peak plateau. Coal-fired power will be developed in coordination with power supplies and peak shaving capacities, so as to strictly control coal-fired power generation projects. Upgrades and power flexibility retrofitting projects should be accelerated for existing coal power generators. The burning of bulk coal will be gradually phased out before the introduction of a complete ban. Scaled development of unconventional oil and gas resources such as shale gas, coal bed gas, and tight oil and gas will pick up pace. Risk management must be enhanced to ensure a stable and safe energy supply and a smooth transition.
（十二）積極發(fā)展非化石能源。實(shí)施可再生能源替代行動(dòng)，大力發(fā)展風(fēng)能、太陽(yáng)能、生物質(zhì)能、海洋能、地?zé)崮艿龋粩嗵岣叻腔茉聪M(fèi)比重。堅(jiān)持集中式與分布式并舉，優(yōu)先推動(dòng)風(fēng)能、太陽(yáng)能就地就近開發(fā)利用。因地制宜開發(fā)水能。積極安全有序發(fā)展核電。合理利用生物質(zhì)能。加快推進(jìn)抽水蓄能和新型儲(chǔ)能規(guī)模化應(yīng)用。統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)氫能“制儲(chǔ)輸用”全鏈條發(fā)展。構(gòu)建以新能源為主體的新型電力系統(tǒng)，提高電網(wǎng)對(duì)高比例可再生能源的消納和調(diào)控能力。
12. Actively developing non-fossil energy. We will carry out initiatives to substitute renewable energy for fossil fuels, vigorously develop wind, solar, biomass, marine, and geothermal energy sources among others, and continuously increase the share of non-fossil energy in total energy consumption. We will advocate both centralized and distributed energy production, while prioritizing local development and use of wind and solar power. We will develop hydro power according to local circumstances, actively develop nuclear power in a safe and orderly manner, and take appropriate steps to develop biomass energy. Faster moves must be made to scale up the use of pumped storage hydro power and other new forms of energy storage. We will coordinate the development of a complete hydrogen energy chain covering production, storage, transmission, and use. To develop new electric power systems based on new energy sources, we must boost the capacity of the power grid to uptake and accommodate a high proportion of renewable energy.
（十三）深化能源體制機(jī)制改革。全面推進(jìn)電力市場(chǎng)化改革，加快培育發(fā)展配售電環(huán)節(jié)獨(dú)立市場(chǎng)主體，完善中長(zhǎng)期市場(chǎng)、現(xiàn)貨市場(chǎng)和輔助服務(wù)市場(chǎng)銜接機(jī)制，擴(kuò)大市場(chǎng)化交易規(guī)模。推進(jìn)電網(wǎng)體制改革，明確以消納可再生能源為主的增量配電網(wǎng)、微電網(wǎng)和分布式電源的市場(chǎng)主體地位。加快形成以儲(chǔ)能和調(diào)峰能力為基礎(chǔ)支撐的新增電力裝機(jī)發(fā)展機(jī)制。完善電力等能源品種價(jià)格市場(chǎng)化形成機(jī)制。從有利于節(jié)能的角度深化電價(jià)改革，理順輸配電價(jià)結(jié)構(gòu)，全面放開競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性環(huán)節(jié)電價(jià)。推進(jìn)煤炭、油氣等市場(chǎng)化改革，加快完善能源統(tǒng)一市場(chǎng)。
13. Deepening reforms of energy systems and mechanisms. We will advance market-oriented reforms in the electric power sector across the board, accelerating the development of independent market entities in the distribution and sales fields and improving the linking mechanisms for medium- and long-term markets, spot markets, and ancillary services markets, so as to achieve an expansion in the scale of market transactions. We will advance reform of the power grid system and clarify the market entity positions of incremental distribution network, microgrids, and distributed power sources that mostly operate on renewable energy. We must accelerate the formation of a development mechanism for new power installations based on power storage and peak-shaving capacities. We will improve market pricing mechanisms for electricity and other energy types. We will carry out electricity price reforms with a view to promoting energy conservation, overhauling pricing structures for transmission and distribution, and lifting all pricing controls in competitive areas. Market reforms will be advanced in areas like coal, oil, and gas, and faster steps will be taken to improve the national unified energy market.
六、加快推進(jìn)低碳交通運(yùn)輸體系建設(shè)
VI. Accelerating the Construction of a Low-Carbon Transportation System
（十四）優(yōu)化交通運(yùn)輸結(jié)構(gòu)。加快建設(shè)綜合立體交通網(wǎng)，大力發(fā)展多式聯(lián)運(yùn)，提高鐵路、水路在綜合運(yùn)輸中的承運(yùn)比重，持續(xù)降低運(yùn)輸能耗和二氧化碳排放強(qiáng)度。優(yōu)化客運(yùn)組織，引導(dǎo)客運(yùn)企業(yè)規(guī)模化、集約化經(jīng)營(yíng)。加快發(fā)展綠色物流，整合運(yùn)輸資源，提高利用效率。
14. Improving the transportation structure. In an accelerated effort to put in place an integrated multi-dimensional transportation system, we will vigorously develop multimodal transportation and raise the proportion of rail and water transportation to achieve a sustained reduction in energy consumption and the CO2 emissions intensity in the transportation sector. The organization of passenger transportation should be improved, and passenger transportation enterprises should be guided toward larger-scale and more intensive operations. Green logistics will be developed more rapidly, and transportation resources should be integrated to ensure higher efficiency.
（十五）推廣節(jié)能低碳型交通工具。加快發(fā)展新能源和清潔能源車船，推廣智能交通，推進(jìn)鐵路電氣化改造，推動(dòng)加氫站建設(shè)，促進(jìn)船舶靠港使用岸電常態(tài)化。加快構(gòu)建便利高效、適度超前的充換電網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系。提高燃油車船能效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，健全交通運(yùn)輸裝備能效標(biāo)識(shí)制度，加快淘汰高耗能高排放老舊車船。
15. Encouraging the use of energy-conserving and low-carbon transportation vehicles. We need to develop new-energy and clean-energy vehicles and vessels more rapidly, promote intelligent transportation, move forward with the electrification of railways, push forward construction of hydrogen refueling stations, and make the use of onshore power as a routine practice for vessels approaching ports. We need to have an appropriate degree of forward planning as we move faster to build a convenient, efficient network of battery charging and swapping facilities. We need to raise energy efficiency standards for fossil fuel vehicles and vessels, improve the energy efficiency labeling system for transportation vehicles and equipment, and move faster to eliminate old, energy-intensive, and high-emission vehicles and vessels.
（十六）積極引導(dǎo)低碳出行。加快城市軌道交通、公交專用道、快速公交系統(tǒng)等大容量公共交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，加強(qiáng)自行車專用道和行人步道等城市慢行系統(tǒng)建設(shè)。綜合運(yùn)用法律、經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)、行政等多種手段，加大城市交通擁堵治理力度。
16. Encouraging low-carbon means of transportation. We need to accelerate the development of urban rail transit, bus lanes, bus rapid transit, and other forms of large-capacity public transportation and strengthen the development of bike lanes, pedestrian walkways, and other facilities for slow urban transportation systems. Legal, economic, technical, administrative, and other means will be comprehensively utilized to tackle urban traffic congestion.
七、提升城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)綠色低碳發(fā)展質(zhì)量
VII. Improving the Quality of Green and Low-Carbon Development of Urban and Rural Areas
（十七）推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)和管理模式低碳轉(zhuǎn)型。在城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃建設(shè)管理各環(huán)節(jié)全面落實(shí)綠色低碳要求。推動(dòng)城市組團(tuán)式發(fā)展，建設(shè)城市生態(tài)和通風(fēng)廊道，提升城市綠化水平。合理規(guī)劃城鎮(zhèn)建筑面積發(fā)展目標(biāo)，嚴(yán)格管控高能耗公共建筑建設(shè)。實(shí)施工程建設(shè)全過程綠色建造，健全建筑拆除管理制度，杜絕大拆大建。加快推進(jìn)綠色社區(qū)建設(shè)。結(jié)合實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)行動(dòng)，推進(jìn)縣城和農(nóng)村綠色低碳發(fā)展。
17. Promoting low-carbon transformation in urban and rural development and management mode. Green and low-carbon requirements must be applied to every link of urban and rural planning, development, and management. We will promote the development of city clusters, develop urban ecological corridors and ventilation channels, and promote afforestation in urban areas. The gross floor area for buildings in urban will be set at a reasonable level, and strict limits will be enforced on public buildings with high energy consumption. We need to ensure green building practices are applied throughout the construction process, improve the management system for the demolition of buildings, and avoid demolition and construction on a large scale. The development of green communities will be accelerated. In comprehensively advancing rural development initiatives, we need to promote the green and low-carbon development of county towns and rural areas.
（十八）大力發(fā)展節(jié)能低碳建筑。持續(xù)提高新建建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，加快推進(jìn)超低能耗、近零能耗、低碳建筑規(guī)模化發(fā)展。大力推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)既有建筑和市政基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施節(jié)能改造，提升建筑節(jié)能低碳水平。逐步開展建筑能耗限額管理，推行建筑能效測(cè)評(píng)標(biāo)識(shí)，開展建筑領(lǐng)域低碳發(fā)展績(jī)效評(píng)估。全面推廣綠色低碳建材，推動(dòng)建筑材料循環(huán)利用。發(fā)展綠色農(nóng)房。
18. Vigorously promoting energy-conserving and low-carbon buildings. We must continuously raise energy conservation standards for new buildings and accelerate the large-scale development of ultra-low energy, near-zero energy, and low-carbon buildings. We need to advance energy conservation retrofits of urban buildings and municipal infrastructure and ensure buildings consume less energy and emit less carbon. We will gradually introduce energy consumption caps as well as energy efficiency assessment and labeling for buildings, and we need to conduct low-carbon development assessments in the construction industry. We will comprehensively promote green and low-carbon building materials and promote the recycling of building materials. We will also encourage the development of green housing in rural areas.
（十九）加快優(yōu)化建筑用能結(jié)構(gòu)。深化可再生能源建筑應(yīng)用，加快推動(dòng)建筑用能電氣化和低碳化。開展建筑屋頂光伏行動(dòng)，大幅提高建筑采暖、生活熱水、炊事等電氣化普及率。在北方城鎮(zhèn)加快推進(jìn)熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)集中供暖，加快工業(yè)余熱供暖規(guī)模化發(fā)展，積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)核電余熱供暖，因地制宜推進(jìn)熱泵、燃?xì)狻⑸镔|(zhì)能、地?zé)崮艿惹鍧嵉吞脊┡?/span>
19. Moving faster to improve the energy consumption structure of buildings. The use of renewable energy in buildings will be promoted, and the conversion to electric and low-carbon energy in buildings should be accelerated. We will launch rooftop photovoltaic initiatives and greatly increase the electrification rate for heating in buildings, domestic water heating, and cooking. We will move more rapidly to advance combined heat and power (CHP) central heating in cities and towns in northern China and to promote the large-scale application of residual heat from industrial processes in heating systems, while taking active and prudent steps to promote heating produced through nuclear waste heat recovery. In addition, we need to advance clean and low-carbon forms of heating such as heat pumps, gas, biomass energy and geothermal energy in light of local conditions.
八、加強(qiáng)綠色低碳重大科技攻關(guān)和推廣應(yīng)用
VIII. Strengthening Research on Green and Low-Carbon Technologies and Promoting Their Application
（二十）強(qiáng)化基礎(chǔ)研究和前沿技術(shù)布局。制定科技支撐碳達(dá)峰、碳中和行動(dòng)方案，編制碳中和技術(shù)發(fā)展路線圖。采用“揭榜掛帥”機(jī)制，開展低碳零碳負(fù)碳和儲(chǔ)能新材料、新技術(shù)、新裝備攻關(guān)。加強(qiáng)氣候變化成因及影響、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳匯等基礎(chǔ)理論和方法研究。推進(jìn)高效率太陽(yáng)能電池、可再生能源制氫、可控核聚變、零碳工業(yè)流程再造等低碳前沿技術(shù)攻關(guān)。培育一批節(jié)能降碳和新能源技術(shù)產(chǎn)品研發(fā)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室、國(guó)家技術(shù)創(chuàng)新中心、重大科技創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)。建設(shè)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和人才體系，鼓勵(lì)高等學(xué)校增設(shè)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和相關(guān)學(xué)科專業(yè)。
20. Strengthening basic research and research on cutting-edge technologies. We will formulate an action plan to ensure science and technology better support our endeavor to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality and develop a technological roadmap to carbon neutrality. We will continue with the open competition mechanism to select the best candidates to lead research on low-carbon, zero-carbon and carbon-negative technologies and on new materials, technologies, and equipment for energy storage. We need to strengthen research on basic theories and methods concerning the cause and impact of climate change as well as on carbon sinks in ecosystems. We must work toward breakthroughs in cutting-edge low-carbon technologies such as high-efficiency solar batteries, hydrogen production from renewable energy sources, controlled nuclear fusion, and zero-carbon industrial process reengineering. We need to develop key national laboratories, national technological innovation centers, and major scientific and technological innovation platforms for the research and development of energy-saving, carbon-reducing, and new-energy technologies and products. We need to develop a talent pool for the task of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality and encourage universities and colleges to establish disciplines and majors relevant to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality.
（二十一）加快先進(jìn)適用技術(shù)研發(fā)和推廣。深入研究支撐風(fēng)電、太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電大規(guī)模友好并網(wǎng)的智能電網(wǎng)技術(shù)。加強(qiáng)電化學(xué)、壓縮空氣等新型儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)攻關(guān)、示范和產(chǎn)業(yè)化應(yīng)用。加強(qiáng)氫能生產(chǎn)、儲(chǔ)存、應(yīng)用關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研發(fā)、示范和規(guī)模化應(yīng)用。推廣園區(qū)能源梯級(jí)利用等節(jié)能低碳技術(shù)。推動(dòng)氣凝膠等新型材料研發(fā)應(yīng)用。推進(jìn)規(guī)模化碳捕集利用與封存技術(shù)研發(fā)、示范和產(chǎn)業(yè)化應(yīng)用。建立完善綠色低碳技術(shù)評(píng)估、交易體系和科技創(chuàng)新服務(wù)平臺(tái)。
21. Speeding up the research, development and dissemination of advanced and applicable technologies. We need to develop smart grid technologies that can support the smooth, large-scale integration of wind and solar power into the grid. We must strengthen research and industrial application of advanced energy storage technologies such as electrochemistry and compressed air energy storage. We also need to advance the research and large-scale application of key technologies for hydrogen production, storage, and application. We will promote energy-conserving and low-carbon technologies such as energy cascading utilization in industrial parks. The research and application of aerogel and other new materials will be strengthened. We will advance research, demonstration and industrial application of technologies of carbon capture, utilization and storage on a large scale. Steps should be taken to establish sound systems for the assessment and trading of green and low-carbon technologies as well as service platforms for scientific and technological innovation.
九、持續(xù)鞏固提升碳匯能力
IX. Continuing to Consolidate and Improving Carbon Sink Capacity
（二十二）鞏固生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳匯能力。強(qiáng)化國(guó)土空間規(guī)劃和用途管控，嚴(yán)守生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線，嚴(yán)控生態(tài)空間占用，穩(wěn)定現(xiàn)有森林、草原、濕地、海洋、土壤、凍土、巖溶等固碳作用。嚴(yán)格控制新增建設(shè)用地規(guī)模，推動(dòng)城鄉(xiāng)存量建設(shè)用地盤活利用。嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行土地使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，加強(qiáng)節(jié)約集約用地評(píng)價(jià)，推廣節(jié)地技術(shù)和節(jié)地模式。
22. Consolidating the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems. We must strengthen the planning and use regulation of territorial space, and we must strictly enforce ecological conservation red lines and control the appropriation of ecological space. We need to stabilize the carbon sequestration function of existing forests, grasslands, wetlands, seas, soils, permafrost, and karst areas. We will strictly control the scale of incremental construction land and put into use urban and rural land held in reserve for construction. We must ensure full enforcement of land-use rules, enhance evaluations of economical and intensive land use, and promote the application of land-saving techniques and modes of development.
（二十三）提升生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳匯增量。實(shí)施生態(tài)保護(hù)修復(fù)重大工程，開展山水林田湖草沙一體化保護(hù)和修復(fù)。深入推進(jìn)大規(guī)模國(guó)土綠化行動(dòng)，鞏固退耕還林還草成果，實(shí)施森林質(zhì)量精準(zhǔn)提升工程，持續(xù)增加森林面積和蓄積量。加強(qiáng)草原生態(tài)保護(hù)修復(fù)。強(qiáng)化濕地保護(hù)。整體推進(jìn)海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護(hù)和修復(fù)，提升紅樹林、海草床、鹽沼等固碳能力。開展耕地質(zhì)量提升行動(dòng)，實(shí)施國(guó)家黑土地保護(hù)工程，提升生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)碳匯。積極推動(dòng)巖溶碳匯開發(fā)利用。
23. Increasing the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems. We will implement major projects for protecting and restoring ecosystems and coordinate the protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands and sandy lands. We need to promote further large-scale afforestation and consolidate the achievements made in returning marginal farmlands to forests and grasslands. We will implement projects to make targeted improvements to forest quality and continue to increase forest area and stock volume. We will strengthen grassland ecological protection and restoration as well as wetland protection. We need to promote protection and restoration of marine ecosystems in a holistic way and improve the carbon sequestration capacity of mangroves, seagrass beds, and salt marshes. We will launch initiatives to improve the quality of cultivated land, carry out a conservation project for China’s chernozem soils, and increase the carbon sink capacity of ecological agriculture. We will promote the development and utilization of karst areas as carbon sinks.
十、提高對(duì)外開放綠色低碳發(fā)展水平
X. Promoting a Green and Low-Carbon Mode of Opening Up
（二十四）加快建立綠色貿(mào)易體系。持續(xù)優(yōu)化貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)，大力發(fā)展高質(zhì)量、高技術(shù)、高附加值綠色產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易。完善出口政策，嚴(yán)格管理高耗能高排放產(chǎn)品出口。積極擴(kuò)大綠色低碳產(chǎn)品、節(jié)能環(huán)保服務(wù)、環(huán)境服務(wù)等進(jìn)口。
24. Accelerating the development of a green trade system. As we continue to improve the composition of trade, we need to make great efforts to promote the trading of green products that are high-quality, high value-added, and technologically advanced. Our export policies will be improved to exercise strict regulation over exports of energy-intensive and high-emission products. We will expand imports of green and low-carbon products, environmental services, and services for energy conservation and environmental protection.
（二十五）推進(jìn)綠色“一帶一路”建設(shè)。加快“一帶一路”投資合作綠色轉(zhuǎn)型。支持共建“一帶一路”國(guó)家開展清潔能源開發(fā)利用。大力推動(dòng)南南合作，幫助發(fā)展中國(guó)家提高應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化能力。深化與各國(guó)在綠色技術(shù)、綠色裝備、綠色服務(wù)、綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)等方面的交流與合作，積極推動(dòng)我國(guó)新能源等綠色低碳技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品走出去，讓綠色成為共建“一帶一路”的底色。
25. Promoting the development of green Belt and Road. We will accelerate a green transformation in Belt and Road investment and cooperation practices and support the development and use of clean energy in participant countries. We will strive to promote South-South cooperation to help other developing countries better address climate change. We will deepen exchanges and cooperation with other countries on environment-friendly technology, equipment, services and infrastructure construction, actively encourage China’s new-energy and other green and low-carbon technologies and products to go global, and make green development a defining feature in the joint pursuit of the Belt and Road Initiative.
（二十六）加強(qiáng)國(guó)際交流與合作。積極參與應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化國(guó)際談判，堅(jiān)持我國(guó)發(fā)展中國(guó)家定位，堅(jiān)持共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任原則、公平原則和各自能力原則，維護(hù)我國(guó)發(fā)展權(quán)益。履行《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》及其《巴黎協(xié)定》，發(fā)布我國(guó)長(zhǎng)期溫室氣體低排放發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，積極參與國(guó)際規(guī)則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定，推動(dòng)建立公平合理、合作共贏的全球氣候治理體系。加強(qiáng)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化國(guó)際交流合作，統(tǒng)籌國(guó)內(nèi)外工作，主動(dòng)參與全球氣候和環(huán)境治理。
26. Strengthening international exchanges and cooperation. China will take an active part in international talks on climate change. As a developing country, China adheres to the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities, respective capabilities, and fairness and safeguards its development rights and interests. We will follow the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Paris Agreement and issue China’s Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy. We will actively participate in formulating international rules and standards and promote the establishment of a fair and rational system for global climate governance based on mutually beneficial cooperation. We will strengthen international exchanges and cooperation on climate change and coordinate our domestic and international efforts to play an active role in global climate and environmental governance.
十一、健全法律法規(guī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和統(tǒng)計(jì)監(jiān)測(cè)體系
XI. Improving Laws, Regulations, Standards and Statistical and Monitoring Systems
（二十七）健全法律法規(guī)。全面清理現(xiàn)行法律法規(guī)中與碳達(dá)峰、碳中和工作不相適應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，加強(qiáng)法律法規(guī)間的銜接協(xié)調(diào)。研究制定碳中和專項(xiàng)法律，抓緊修訂節(jié)約能源法、電力法、煤炭法、可再生能源法、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)促進(jìn)法等，增強(qiáng)相關(guān)法律法規(guī)的針對(duì)性和有效性。
27. Improving laws and regulations. We will remove the contents in existing laws and regulations that are incompatible with the task of carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality and strengthen integration and coordination between laws and regulations. In addition to conducting research on formulating a specific law on carbon neutrality, we also need to expedite the revision of the Energy Conservation Law, the Electric Power Law, the Coal Industry Law, the Renewable Energy Law, the Law on Promoting the Circular Economy, and other laws to make relevant laws and regulations more targeted and effective.
（二十八）完善標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)量體系。建立健全碳達(dá)峰、碳中和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)量體系。加快節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更新升級(jí)，抓緊修訂一批能耗限額、產(chǎn)品設(shè)備能效強(qiáng)制性國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和工程建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，提升重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)品能耗限額要求，擴(kuò)大能耗限額標(biāo)準(zhǔn)覆蓋范圍，完善能源核算、檢測(cè)認(rèn)證、評(píng)估、審計(jì)等配套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。加快完善地區(qū)、行業(yè)、企業(yè)、產(chǎn)品等碳排放核查核算報(bào)告標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，建立統(tǒng)一規(guī)范的碳核算體系。制定重點(diǎn)行業(yè)和產(chǎn)品溫室氣體排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，完善低碳產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)標(biāo)識(shí)制度。積極參與相關(guān)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定，加強(qiáng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)國(guó)際銜接。
28. Refining standard and measurement systems. We will improve standard and measurement systems for carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality. We will accelerate the upgrading of energy conservation standards and promptly revise a number of mandatory national standards for energy consumption caps, compulsory national standards for the energy efficiency of equipment and products, and project construction standards. We need to raise the bar for energy consumption caps for key products, broaden the scope of standards for energy consumption caps, and improve energy accounting, testing certification, evaluation, auditing, and other complementary standards. We will speed up efforts to improve carbon emissions verification, accounting and reporting standards for regions, industries, businesses, and products and establish a unified, well-regulated carbon accounting system. We need to formulate standards for GHG emissions for key industries and products and improve the standard and labeling system for low-carbon products. We will take an active part in formulating relevant international standards and ensure domestic standards are consistent with international ones.
（二十九）提升統(tǒng)計(jì)監(jiān)測(cè)能力。健全電力、鋼鐵、建筑等行業(yè)領(lǐng)域能耗統(tǒng)計(jì)監(jiān)測(cè)和計(jì)量體系，加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)用能單位能耗在線監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)建設(shè)。加強(qiáng)二氧化碳排放統(tǒng)計(jì)核算能力建設(shè)，提升信息化實(shí)測(cè)水平。依托和拓展自然資源調(diào)查監(jiān)測(cè)體系，建立生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳匯監(jiān)測(cè)核算體系，開展森林、草原、濕地、海洋、土壤、凍土、巖溶等碳匯本底調(diào)查和碳儲(chǔ)量評(píng)估，實(shí)施生態(tài)保護(hù)修復(fù)碳匯成效監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)估。
29. Enhancing statistical and monitoring capacity. We need to establish statistical, monitoring, and measurement systems for energy consumption in power generation, steel, construction, and other industries and sectors and further develop the online system for monitoring energy consumption by major consumers. We need to build our statistical and accounting capacity for CO2 emissions and enhance the quality of measurement through the use of information technology. Building on the natural resource survey and monitoring system, we will develop a system for ecosystem carbon sink monitoring and accounting, conduct background surveys on carbon sinks and assessments of carbon storage in forests, grasslands, wetlands, seas, soils, permafrost, and karst areas, and monitor and evaluate carbon sink capacities of protected and restored ecosystems.
十二、完善政策機(jī)制
XII. Improving Policy Mechanisms
（三十）完善投資政策。充分發(fā)揮政府投資引導(dǎo)作用，構(gòu)建與碳達(dá)峰、碳中和相適應(yīng)的投融資體系，嚴(yán)控煤電、鋼鐵、電解鋁、水泥、石化等高碳項(xiàng)目投資，加大對(duì)節(jié)能環(huán)保、新能源、低碳交通運(yùn)輸裝備和組織方式、碳捕集利用與封存等項(xiàng)目的支持力度。完善支持社會(huì)資本參與政策，激發(fā)市場(chǎng)主體綠色低碳投資活力。國(guó)有企業(yè)要加大綠色低碳投資，積極開展低碳零碳負(fù)碳技術(shù)研發(fā)應(yīng)用。
30. Improving investment policies. To give full play to the guiding role of government investment, we need to build investment and financing systems tailored to the goals of carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality. We will strictly control investment in high-carbon projects in areas such as coal-fired power, steel, electrolytic aluminum, cement, and petroleum chemicals production. We will increase support for projects concerning energy conservation and environment protection, new energy, low-carbon transportation modes and equipment, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage. We need to improve policies for encouraging the participation of nongovernmental capital and motivate market entities to invest in green and low-carbon solutions. State-owned enterprises will scale up green and low-carbon investment and work actively to research, develop, and practically apply low-carbon, zero-carbon, and carbon-negative technologies.
（三十一）積極發(fā)展綠色金融。有序推進(jìn)綠色低碳金融產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)開發(fā)，設(shè)立碳減排貨幣政策工具，將綠色信貸納入宏觀審慎評(píng)估框架，引導(dǎo)銀行等金融機(jī)構(gòu)為綠色低碳項(xiàng)目提供長(zhǎng)期限、低成本資金。鼓勵(lì)開發(fā)性政策性金融機(jī)構(gòu)按照市場(chǎng)化法治化原則為實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和提供長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定融資支持。支持符合條件的企業(yè)上市融資和再融資用于綠色低碳項(xiàng)目建設(shè)運(yùn)營(yíng)，擴(kuò)大綠色債券規(guī)模。研究設(shè)立國(guó)家低碳轉(zhuǎn)型基金。鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)資本設(shè)立綠色低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)投資基金。建立健全綠色金融標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系。
31. Actively developing green finance. We need to promote the development of green and low-carbon financial products and services in an orderly manner. We will develop monetary policy tools to support carbon emission reduction. The green credit initiative should be included in the macro-prudential evaluation framework, and guidance will be given to banks and other financial institutions on providing long-term, low-cost capital to green and low-carbon projects. We need to encourage development and policy-backed financial institutions to provide continued long-term funding support for the goals of carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality through market-oriented and law-based means. We will support qualified enterprises in going public and refinancing for the purpose of developing and running green and low-carbon projects, and we will increase green bonds. We need to carry out exploratory work on establishing a national fund for low-carbon transformation. Nongovernmental capital will be encouraged to set up green and low-carbon industrial investment funds. We will establish a sound system of standards for green finance.
（三十二）完善財(cái)稅價(jià)格政策。各級(jí)財(cái)政要加大對(duì)綠色低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、技術(shù)研發(fā)等的支持力度。完善政府綠色采購(gòu)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，加大綠色低碳產(chǎn)品采購(gòu)力度。落實(shí)環(huán)境保護(hù)、節(jié)能節(jié)水、新能源和清潔能源車船稅收優(yōu)惠。研究碳減排相關(guān)稅收政策。建立健全促進(jìn)可再生能源規(guī)模化發(fā)展的價(jià)格機(jī)制。完善差別化電價(jià)、分時(shí)電價(jià)和居民階梯電價(jià)政策。嚴(yán)禁對(duì)高耗能、高排放、資源型行業(yè)實(shí)施電價(jià)優(yōu)惠。加快推進(jìn)供熱計(jì)量改革和按供熱量收費(fèi)。加快形成具有合理約束力的碳價(jià)機(jī)制。
32. Improving fiscal, tax and pricing policies. All levels of government must step up support for the development of green and low-carbon industries and their technological R&D efforts. We will refine the standards for green government procurement and step up procurement of green and low-carbon products. We will implement preferential tax policies for environment protection, energy and water conservation, new energy, and clean-energy vehicles and vessels. We will conduct research on formulating tax policies to support carbon emission reduction. We need to improve sound pricing mechanisms for promoting the large-scale development of renewable energy. We need to improve policies on differentiated electricity charges, time-of-use electricity pricing, and tiered pricing for household electricity consumption. Preferential electricity pricing must not be offered to energy-intensive, emission-intensive, or resource-consuming industries. We need to accelerate reforms on heat metering to promote metered charging based on usage. We need to speed up efforts to set up a rational binding mechanism for carbon pricing.
（三十三）推進(jìn)市場(chǎng)化機(jī)制建設(shè)。依托公共資源交易平臺(tái)，加快建設(shè)完善全國(guó)碳排放權(quán)交易市場(chǎng)，逐步擴(kuò)大市場(chǎng)覆蓋范圍，豐富交易品種和交易方式，完善配額分配管理。將碳匯交易納入全國(guó)碳排放權(quán)交易市場(chǎng)，建立健全能夠體現(xiàn)碳匯價(jià)值的生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制。健全企業(yè)、金融機(jī)構(gòu)等碳排放報(bào)告和信息披露制度。完善用能權(quán)有償使用和交易制度，加快建設(shè)全國(guó)用能權(quán)交易市場(chǎng)。加強(qiáng)電力交易、用能權(quán)交易和碳排放權(quán)交易的統(tǒng)籌銜接。發(fā)展市場(chǎng)化節(jié)能方式，推行合同能源管理，推廣節(jié)能綜合服務(wù)。
33. Developing market-based mechanisms. Relying on trading platforms for public resources, we need to accelerate the development of the national market for trading carbon emission permits by gradually expanding its coverage, diversifying trading types and means, and improving the allocation and management of allowances. Carbon sink trading will be incorporated into the national carbon market, and an ecological compensation mechanism that reflects the value of carbon sinks will be established. The carbon emission reporting and information disclosure systems for enterprises and financial institutions need to be improved. We need to improve the systems for the paid use and trade of energy consumption permits and speed up the development of a national market for such permits. We need to better coordinate and align the trading of electricity, energy consumption permits, and carbon emission permits. We need to develop market-based means for energy conservation, carry out contracted energy management, and promote comprehensive energy conservation services.
十三、切實(shí)加強(qiáng)組織實(shí)施
XIII. Strengthening Organization and Implementation
（三十四）加強(qiáng)組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。加強(qiáng)黨中央對(duì)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和工作的集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，碳達(dá)峰碳中和工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組指導(dǎo)和統(tǒng)籌做好碳達(dá)峰、碳中和工作。支持有條件的地方和重點(diǎn)行業(yè)、重點(diǎn)企業(yè)率先實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰，組織開展碳達(dá)峰、碳中和先行示范，探索有效模式和有益經(jīng)驗(yàn)。將碳達(dá)峰、碳中和作為干部教育培訓(xùn)體系重要內(nèi)容，增強(qiáng)各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部推動(dòng)綠色低碳發(fā)展的本領(lǐng)。
34. Strengthening organization and leadership. The CPC Central Committee will strengthen its centralized, unified leadership over the efforts to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality, and the Leading Group on Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality will guide and coordinate these efforts. We will support localities with the favorable conditions, key industries and key enterprises in taking the lead in carbon dioxide peaking, and we will organize and carry out demonstrations on carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality as a way to develop effective methods and useful practices. Carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality will be an important part of the officials education and training system to strengthen the ability of officials at all levels to effectively promote green and low-carbon development.
（三十五）強(qiáng)化統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)。國(guó)家發(fā)展改革委要加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)籌，組織落實(shí)2030年前碳達(dá)峰行動(dòng)方案，加強(qiáng)碳中和工作謀劃，定期調(diào)度各地區(qū)各有關(guān)部門落實(shí)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和目標(biāo)任務(wù)進(jìn)展情況，加強(qiáng)跟蹤評(píng)估和督促檢查，協(xié)調(diào)解決實(shí)施中遇到的重大問題。各有關(guān)部門要加強(qiáng)協(xié)調(diào)配合，形成工作合力，確保政策取向一致、步驟力度銜接。
35. Strengthening overall coordination. To strengthen overall coordination, the National Development and Reform Commission will work with local authorities and relevant government departments to organize the implementation of the Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030. It will ensure alignment between the work progress of all localities and relevant departments on a regular basis, strengthening tracking, evaluations, supervision, and inspections and coordinating efforts to resolve major issues during implementation. Relevant departments must increase coordination and cooperation, foster strong synergies, and ensure policies are consistent in direction and their implementation is well-aligned.
（三十六）壓實(shí)地方責(zé)任。落實(shí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部生態(tài)文明建設(shè)責(zé)任制，地方各級(jí)黨委和政府要堅(jiān)決扛起碳達(dá)峰、碳中和責(zé)任，明確目標(biāo)任務(wù)，制定落實(shí)舉措，自覺為實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和作出貢獻(xiàn)。
36. Reinforcing local responsibility. As per the leading official responsibility system for promoting ecological civilization, local CPC committees and governments at all levels must resolutely shoulder their responsibilities concerning carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality. They must set clear goals and tasks, formulate implementation measures, and consciously contribute to the endeavor to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality.
（三十七）嚴(yán)格監(jiān)督考核。各地區(qū)要將碳達(dá)峰、碳中和相關(guān)指標(biāo)納入經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系，增加考核權(quán)重，加強(qiáng)指標(biāo)約束。強(qiáng)化碳達(dá)峰、碳中和目標(biāo)任務(wù)落實(shí)情況考核，對(duì)工作突出的地區(qū)、單位和個(gè)人按規(guī)定給予表彰獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，對(duì)未完成目標(biāo)任務(wù)的地區(qū)、部門依規(guī)依法實(shí)行通報(bào)批評(píng)和約談問責(zé)，有關(guān)落實(shí)情況納入中央生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)督察。各地區(qū)各有關(guān)部門貫徹落實(shí)情況每年向黨中央、國(guó)務(wù)院報(bào)告。
37. Tightening oversight and assessment. All local authorities must build targets for carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality and incorporate them into their comprehensive assessment systems for economic and social development, assign them greater weight in assessments, and make them more binding. Performance assessments for goals and tasks related to carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality must be strengthened, with outstanding regions, organizations, and individuals to be duly rewarded and commended and regions and departments that fail to accomplish their goals and tasks to be criticized by means of circular, called in for talks and held accountable in accordance with laws and regulations. The implementation shall be subject to the Central Inspections on Environmental Protection. All local authorities and relevant departments must annually submit implementation reports to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council.
