在慶祝西藏和平解放70周年大會上的講話
Speech at the Meeting Celebrating the 70th Anniversary of the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet
汪洋 Wang Yang
2021年8月19日，拉薩
Lhasa, 19 August 2021
同志們，朋友們：
Comrades and Friends,
在舉國歡慶中國共產黨百年華誕之際，我們迎來了西藏和平解放70周年。上個月，中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習近平親臨西藏考察，充分肯定西藏和平解放70年來的發展成就，為各族干部群眾帶來親切關懷和美好祝福。今天，中央代表團帶著黨中央和習近平總書記的重托、帶著全國人民的深情厚誼，與西藏各族人民一道隆重慶祝西藏和平解放70周年。首先，我代表中共中央、全國人大常委會、國務院、全國政協、中央軍委，向西藏自治區表示熱烈祝賀！向西藏各族干部群眾致以親切問候！向長期以來關心和支持西藏發展進步的各界人士表示衷心感謝！
Amid celebrations of the centenary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) across the country, we are marking the 70th anniversary of the peaceful liberation of Tibet. Last month, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of China and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, came to Tibet on an inspection tour. He hailed Tibet’s development achievements in the past seven decades since its peaceful liberation, and brought warm regards and best wishes to officials and people of all ethnic groups in the region. Today, entrusted by the CPC Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping, the central government delegation has come to Tibet, bringing to you warm greetings of people across the country. We are here to jointly celebrate with people of all ethnic groups in Tibet the 70th anniversary of the peaceful liberation of Tibet. At the outset, on behalf of the CPC Central Committee, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, the State Council, the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and the Central Military Commission, I wish to extend warm congratulations to the Tibet Autonomous Region, extend greetings to officials and people of all ethnic groups in Tibet, and express heartfelt thanks to people from various sectors who have long cared about and supported Tibet in pursuing development and progress.
1951年西藏和平解放，是中國人民解放事業和祖國統一事業的重大勝利，是西藏具有劃時代意義的歷史轉折。從此，西藏走上了由黑暗到光明、由落后到進步、由貧窮到富裕、由專制到民主、由封閉到開放的康莊大道，一個欣欣向榮的社會主義新西藏巍然屹立在世界之巔！
The peaceful liberation of Tibet in 1951 was a major victory in the cause of liberation of the Chinese people and China’s reunification. It marked a historic transition with epoch-making significance for Tibet. Since then, Tibet has embarked on a path from darkness to brightness, from backwardness to progress, from poverty to prosperity, from autocracy to democracy, and from closeness to openness. A thriving socialist new Tibet is standing tall and firm at the rooftop of the world.
70年來，西藏社會制度實現歷史性跨越。舊西藏實行反動野蠻的封建農奴制，人分三等九級，下等農奴毫無人權和尊嚴。我們徹底驅逐帝國主義勢力，掀起波瀾壯闊的民主改革，結束政教合一、神權控制政權的歷史，建立人民民主政權。翻身做主的百萬農奴歡呼：“貴族的太陽落下去了，我們的太陽升上來了?！彪S著社會主義制度和民族區域自治制度的實行，西藏各族人民平等參與管理國家事務和自主管理本地區事務的權利得到充分保障。目前，西藏各級人大代表超過3.5萬名、政協委員超過8000名，90%是少數民族。
The past seven decades have seen a historic transition in Tibet’s social system. In the old Tibet, the reactionary and barbarous feudal serfdom was practiced under which people were divided into three classes, with each class further divided into three ranks. Lower-class serfs had no human rights or dignity to speak of. We drove out all the imperialist forces and carried out sweeping democratic reform, separated religion from political powers and ended theocracy, and we established the people’s democratic government. Several million serfs rose and held their future in their own hands. They cheered: “The sun of the aristocrats has set, and our sun has risen.” With the establishment of socialist system and regional ethnic autonomy, the rights of people of all ethnic groups in Tibet to equal participation in the governance of state affairs and to administration of affairs of the autonomous region are fully ensured. At present, Tibet has over 35,000 deputies of people’s congresses and over 8,000 CPPCC members at various levels, 90 percent of who are ethnic minorities.
70年來，西藏經濟發展取得歷史性成就。舊西藏農牧業靠天吃飯，工業一片空白，從西寧到拉薩往返一次需要半年以上。1951年西藏地區生產總值僅為1.3億元，2020年已突破1900億元。今天的西藏，糧食年產量穩定在100萬噸以上，高原特色農牧業、綠色工業、清潔能源和現代服務業蓬勃發展，“十三五”時期接待游客近1.6億人次?；A設施四通八達，“復興號”在雪山環抱間飛馳，建制村村村通公路，140條航線聯通國內外，4G網絡覆蓋每一個村莊，阿里與藏中電網聯網工程穿越平均海拔4500米的崇山峻嶺，讓西藏整體告別了缺電少電的歷史。古老神奇的雪域高原一派萬象更新的喜人景象。
The past seven decades have seen historic achievements in Tibet’s economic development. In the old days, agriculture and livestock in Tibet were at the mercy of nature; industry was non-existent; and a round trip between Xining and Lhasa would take more than six months. In 1951, the GDP in Tibet was merely RMB130 million yuan, while the figure soared past RMB190 billion yuan in 2020. Today, Tibet’s annual grain output has been above one million tons for years. Its agricultural and livestock sectors with distinctive features of the plateau, green industry, clean energy and modern services are flourishing. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, Tibet hosted close to 160 million tourist visits. The autonomous region now has well-connected infrastructure, with Fuxing bullet trains speeding past snow-capped mountains. Every administrative village is linked by roads, and 140 flights connect Tibet with the rest of the country and the world. All villages in Tibet are now covered by 4G network. The Ngari-Central Tibet power interconnection project, crossing mountains at an average altitude of 4,500 meters, ended Tibet’s lack of electricity once and for all. Across this ancient and snowy plateau of unique appeal, everywhere there is a scene of brimming vitality.
70年來，西藏人民生活發生歷史性變化。舊西藏90%以上的人過著衣不蔽體、食不果腹的生活，文盲率高達95%。今天的西藏，各族群眾不愁吃、不愁穿，人均住房面積近40平方米，15年公費教育全面實現，長期存在的輟學問題歷史性“清零”，包蟲病、大骨節病、先天性心臟病等地方病得到歷史性消除和防治，人均預期壽命由1951年的35.5歲增加到71.1歲，老百姓的生活品質日益提高。從金沙江邊到獅泉河畔，從雅江谷地到藏北高原，幸福的歌聲傳遍西藏每一片土地。
The past seven decades have seen historic changes in the lives of the people in Tibet. In the old Tibet, over 90 percent of Tibetans struggled for subsistence, and up to 95 percent were illiterate. Today, hunger and poverty is a thing of the past for people of all ethnic groups in Tibet, and per capita living space in Tibet is close to 40 square meters. The 15-year public-funded education is conducted across the region, ending the long-standing issue of school drop-out. Endemics such as hydatid disease, Kashin-Beck disease and congenital heart disease have been eradicated and prevented for the first time in history. The average life expectancy has risen from 35.5 years in 1951 to 71.1 years. People’s lives are steadily improving. From the Jinsha River to the Shiquan River, from the Yarlung Zangbo Valley to the northern Tibetan Plateau, people everywhere in Tibet sing in praise of their happy life.
70年來，西藏民族團結呈現歷史性進步。我們堅持走中國特色解決民族問題的正確道路，消除舊社會的民族歧視、民族隔閡，挫敗達賴集團和境外敵對勢力的分裂破壞活動，促進各民族共同團結奮斗、共同繁榮發展。國家投入巨大人力物力財力弘揚和發展西藏優秀傳統文化，藏語言文字得到廣泛使用，《格薩爾王傳》等珍貴典籍得到搶救整理，唐卡、藏戲、藏醫藥等近800個項目列入非物質文化遺產。各族群眾的宗教信仰得到充分尊重，全區1700多座寺廟實現水電、網絡、消防等設施全覆蓋，4.6萬僧尼都享受了政府社保，布達拉宮、大昭寺等寺廟古跡得到修繕保護。今天的西藏，宗教和順、社會和諧、民族和睦，各族人民“相親相愛，猶如茶和鹽巴”，中華民族大家庭其樂融融。
The past seven decades have seen historic progress in ethnic unity in Tibet. We have followed a sound policy with distinctive Chinese features of addressing ethnic issues. We have ended ethnic discrimination and estrangement prevalent in the old society, crushed separatist and sabotage activities committed by the Dalai group and hostile external forces, and promoted common development and prosperity of all ethnic groups through joint efforts. The central government has invested huge manpower, resources and funding to preserve and develop Tibet’s fine traditional culture. The Tibetan language is used extensively. Precious classics such as Epic of King Gesar were saved and collated. Close to 800 projects including thangka, Tibetan opera and Tibetan medicine have been placed on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. Religious beliefs of all ethnic groups are fully respected. More than 1,700 temples in Tibet have full access to water, electricity, the Internet, firefighting and other facilities. All of the 46,000 monks and nuns are covered by the government’s social security scheme. The Potala Palace, the Jokhang Temple and other temples and sites have been renovated and are under protection. Today’s Tibet enjoys freedom of religious belief, social harmony and ethnic amity. People of all ethnic groups are “as close to one another as tea and salt” which go together in Tibetan butter tea, and all members of the great family of the Chinese nation live in contentment and happiness.
黨的十八大以來，西藏步入發展最好、變化最大、群眾得實惠最多的新時代。經濟年均增速位居全國三甲，農村居民人均可支配收入增速連續多年位居全國第一，城鎮化率上升13個百分點。西藏曾經是全國唯一省級集中連片特困地區，貧困程度最深、扶貧成本最高、脫貧難度最大。經過堅持不懈的努力，62.8萬貧困人口全部脫貧，26.6萬人從山高地遠的苦寒之地搬遷到河谷城鎮安居樂業，西藏與全國一道如期全面建成小康社會。
Since the 18th CPC National Congress, Tibet has entered a new era, an era in which greater development and bigger changes have been made and more benefits delivered to the people than in the past. The region ranks among the top three in China in terms of annual average growth rate, and it has topped the country in terms of growth of per capita disposable income of rural residents for many years, and the urbanization rate has increased by 13 percentage points. Tibet was once the only place in China which had contiguous poor areas at the provincial level. Its poverty was most severe, the cost of poverty eradication was the highest and the difficulty encountered was the greatest. However, thanks to unremitting efforts, 628,000 people from inhospitable mountainous and remote areas in Tibet have been lifted out of poverty, and 266,000 were relocated to new homes in valley townships and embarked on new lives. Together with the rest of the country, Tibet has, as envisaged, finished the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
西藏和平解放70年的輝煌成就，創造了改天換地的人間奇跡，是黨中央堅強領導的結果，是西藏各族干部群眾頑強拼搏的結果，也是全國人民大力支持的結果。長期以來，西藏各族人民像格桑花一樣扎根雪域邊陲，胼手胝足、團結奮斗，守護神圣國土、建設幸福家園。成千上萬的干部人才響應黨的號召，支援西藏建設，以戰天斗地的豪情壯志，留下了感天動地的光輝事跡。你們的汗水和成就匯入了偉大祖國發展進步的歷史洪流，你們的奮斗和貢獻永遠鐫刻在共和國的歷史豐碑上！此時此刻，我們深切緬懷為西藏革命、建設、改革事業，為保衛和建設祖國邊疆奉獻青春乃至生命的先烈和英雄們，他們的豐功偉績和崇高風范永垂青史！
We owe the great achievements and the miracle of epoch-making transformation made in Tibet over the past seven decades since its peaceful liberation to the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee, the indomitable spirit of officials and people of all ethnic groups in Tibet, and the tremendous support given by people across the country. Over the years, people of all ethnic groups in Tibet, like the galsang flower that bloom in the snowy plateau, have struck roots in the region and dedicated themselves to its development. With unity and hard work, they have safeguarded our sacred land and built up their homeland. Tens of thousands of officials and professionals across the country have responded to the call of the CPC and come to assist in Tibet’s development, worked with heroic determination and left behind touching stories of their glorious accomplishments. What you have achieved with your dedication here in Tibet has become a part of our great motherland’s historic achievement, and your endeavors and contributions will forever be remembered by the People’s Republic. At this very moment, we cherish a profound memory of the martyrs and heroes who have contributed their youth and even given their lives for the revolution, development and reform of Tibet and for the defense and development of the borderland of our country. Their great contributions and noble character will go down in the annals of history.
同志們、朋友們！
Comrades and friends,
當今世界正經歷百年未有之大變局，我國正處于實現中華民族偉大復興的關鍵時期，全面建設社會主義現代化國家新征程已經開啟，西藏經濟社會發展也站在新的歷史起點上。我們要堅持以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，增強“四個意識”、堅定“四個自信”、做到“兩個維護”，深入學習習近平總書記在中央第七次西藏工作座談會上的重要講話精神和在西藏考察時的重要指示精神，全面貫徹新時代黨的治藏方略，認真落實黨中央決策部署，奮力譜寫雪域高原長治久安和高質量發展新篇章。
The world today is undergoing changes never seen in a century, and China has reached a crucial stage in its endeavor to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We have embarked on a new journey of fully building a modern socialist country, and Tibet has reached a new historical starting point in pursuing its economic and social development. We should unswervingly follow Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as our guide, strengthen our consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core and keep in alignment, enhance confidence in the path, theory, system and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and uphold General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position in both the Party Central Committee and the Party as a whole as well as the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. We should gain a thorough understanding of the important speech made by General Secretary Xi Jinping at the seventh Central Working Conference on Tibet and the important instructions he made during his inspection tour in Tibet, fully implement the guidelines of the CPC for governing Tibet in the new era, fully implement the decisions of the CPC Central Committee, and make new advances in achieving durable stability and high-quality development in Tibet.
——要始終堅持黨的領導，堅定不移走中國特色社會主義道路。沒有共產黨就沒有新中國，就沒有新西藏；只有堅持黨的領導，走社會主義道路，才能發展西藏、繁榮西藏，這是被70年發展歷程證明的真理。要深入學習貫徹習近平總書記“七一”重要講話精神，從黨的百年奮斗征程中深刻感悟黨的領導是歷史和人民的選擇，深刻感悟今天的幸福生活從哪里來、誰在為各族群眾過上好日子不懈奮斗，以史為鑒、明理增信，不斷堅定聽黨話、跟黨走的思想自覺和行動自覺。
– We should always follow the leadership of the CPC and march steadily on the path of building socialism with distinctive Chinese features. Without the CPC, there would not be New China and there would not be new Tibet. Only by following the CPC leadership and pursuing the path of socialism, can Tibet achieve development and prosperity. This conclusion has been borne out by Tibet’s development over the past seven decades. We should gain an in-depth understanding of the important speech delivered by General Secretary Xi Jinping at the rally marking the centenary of the CPC. We should keep in mind the extraordinary 100-year journey of the CPC and keenly appreciate the fact that the CPC leadership is the choice of history and of the people; and we should never forget where our happy life today comes from and who are making unremitting efforts to deliver even better lives for Chinese people of all ethnic groups. We should draw inspiration from the history of the CPC, boost our confidence, and follow the CPC leadership with an even greater sense of purpose in thinking and action.
——要鞏固發展西藏和諧穩定的良好局面，確保國家安全和邊疆穩固。西藏社會大局持續穩定向好，成績來之不易，必須倍加珍惜。要準確把握西藏工作的階段性特征，加強和創新社會治理，緊緊依靠各族干部群眾筑牢反分裂斗爭的銅墻鐵壁。要堅持我國宗教中國化方向，積極引導藏傳佛教與社會主義社會相適應，團結宗教界人士和信教群眾為維護國家安全和社會和諧貢獻力量。西藏70年發展歷程證明，團結穩定是福，分裂動亂是禍。任何外部勢力都沒有資格對西藏事務指手畫腳，任何分裂西藏的圖謀和伎倆都將以失敗而告終。
– We should enhance harmony and stability in Tibet and ensure national security and stability in the border areas. Tibet now enjoys continued social stability: this is an achievement which has not come easily and must be all the more cherished. We should have a keen appreciation of the distinctive features of Tibet-related work at this stage, strengthen social governance and explore new ways of conducting it, and mobilize officials and the general public of all ethnic groups to forge an ironclad defense against separatist activities. We should see that religions in China are Chinese in orientation and guide Tibetan Buddhism in adapting itself to socialist society. And we should rally religious figures and believers around us in a joint effort to safeguard national security and social harmony. Tibet’s development over the past seven decades demonstrates that unity and stability is a blessing, whereas separatist activities and chaos can only lead to disaster. No one outside China has the right to point fingers at us when it comes to Tibetan affairs. Any attempt or maneuver designed to separate Tibet from China is doomed to fail.
——要以鑄牢中華民族共同體意識為主線，推進民族團結進步事業。中華民族是個大家庭，家和萬事興。只有鑄牢中華民族共同體意識，各民族心往一處想、勁往一處使，才能匯聚起實現中華民族偉大復興的磅礴力量。要堅持把民族團結進步宣傳教育與社會主義核心價值觀教育、愛國主義教育、反分裂斗爭教育、新舊西藏對比教育和馬克思主義國家觀、歷史觀、民族觀、文化觀、宗教觀教育結合起來，不斷增強各族群眾對偉大祖國、中華民族、中華文化、中國共產黨、中國特色社會主義的認同，打牢民族團結的思想基礎。文化認同是民族團結的根脈，中華文化始終是西藏各民族的情感紐帶、心靈歸屬。要全面加強國家通用語言文字教育，樹立各民族共享的中華文化符號和中華民族形象，構建中華民族共有精神家園。要傳承保護西藏優秀傳統文化，推動創造性轉化和創新性發展。
– We should foster a strong sense of the Chinese nation as one community and advance ethnic unity and progress. The Chinese nation is one big family; harmony in this big family of ours brings prosperity. Only when we foster a strong sense of community of the Chinese nation and when all ethnic groups work together in unison with the same purpose in mind, can we create a mighty force to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Efforts to raise public awareness of ethnic unity and progress should go hand in hand with efforts to raise awareness of core socialist values, of patriotism, of struggle against separatist activities, of contrast between old and new Tibet, and of the Marxist views of country, history, ethnicity, culture and religion. Such efforts will enable people of all ethnic groups to strengthen their faith in our great motherland, the Chinese nation, the Chinese culture, the CPC and socialism with Chinese characteristics, thus solidifying the cultural foundation for ethnic unity. A shared cultural identity underpins ethnic unity. The Chinese culture has always been a bond that fosters a sense of togetherness and belonging among people of all ethnic groups in Tibet. All-round efforts should continue to be made to teach standard spoken and written Chinese language. We should foster and share Chinese cultural symbols and images of the Chinese nation among all ethnic groups, and thus create a source of inspiration for the entire Chinese nation. We should protect and keep alive the fine traditional culture in Tibet and promote its creative evolution and development.
——要堅持以人民為中心的發展思想，推動經濟社會高質量發展。發展是促進共同富裕、實現長治久安的基礎，西藏的所有發展都要賦予民族團結進步的意義，都要賦予改善民生、凝聚人心的意義，都要有利于提升各族群眾的獲得感、幸福感、安全感。要完整、準確、全面貫徹新發展理念，服務和融入新發展格局，走出一條符合西藏實際的高質量發展之路。要鞏固脫貧成果，全面推進鄉村振興，深入實施興邊富民行動，把民生實事一件一件辦好，讓各族群眾的獲得感成色更足、幸福感更可持續、安全感更有保障。黨中央對西藏發展的投入和支持只會增加、不會減少。只要把中央關懷、全國支持同自力更生、艱苦奮斗有機結合起來，西藏與全國共同邁向全面現代化必定能夠實現！
– We should follow a people-centered development philosophy, and promote high-quality economic and social development. Development is the foundation for achieving common prosperity and long-term stability. All development endeavors in Tibet should promote ethnic unity and progress, improve people’s livelihood and win people’s support. All development endeavors in Tibet should help increase the sense of fulfillment, happiness and security of people from various ethnic groups. We should fully, faithfully and comprehensively implement the new development philosophy, see that the development of Tibet serves and becomes an integral part of the country’s new development paradigm, and explore a path of high-quality development that suits Tibet’s reality. We should build on the success of poverty alleviation, advance rural development in all aspects, and carry out initiatives to develop border areas and make lives better for border residents. We should address each and every issue that is important to people’s livelihood and see that the people of all ethnic groups enjoy more benefits, be happier and feel more secure. The CPC Central Committee’s input in and support for the development of Tibet will only increase, not decrease. With the attention given by the CPC Central Committee and support of the whole country, and with its own efforts, Tibet will surely achieve full modernization together with the whole country.
——要牢固樹立綠水青山就是金山銀山、冰天雪地也是金山銀山的理念，建設生態文明高地。青藏高原是世界屋脊、亞洲水塔，保護好青藏高原生態是對中華民族生存和發展的最大貢獻。要以對歷史負責、對人民負責、對世界負責的態度，堅定不移走生態優先、綠色發展之路，推進重大生態工程建設，加強山水林田湖草沙冰系統治理。中央支持西藏創建國家生態文明建設示范區，支持開展生態綜合補償試點，支持青藏高原綜合科考。我們有信心、有能力讓雪域高原的天永遠湛藍、水永遠清澈、空氣永遠潔凈。
– We should remain firm in the belief that just as lucid waters and green mountains are invaluable assets, so are the plateau of ice and snow, and turn Tibet into a pacesetter in ecological conservation. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is known as the roof of the world and the water tower of Asia. Protecting the ecological system of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the greatest contribution to the survival and development of the Chinese nation. We should act responsibly toward history, the people and the world, and give priority to protecting the ecological system and pursuing green development. We should launch major ecological conservation projects, and take a holistic approach to protect mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, deserts and glaciers. The CPC Central Committee supports Tibet in building a national demonstration region on ecological conservation, supports it in piloting a comprehensive ecological compensation program, and supports comprehensive scientific research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We are confident that we will continue to keep skies blue, waters clear and air clean in this snowy plateau.
同志們、朋友們！
Comrades and friends,
偉岸的喜馬拉雅山見證了西藏和平解放以來的滄桑巨變，奔騰的雅魯藏布江奏響著新時代西藏發展進步的恢弘樂章。讓我們緊密團結在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央周圍，弘揚偉大建黨精神，傳承“老西藏精神”、“兩路精神”，為建設團結富裕文明和諧美麗的社會主義現代化新西藏，為實現中華民族偉大復興的中國夢不懈奮斗！
The majestic Himalaya Mountains have witnessed the sea change that has taken place in Tibet since its peaceful liberation, and the surging Yarlung Zangbo River has witnessed Tibet’s development and advances in the new era. Let us rally closely around the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, live by the great founding spirit of the CPC, and follow the example of the older generation engaged in Tibet’s development and those who constructed the Sichuan-Tibet Highway and the Qinghai-Tibet Highway. And let us dedicate ourselves to building a new, modern socialist Tibet that is united, prosperous, culturally advanced, harmonious and beautiful and achieve the Chinese dream of great national rejuvenation.
祝偉大祖國繁榮富強！
May our great motherland enjoy prosperity!
祝西藏各族人民幸福安康！
May people of all ethnic groups in Tibet enjoy happiness and well-being!
扎西德勒！
Tashi Delek!
