堅定維護(hù)和踐行多邊主義 堅持推動構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體
Firmly Uphold and Practice Multilateralism and Build a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind
楊潔篪
Yang Jiechi
世界正經(jīng)歷百年未有之大變局，新冠肺炎疫情全球大流行加速國際格局演變，世界進(jìn)入動蕩變革期，但和平與發(fā)展仍然是時代主題，各國人民求和平謀發(fā)展促合作圖共贏的期待更加強(qiáng)烈。習(xí)近平總書記著眼世界發(fā)展方向和人類前途命運(yùn)，提出構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體和新型國際關(guān)系重大倡議，拓展深化新時代多邊主義理念和實(shí)踐，贏得國際社會高度贊譽(yù)和廣泛支持。我國堅定支持多邊主義，堅定維護(hù)以聯(lián)合國為核心的國際體系和以國際法為基礎(chǔ)的國際秩序，堅決捍衛(wèi)國家利益和民族尊嚴(yán)，推動多邊主義朝著正確方向發(fā)展。當(dāng)前形勢下，堅定維護(hù)和踐行多邊主義，對于促進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展具有特別重要而深遠(yuǎn)的意義。
The world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated shifts in the international landscape. The world has entered a period of turbulence and transformation. Meanwhile, peace and development remain the underlying trend of our times. People across the world have an even stronger desire for peace, development, cooperation and common progress. With the direction of global development and the future of humanity in mind, General Secretary Xi Jinping has put forward the vision to build a community with a shared future for mankind and foster a new type of international relations. This vision has broadened and deepened the concept and practice of multilateralism in the new era, and gained high acclaim and wide support from the international community. China is a staunch supporter of multilateralism. China is committed to the UN-centered international system and the international order underpinned by international law. While remaining strong in its determination to safeguard its national interests and dignity, China is steadfast in promoting the development of multilateralism in the right direction. Under current circumstances, to firmly uphold and practice multilateralism has taken on special and far-reaching significance for world peace and development.
一、多邊主義歷史沿革
I. The history of evolution of multilateralism
多邊主義經(jīng)歷了持續(xù)演進(jìn)的歷史過程。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束之后，聯(lián)合國憲章于1945年6月26日簽署并于10月24日生效，聯(lián)合國正式成立。聯(lián)合國憲章為促進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展提供了重要遵循，標(biāo)志著多邊主義新的重要開端。20世紀(jì)50、60年代，亞非拉國家掀起反帝反殖、爭取和維護(hù)民族獨(dú)立運(yùn)動，一大批發(fā)展中國家獲得獨(dú)立并加入聯(lián)合國，有力促進(jìn)了多邊主義發(fā)展與進(jìn)步。1971年10月25日，第二十六屆聯(lián)合國大會以壓倒性多數(shù)通過第2758號決議，恢復(fù)中華人民共和國在聯(lián)合國一切合法權(quán)利。中國恢復(fù)聯(lián)合國合法席位和廣大發(fā)展中國家的加入，對多邊主義發(fā)展具有重要?dú)v史意義，聯(lián)合國逐漸成為最具普遍性、代表性、權(quán)威性的政府間國際組織，多邊主義的正義性、進(jìn)步性、人民性不斷增強(qiáng)。冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，世界多極化、經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、社會信息化、文化多樣化深入發(fā)展，國際機(jī)制不斷建立和完善，多邊主義成為世界各國明確政策取向。為應(yīng)對2008年國際金融危機(jī)，二十國集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人峰會應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，成為討論全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理的重要平臺，新興市場國家和發(fā)展中國家平等參與全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理決策。過去幾年，個別國家奉行單邊主義、保護(hù)主義錯誤政策，頻頻“退群”“毀約”，多邊主義遭受嚴(yán)重挫折，國際社會普遍對此表示反對，要求堅持多邊主義、維護(hù)國際合作。
Multilateralism has gone through a historical process of continuous evolution. The end of World War II saw the birth of the United Nations, whose Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 and entered into force on 24 October 1945. The UN Charter, which serves as an important guide for promoting world peace and development, marks an important new start in the development of multilateralism. In the 1950s and 1960s, with the unfolding of national independence movements against imperialism and colonialism across Asia, Africa and Latin America, a large number of developing countries gained independence and joined the UN. This lent a strong boost to the development and progress of multilateralism. On 25 October 1971, the 26th session of the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 2758 with an overwhelming majority to restore all the lawful rights and interests of the People’s Republic of China at the UN. The restoration of China’s lawful seat at the UN and the entry of a great number of developing countries are of great historic significance to the development of multilateralism. Over time, the UN has grown into the most universal, representative and authoritative inter-governmental organization. Multilateralism has increasingly gained strength as a symbol for justice, progress and people’s well-being. The end of the Cold War ushered in a period of accelerated advancement toward a multi-polar world, economic globalization, IT application and cultural diversity. A growing number of international mechanisms have been established and steadily improved. Multilateralism has become a clear policy choice of countries across the world. In response to the 2008 global financial crisis, the G20 Summit came into being and has since become a major platform for discussions on global economic governance, allowing emerging markets and developing countries to participate on an equal footing in the decision making on global economic governance. In the past several years, though, certain countries, driven by misguided unilateral and protectionist policies, chose to withdraw from international organizations and agreements one after another. Multilateralism suffered a serious setback. In response, members of the international community overwhelmingly voiced opposition and called for efforts to uphold multilateralism and maintain international cooperation.
基于聯(lián)合國憲章的多邊主義體現(xiàn)了人類社會從戰(zhàn)爭到和平、從特權(quán)到平等、從壟斷到協(xié)商的歷史進(jìn)步。正如習(xí)近平總書記在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇“達(dá)沃斯議程”對話會特別致辭中所說，“多邊主義的要義是國際上的事由大家共同商量著辦，世界前途命運(yùn)由各國共同掌握”，命運(yùn)共通，責(zé)任共擔(dān)，利益共享，時艱共克，這既是中華傳統(tǒng)文化價值取向，也是世界各國人民共同追求。我國倡導(dǎo)的多邊主義建立在以聯(lián)合國為核心的國際體系之上，同世界多極化主張、人類命運(yùn)共同體思想一脈相承。構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體為維護(hù)和踐行多邊主義提供了方向引領(lǐng)，維護(hù)和踐行多邊主義為構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體提供了國際制度方面的重要保障。這一主張體現(xiàn)時代進(jìn)步，符合世界各國和各國人民利益，是世界大變局正確發(fā)展方向。
Multilateralism, which is underpinned by the UN Charter, represents humanity’s historical progress from war to peace, from privilege to equality, and from monopoly to consultation. As General Secretary Xi Jinping noted in his special address at the World Economic Forum Virtual Event of the Davos Agenda, “Multilateralism is about having international affairs addressed through consultation and the future of the world decided by everyone working together.” Countries in the world, bound by a shared future, need to share responsibilities as well as benefits, and all must come together in the trying moments of ours. Such belief is deeply rooted in the traditional Chinese culture, and is reflective of the popular aspiration of people across the world. The multilateralism that China champions is grounded in the UN-centered international system. It is consistent with the vision for a multi-polar world and for a community with a shared future for mankind. To build a community with a shared future for mankind points to the direction and provides guidance for upholding and practicing multilateralism, while the practice of multilateralism brings about global institutional guarantee for building such a community. The call for multilateralism reflects the progress of our times. It serves the interests of all countries and peoples, and sets the right direction for a world undergoing major changes and transition.
二、我國對新時代多邊主義理論和實(shí)踐發(fā)展作出歷史性、開創(chuàng)性貢獻(xiàn)
II. China’s historic and pioneering contribution to the theory and practice of multilateralism in the new era
中國是聯(lián)合國創(chuàng)始會員國和安理會常任理事國，是第一個在聯(lián)合國憲章上簽字的國家。長期以來，我國堅定同廣大發(fā)展中國家一道，共同踐行聯(lián)合國憲章宗旨和原則。我國積極參與以聯(lián)合國為中心的多邊活動，廣泛參加多邊條約和國際公約，在維護(hù)世界和平、促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展、加強(qiáng)人權(quán)保護(hù)、推動人文交流、開展反恐合作、應(yīng)對氣候變化等領(lǐng)域作出重要貢獻(xiàn)。我國倡導(dǎo)建立公正合理的國際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序，推動建設(shè)持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界，贏得國際社會廣泛支持。
China is a founding member of the United Nations and a permanent member of its Security Council, and is the first country to put its signature on the UN Charter. Over the decades, China has stood firmly with fellow developing countries in practicing the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. China has actively participated in UN-centered multilateral activities, joined an extensive range of multilateral treaties and international conventions, and made an important contribution to upholding world peace, promoting common development, strengthening human rights protection, advancing people-to-people exchanges, conducting counter-terrorism cooperation, and addressing climate change. China has called for building a new international political and economic order that is just and reasonable, and has endeavored to advance the building of a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity. All these have gained wide support and acclaim from the global community.
黨的十八大以來，習(xí)近平總書記深刻洞察和把握世界格局和國際秩序演變，在多邊領(lǐng)域作出一系列全局性、戰(zhàn)略性、方向性謀劃部署，提出新時代多邊主義核心思想和系列主張，即以構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體和新型國際關(guān)系為目標(biāo)，以促進(jìn)世界多極化、國際關(guān)系民主化為方向，以維護(hù)聯(lián)合國權(quán)威和聯(lián)合國憲章宗旨原則為核心，以共商共建共享全球治理觀為引領(lǐng)，以高質(zhì)量共建“一帶一路”為路徑，積極引導(dǎo)全球治理體系變革和建設(shè)，推動建設(shè)持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁榮、開放包容、清潔美麗的世界。習(xí)近平外交思想是新時代我國對外工作的根本遵循，是對國際關(guān)系理論的發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新，為多邊主義理論和實(shí)踐發(fā)展開辟了新境界。習(xí)近平總書記在多個重大國際場合全面闡述中國的國際秩序觀、全球治理觀、新安全觀、新發(fā)展觀、人權(quán)觀、生態(tài)觀、文明觀等重要理念，鮮明闡釋了中國立場主張，堅決回?fù)魡芜呏髁x和霸凌行徑，沉重打擊“文明沖突論”“種族優(yōu)劣論”，有力引領(lǐng)了全球治理體系和國際秩序變革方向。
Since the 18th CPC National Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping has, based on his in-depth observation and keen insight of the evolving global landscape and international order, has laid out a series of overarching, strategic and direction-setting plans and arrangements in the multilateral field. The core ideas and whole set of propositions have been expounded for the development of multilateralism in the new era. The objective is to build a community with a shared future for mankind and to foster a new type of international relations. The direction is to promote a multi-polar world and bring about greater democracy in international relations. The centerpiece is to uphold the authority of the UN as well as the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. The guiding principle is extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits in global governance. And the pathway is high-quality development of Belt and Road cooperation. On such a basis, we may actively guide the reform and development of the global governance system, and promote the building of an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security and common prosperity. The Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy provides primary guidance for China’s diplomacy in the new era. It builds on and further develops the theories on international relations, and opens new vistas for the development of multilateralism both in theory and in practice. Speaking at various major international fora, General Secretary Xi Jinping outlined China’s vision on the international order and on global governance, as well as the new concepts on security and development, and the concepts on human rights, on ecological preservation and on civilization. These important propositions explain China’s stance and position, and are a strong rebuff to unilateralism and acts of bullying. They effectively counter talks of “clash of civilizations” and of the superiority of one race over another. Clearly, they point the way forward for the transformation of the global governance system and the international order.
黨的十八大以來，習(xí)近平總書記成功主持二十國集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人杭州峰會、北京亞太經(jīng)合組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人非正式會議、“一帶一路”國際合作高峰論壇、中非合作論壇北京峰會、中國國際進(jìn)口博覽會、亞洲文明對話大會等主場外交活動，取得一系列重大突破性成果，為加強(qiáng)全球治理、增進(jìn)國際合作等注入強(qiáng)勁動力，受到國際社會普遍認(rèn)同和支持。
Since the 18th CPC National Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping has hosted a series of major international events in China, including the G20 Hangzhou Summit, the 22nd APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting, the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, the 2018 Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, the China International Import Expo, and the Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations. These events have yielded a host of important breakthroughs and injected strong impetus to global governance and international cooperation, thus gaining extensive recognition and support from the international community.
我國積極推動國際社會共同應(yīng)對全球性挑戰(zhàn)。2021年1月，習(xí)近平總書記在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇“達(dá)沃斯議程”對話會上發(fā)表題為《讓多邊主義的火炬照亮人類前行之路》的特別致辭，倡導(dǎo)國際社會共同解決好這個時代面臨的四大課題，指明出路是維護(hù)和踐行多邊主義，推動構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，強(qiáng)調(diào)要堅持開放包容，不搞封閉排他；要堅持以國際法則為基礎(chǔ)，不搞唯我獨(dú)尊；要堅持協(xié)商合作，不搞沖突對抗；要堅持與時俱進(jìn)，不搞故步自封。習(xí)近平總書記指出，在國際上搞“小圈子”，人為造成相互隔離甚至隔絕，只能把世界推向分裂甚至對抗。一個分裂的世界無法應(yīng)對人類面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)。在這個問題上人類付出過慘痛代價，我們決不能再走那條老路。這一重要講話站在全人類高度，為克服疫情下全球性挑戰(zhàn)指明方向，為國際社會共克時艱注入動力，發(fā)出維護(hù)和踐行多邊主義的時代強(qiáng)音，引起國際社會廣泛共鳴。
China has played an active part in strengthening a global response to global challenges. In January 2021, at the World Economic Forum Virtual Event of the Davos Agenda, General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered a special address titled “Let the Torch of Multilateralism Light up Humanity’s Way Forward”. In the speech, General Secretary Xi called on the international community to jointly address the four major tasks of our times, and noted that the way out of the problems we face is through upholding multilateralism and building a community with a shared future for mankind. He underscored the need to stay committed to openness and inclusiveness instead of closeness and exclusion, to international law and international rules instead of seeking one’s own supremacy, to consultation and cooperation instead of conflict and confrontation, and to keeping up with the times instead of rejecting change. He pointed out that to build small circles or to create isolation and estrangement will only push the world into division and confrontation. We cannot tackle the common challenges facing humanity in a divided world. Humanity has learned lessons the hard way, and we must not return to the old path of the past. General Secretary Xi’s important remarks addressed the well-being of the entire humanity. They resonated strongly with the international community, as they pointed the way for overcoming global challenges during the pandemic, lent impetus to international solidarity in challenging times, and made a strong call for upholding and practicing multilateralism in the new era.
2020年，習(xí)近平總書記先后出席二十國集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人應(yīng)對新冠肺炎特別峰會、第73屆世界衛(wèi)生大會開幕式，主持中非團(tuán)結(jié)抗疫特別峰會并發(fā)表重要講話，宣布重大抗疫合作舉措，呼吁國際社會攜手構(gòu)建人類衛(wèi)生健康共同體。習(xí)近平總書記在第75屆聯(lián)合國大會一般性辯論講話中宣示中國碳達(dá)峰和碳中和目標(biāo)，在氣候雄心峰會上宣布中國國家自主貢獻(xiàn)新舉措，引領(lǐng)全球應(yīng)對氣候變化新征程。黨的十八大以來，在習(xí)近平總書記倡議和推動下，共建“一帶一路”從愿景變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)，成為構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體的重要實(shí)踐平臺。
In 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping attended the G20 Extraordinary Leaders’ Summit on COVID-19 and the virtual opening of the 73rd World Health Assembly, and chaired the Extraordinary China-Africa Summit on Solidarity Against COVID-19. In the important remarks delivered on those occasions, General Secretary Xi announced major cooperation measures to fight the coronavirus and called for the building of a global community of health for all. He spelt out China’s goals for peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality at the General Debate of the 75th session of the UN General Assembly, and announced new measures for nationally determined contributions at the Climate Ambition Summit, thus leading the way to reinvigorated global response to climate change. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, under the initiative and guidance of General Secretary Xi Jinping, Belt and Road cooperation has been translated from vision to reality, and is serving as a key platform for building a community with a shared future for mankind.
我國在多邊機(jī)制內(nèi)促進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展的同時，堅定維護(hù)國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益和民族尊嚴(yán)。我國積極推動朝鮮半島、伊朗核、阿富汗等地區(qū)熱點(diǎn)問題和平解決，深入?yún)⑴c深海、極地、外空、反腐敗等領(lǐng)域規(guī)則制定，深入開展國際反恐合作。我國推動創(chuàng)立亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行、金磚國家新開發(fā)銀行、絲路基金，開創(chuàng)發(fā)展中國家組建多邊金融機(jī)構(gòu)先河。設(shè)立中國—聯(lián)合國和平與發(fā)展基金、南南合作援助基金、中國氣候變化南南合作基金，有力支持發(fā)展中國家維和、減貧、應(yīng)對氣變等努力。精準(zhǔn)實(shí)施發(fā)展合作和對外援助，幫助發(fā)展中國家實(shí)現(xiàn)更好發(fā)展。我國致力于加強(qiáng)國際合作與交流，推動各國在更加有效應(yīng)對疫情的同時，恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和社會發(fā)展。
While striving to promote world peace and development in multilateral institutions, China has stood firm in safeguarding its sovereignty and security, its development interests and national dignity. We actively facilitated the peaceful settlement of key regional issues, including the Korean Peninsula issue, the Iranian nuclear issue and the Afghanistan issue. We have also been deeply involved in rules making in such arenas as the deep sea, the polar region, outer space and the fight against corruption, as well as in international anti-terrorism cooperation. By championing the establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the BRICS New Development Bank, and the Silk Road Fund, China has created a precedent for the initiation of multilateral financial institutions by developing countries. By setting up the China-UN Peace and Development Fund, the South-South Cooperation Fund, and the Climate Change South-South Cooperation Fund, China has given strong support to other developing countries in peacekeeping, poverty reduction and climate change. Following a targeted approach to development cooperation and foreign assistance, China is helping other developing countries achieve better development. China is committed to enhancing international cooperation and exchanges to support all countries in restoring economic and social development while responding to COVID-19 more effectively.
近幾個月，在習(xí)近平總書記親自指揮和推動下，我國多邊外交又取得重大進(jìn)展。2020年11月，我國同各成員國簽署區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定，成為東亞經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化建設(shè)近20年來最重要成果。2020年12月，習(xí)近平總書記同德國、法國、歐盟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人共同宣布如期完成中歐投資協(xié)定談判，國際社會普遍認(rèn)為這是中歐關(guān)系史上新的里程碑。2021年2月，習(xí)近平總書記主持中國—中東歐國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人峰會并發(fā)表主旨講話，闡述中國—中東歐國家合作原則和新形勢下發(fā)展合作的四點(diǎn)建議，為新形勢下中國—中東歐國家合作凝聚了新共識，提供了新動力。上述成果將為推動國際和地區(qū)合作、促進(jìn)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇發(fā)揮重要作用。
In recent months, under the personal direction and commitment of General Secretary Xi Jinping, China has made new, major achievements in multilateral diplomacy. In November 2020, China signed with other participants the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement, which is the most significant outcome of East Asian economic integration in nearly two decades. In December 2020, General Secretary Xi announced with leaders of Germany, France and the EU conclusion of the negotiations on the China-EU Comprehensive Agreement on Investment as scheduled, a move widely hailed as a new milestone in China-EU relations. In February 2021, General Secretary Xi chaired the Summit of China and Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) and delivered a keynote speech. He spelt out principles for China-CEEC cooperation and shared four thoughts of suggestion for moving China-CEEC cooperation forward under new circumstances. His remarks helped build further consensus and add new impetus to China-CEEC cooperation going forward. All the above achievements will contribute significantly to international and regional cooperation and economic recovery in the world.
黨的十八大以來，越來越多中國倡議成為全球共識并見諸行動，這在我國多邊外交發(fā)展歷程中是前所未有的，是我國為世界和平與發(fā)展作出新的重大貢獻(xiàn)。這是在習(xí)近平總書記的掌舵領(lǐng)航，親自指揮下，通過積極作為、艱苦努力取得的成果。習(xí)近平總書記提出的一系列重要理念、開展的一系列重大實(shí)踐，是習(xí)近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想和習(xí)近平外交思想的重要組成部分，是我國為多邊主義理論和實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新發(fā)展作出的重大貢獻(xiàn)。
Since the 18th CPC National Congress, more and more Chinese initiatives have become global consensus and turned into concrete actions. This is unprecedented in China’s multilateral diplomacy, and marks a major contribution of China to world peace and development. It comes as the result of active and hard work under the direct leadership and guidance of General Secretary Xi Jinping. The important visions and major practices spearheaded by General Secretary Xi Jinping are an integral part of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, as they are an integral part of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy. They also represent China’s major contribution to the innovation of the theory and practice of multilateralism.
三、當(dāng)前和今后一個時期多邊主義的特點(diǎn)和趨勢
III. The current features and future trends of multilateralism
第一，雖然現(xiàn)行國際體系遭受單邊主義嚴(yán)重沖擊，但是多邊主義仍是人心所向、大勢所趨。近年來，個別國家企圖將單邊主義和霸凌行徑凌駕于主權(quán)平等、和平解決爭端、不干涉內(nèi)政等國際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則之上，大搞本國優(yōu)先，嚴(yán)重?fù)p害以聯(lián)合國為核心的現(xiàn)行國際體系。另一方面，世界絕大多數(shù)國家支持多邊主義理念和實(shí)踐，反對由一國包攬國際事務(wù)、主宰他國命運(yùn)、壟斷發(fā)展權(quán)利，多邊主義依然根基穩(wěn)固、動力強(qiáng)勁。
First, despite the serious impact of unilateralism on the existing international system, multilateralism remains the call of the people and the trend of our times. In recent years, certain countries attempted to put unilateralism and bullying practices above the basic norms of international relations, including the norms of sovereign equality, peaceful resolution of disputes and non-interference in internal affairs. They also blatantly put their own interests first and seriously undermined the current international system with the UN at its core. On the other hand, the overwhelming majority of countries support the idea and practice of multilateralism, and oppose any single country’s attempt to dominate international affairs, dictate the future of others or monopolize the right to development. Multilateralism still enjoys solid foundation and strong impetus.
第二，雖然多邊主義面臨新的復(fù)雜因素，但是合作基礎(chǔ)依然存在，合作空間仍然廣闊。一些國家對多邊主義內(nèi)涵和重點(diǎn)看法不一，但聯(lián)合國憲章宗旨和原則仍是國際社會最大公約數(shù)。新冠肺炎疫情肆虐成為世界各國面臨的嚴(yán)重挑戰(zhàn)，國際社會呼吁團(tuán)結(jié)抗疫的意愿空前強(qiáng)烈。民粹主義和逆全球化思潮上升，但經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化仍是大勢所趨，世界大多數(shù)國家期待經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化朝更加開放、包容、普惠、平衡、共贏方向發(fā)展。面臨疫情流行、經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退、氣候變化等全球性挑戰(zhàn)，沒有一個國家能夠獨(dú)善其身，唯有團(tuán)結(jié)合作才是最有力武器，共同走多邊主義道路才是正確選擇。
Second, despite the new complications facing multilateralism, cooperation still holds solid ground and broad perspective. Although countries may have different views on the meaning and priorities of multilateralism, the purposes and principles of the UN Charter remain the greatest consensus of the international community. As the raging COVID-19 pandemic poses serious challenges to all countries, the international community are more determined than ever to fight the coronavirus together. Although populism and de-globalization thoughts are rising, economic globalization remains the overriding trend, and most countries hope to achieve globalization that is more open, inclusive, balanced and beneficial to all. No country can stay immune from global challenges like the pandemic, economic recession or climate change. For the international community, cooperation is the most powerful weapon, and the path of multilateralism is the only right choice.
第三，雖然鼓吹意識形態(tài)對立的論調(diào)抬頭，但是國際社會要求加強(qiáng)團(tuán)結(jié)、超越分歧的呼聲更加高漲。一些勢力固守零和博弈，在國際上炒作意識形態(tài)和政治制度差異，企圖搞“小圈子”制造分裂，企圖以人權(quán)、民主等為借口干涉別國內(nèi)政，這些行徑遭到國際社會的普遍反對。構(gòu)建新型國際關(guān)系，要相互尊重不要唯我獨(dú)尊，要公平正義不要狹隘偏私，要合作共贏不要以鄰為壑。國際社會普遍認(rèn)為各國應(yīng)該走符合自身國情的發(fā)展道路，自己首先要辦好自己的事，反對內(nèi)病外治、轉(zhuǎn)嫁矛盾，反對搞意識形態(tài)劃線。世界絕大多數(shù)國家希望在相互尊重、平等互利基礎(chǔ)上加強(qiáng)全球治理，共同破解治理、信任、和平、發(fā)展重大赤字，共同建設(shè)更加開放包容、公平正義、綠色持續(xù)、合作共贏的多邊主義和全球治理體系。
Third, despite a rising clamor for ideological confrontation, the global call for greater solidarity to rise above differences is even stronger. Clinging to a zero-sum mentality, some forces are obsessed with playing up differences in ideology and political system. They seek to create divisions by forming small circles and interfere in others’ internal affairs in the name of human rights or democracy. Such attempts have been widely rejected by the international community. To build a new type of international relations, we must choose mutual respect over self-conceit, fairness and justice over narrow self-interest, and win-win cooperation over a beggar-thy-neighbor approach. A prevailing view shared by the international community is that countries should pursue a development path suited to their own national conditions and run their own affairs well before anything else. No country should scapegoat others for its own malaise or draw lines on an ideological basis. It is the shared aspiration of the overwhelming majority of countries to strengthen global governance based on mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, and to work together to reduce the serious deficit in governance, trust, peace and development and promote multilateralism and a global governance system that features greater openness and inclusiveness, fairness and justice, green and sustainable development, and cooperation for win-win results.
四、今年我國將開啟全面建設(shè)社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家新征程，隆重慶祝中國共產(chǎn)黨成立100周年，多邊工作要堅持以習(xí)近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想和習(xí)近平外交思想為指導(dǎo)，統(tǒng)籌國內(nèi)國際兩個大局、發(fā)展安全兩件大事，牢牢抓住推動構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體這條主線，團(tuán)結(jié)國際社會積極力量，為全面建設(shè)社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家、促進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展作出更大貢獻(xiàn)。
IV. This year, China will start a new journey toward fully building a modern socialist country and will celebrate the centenary of the CPC. To conduct multilateral diplomacy, we must follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy. We need to take into account both the domestic and international imperatives and work on development and security as two priorities. We need to stay focused on the overarching goal of building a community with a shared future for mankind, rally more forces for good in the international community, and contribute more to fully building a modern socialist country and to promoting world peace and development.
一是要以元首峰會為戰(zhàn)略引領(lǐng)，以主場外交為重要平臺，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)新時代多邊主義理論與實(shí)踐發(fā)展。深入闡釋習(xí)近平總書記在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇“達(dá)沃斯議程”對話會特別致辭的重大現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，為解決當(dāng)今時代面臨的重大課題貢獻(xiàn)中國智慧、中國理念、中國方案。面對世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇重大命題，發(fā)揮二十國集團(tuán)國際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作主要平臺作用，推動各主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體加強(qiáng)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策協(xié)調(diào)，協(xié)力推動世界經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)增長。推動金磚國家加強(qiáng)團(tuán)結(jié)合作，共同支持多邊主義。以上海合作組織成立二十周年為契機(jī)，為維護(hù)地區(qū)穩(wěn)定、加強(qiáng)務(wù)實(shí)合作繼續(xù)發(fā)揮重要作用。推動亞太經(jīng)合組織秉持亞太命運(yùn)共同體理念，深入推進(jìn)亞太區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作。做好主辦博鰲亞洲論壇成立二十周年年會、《生物多樣性公約》第十五次締約方大會、第二屆聯(lián)合國全球可持續(xù)交通大會籌備工作，擴(kuò)大各領(lǐng)域合作。
First, we will follow the strategic guidance of leaders’ summits and use “home-ground diplomacy” as major platforms to seek progress in both the theory and practice of multilateralism in the new era. We need to fully expound the significance to the world today of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s special address at the World Economic Forum Virtual Event of the Davos Agenda, and contribute China’s wisdom, visions and solutions in addressing the major issues of our times. Facing the major task of global economic recovery, the G20 must act as the premier platform for international economic cooperation and promote macroeconomic policy coordination among major economies to restore global growth through concerted efforts. It is important to enhance solidarity and cooperation with fellow BRICS countries and jointly support multilateralism. Taking the opportunity of the 20th anniversary of the founding of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) this year, we support the SCO in continuing to play its important role in maintaining regional stability and strengthening practical cooperation. We encourage APEC to act on the vision of building an Asia-Pacific community with a shared future and work to deepen economic cooperation in the region. We are making solid preparations for hosting the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference around the time of its 20th anniversary, the COP15 of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the second UN Global Sustainable Transport Conference in a bid to expanding cooperation in relevant areas.
二是要高舉人類命運(yùn)共同體旗幟，堅定維護(hù)聯(lián)合國權(quán)威。構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體著眼世界各國利益和全人類福祉，要以此為目標(biāo)，秉持相互尊重、平等協(xié)商、公平正義、求同存異、合作共贏等原則，拓展深化同世界各國合作，致力于建設(shè)持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁榮、開放包容、清潔美麗的世界。要堅定維護(hù)以聯(lián)合國為核心的國際體系，堅定維護(hù)以國際法為基礎(chǔ)的國際秩序，堅定維護(hù)以聯(lián)合國憲章宗旨和原則為基礎(chǔ)的國際法基本原則和國際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則。要大力倡導(dǎo)多邊主義和國際關(guān)系民主化，反對霸權(quán)主義和強(qiáng)權(quán)政治，反對以多邊之名行單邊之實(shí)，堅持國家不分大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富，都是國際社會平等成員。堅決反對以意識形態(tài)劃線，要團(tuán)結(jié)不要分裂，要合作不要對抗，要正和不要零和，要“大家庭”不要“小圈子”。
Second, we will hold high the banner of building a community with a shared future for mankind and firmly uphold the authority of the United Nations.
To build a community with a shared future for mankind serves the interests of all countries and the well-being of humanity. With this goal in mind, we will expand and deepen cooperation with all countries in the world. In so doing, we shall follow the principles of mutual respect, equal consultation, fairness and justice, win-win cooperation and seeking common ground while shelving differences, and strive to build an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world of lasting peace, universal security and common prosperity. We will firmly uphold the international system centered on the UN, the international order underpinned by international law, and the basic principles of international law and basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. We will vigorously promote multilateralism and greater democracy in international relations. We oppose hegemony and power politics, and oppose any practice of unilateralism in the name of multilateralism. We see all countries as equal members of the international community, regardless of their size, strength and wealth. We firmly oppose drawing ideological lines. We choose solidarity over division, cooperation over confrontation, and positive-sum over zero-sum practices. We want the world to be a big family, and not divided into small circles.
三是要推進(jìn)多邊框架下同各方協(xié)調(diào)合作，引導(dǎo)推動全球治理體系改革和建設(shè)。我們愿就支持多邊主義、加強(qiáng)全球治理、推進(jìn)國際合作同各方深入對話，在抗擊疫情、經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇、氣候變化、環(huán)境保護(hù)、人文交往、全球安全、反恐、防擴(kuò)散、執(zhí)法、反腐敗等領(lǐng)域加強(qiáng)溝通合作，在聯(lián)合國、二十國集團(tuán)、國際貨幣基金組織、世界銀行、世界貿(mào)易組織、金磚國家、上海合作組織、亞太經(jīng)合組織等多邊機(jī)制內(nèi)同各方共促對話合作。積極參與現(xiàn)有國際規(guī)則修訂和新疆域規(guī)則制定。支持世界衛(wèi)生組織發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)作用，同各國攜手構(gòu)建人類衛(wèi)生健康共同體，進(jìn)一步推動全球抗疫合作，開展好疫苗國際合作，優(yōu)先照顧發(fā)展中國家疫苗需求，堅決反對借疫情搞政治化污名化。積極參與世界貿(mào)易組織改革，支持多邊貿(mào)易體制，堅持我發(fā)展中國家定位。推動國際貨幣基金組織按期完成份額改革，敦促世界銀行落實(shí)新一輪股權(quán)審議。支持亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行、金磚國家新開發(fā)銀行等新機(jī)制建設(shè)，深化成員國務(wù)實(shí)合作。
Third, we will step up coordination and cooperation with other parties within multilateral frameworks to steer forward the reform and development of the global governance system. We are prepared to deepen dialogue with other parties on supporting multilateralism, strengthening global governance and promoting international cooperation, enhance communication and collaboration on COVID-19 response, economic recovery, climate change, environmental protection, cultural and people-to-people exchanges, global security, counter-terrorism, non-proliferation, law enforcement and fighting corruption, and work with other parties to promote more dialogue and cooperation within such multilateral mechanisms as the UN, the G20, the IMF, the World Bank, the WTO, BRICS, the SCO and APEC. We will take an active part in the revision of existing international rules and the formulation of new ones in new frontiers. We will support the WHO in playing a leadership role and work with other countries to build a global community of health for all. We will further boost global cooperation against COVID-19, carry out effective vaccine collaboration, prioritize the needs of developing countries for vaccines, and firmly reject politicization and stigmatization of the virus. We will take an active part in the WTO reform, support the multilateral trading regime, and uphold China’s developing country status. We will encourage the IMF to complete its quota reform on schedule, and urge the World Bank to conclude a new round of shareholding review. We will support the development of the AIIB, the New Development Bank and other new institutions, and deepen practical cooperation among their members.
四是要推進(jìn)高質(zhì)量共建“一帶一路”，實(shí)現(xiàn)合作共贏。圍繞“共商、共建、共享”原則，“開放、綠色、廉潔”理念，“高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、惠民生、可持續(xù)”目標(biāo)，不斷完善機(jī)制建設(shè)，通過線上線下相結(jié)合方式舉辦會議和論壇，深化推進(jìn)共建“一帶一路”國際合作。積極推進(jìn)“健康絲綢之路”建設(shè)。保持沿線國家貿(mào)易暢通，最大限度減少疫情不利影響，攜手沿線國家共克疫情時艱，推動經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇。
Fourth, we will advance high-quality Belt and Road cooperation for win-win outcomes. Following the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, the philosophy of open, green and clean cooperation, and a high-standard, people-centered and sustainable approach, we will continue to improve the mechanisms of Belt and Road cooperation, and advance Belt and Road cooperation through a combination of online and offline meetings and forums. We will actively develop the Silk Road for Health. We will minimize the impact of COVID-19 to keep trade unclogged for countries along the route, and join hands with them to defeat the virus and promote economic recovery.
五是要以構(gòu)建新發(fā)展格局推動國際合作，實(shí)施更大范圍、更寬領(lǐng)域、更深層次對外開放。中國開啟全面建設(shè)社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家新征程，將為世界各國企業(yè)在華發(fā)展提供更廣闊空間。我們愿與各方共同挖掘世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長新動能，共同分享中國發(fā)展新機(jī)遇。我們致力于同有關(guān)各方一道，推動區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定批準(zhǔn)生效，積極打造東亞經(jīng)濟(jì)循環(huán)圈，帶動國際經(jīng)濟(jì)大循環(huán)。積極考慮加入全面與進(jìn)步跨太平洋伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定。促進(jìn)中日韓合作，推動中國—東盟關(guān)系提質(zhì)升級。堅定支持提高發(fā)展中國家全球治理代表性和發(fā)言權(quán)，呼吁國際社會關(guān)注疫情和經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退對發(fā)展中國家影響。在聯(lián)合國、中非、中阿、中拉論壇和七十七國集團(tuán)、不結(jié)盟運(yùn)動等機(jī)制內(nèi)加強(qiáng)南南合作。同歐方共同努力，做好中歐投資協(xié)定相關(guān)后續(xù)工作，落實(shí)中國—中東歐國家合作成果。拓展深化同包括美歐日在內(nèi)的各方在新能源新技術(shù)等各領(lǐng)域務(wù)實(shí)合作。
Fifth, we will advance international cooperation through the new development paradigm we are fostering at home and pursue opening-up in a larger scope, to wider areas and at deeper levels. As China embarks on a new journey toward fully building a modern socialist country, we will create much more space for global businesses to grow in our country. We will work with all parties to find new drivers of growth for the world economy and share the new opportunities emerging from China’s development. We will work with relevant parties for the ratification and entry into force of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), and actively foster an East Asian economic circulation to facilitate the larger international circulation. We will favorably consider joining the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). We will advance China-Japan-ROK cooperation and take China-ASEAN relations to a new height. We will firmly support the greater representation and voice of developing countries in global governance, and we call on the international community to take into due account the impact of COVID-19 and economic recession on developing countries. We will strengthen South-South cooperation in the UN, the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum, the China-Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) Forum, the Group of 77, the Non-Aligned Movement and other frameworks. We will work with the European Union on the follow-ups of the Comprehensive Agreement on Investment, and deliver the agreed outcomes of cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European countries. And we will expand and deepen practical cooperation with the United States, Europe, Japan and other parties in such areas as new energy and new technologies.
六是要在多邊機(jī)制內(nèi)堅定維護(hù)國家利益，推動各國和平共處、共同發(fā)展。在多邊場合涉我核心重大利益問題上，堅定維護(hù)國家利益和民族尊嚴(yán)。深度參與國際規(guī)則新一輪重塑，既堅持原則又體現(xiàn)建設(shè)性態(tài)度。用好多邊平臺主動發(fā)聲、激濁揚(yáng)清，宣介立場主張，講好中國故事。中國人民緊密團(tuán)結(jié)在中國共產(chǎn)黨周圍，堅定走中國特色社會主義道路，同時尊重世界各國人民選擇的發(fā)展道路。正如習(xí)近平總書記在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇“達(dá)沃斯議程”對話會上指出，“各國歷史文化和社會制度各有千秋，沒有高低優(yōu)劣之分，關(guān)鍵在于是否符合本國國情，能否獲得人民擁護(hù)和支持，能否帶來政治穩(wěn)定、社會進(jìn)步、民生改善，能否為人類進(jìn)步事業(yè)作出貢獻(xiàn)。”各國要在相互尊重、求同存異基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)現(xiàn)和平共處、共同發(fā)展；要堅持倡導(dǎo)平等、互鑒、對話、包容的文明觀，促進(jìn)交流互鑒，為人類文明發(fā)展進(jìn)步注入強(qiáng)勁動力。
Sixth, we will firmly safeguard China’s national interests in multilateral institutions and work for peaceful co-existence and common development of all countries. We will resolutely defend our national interests and dignity at multilateral fora when our core and major interests are at stake. We will both stand by principles and play a constructive part in the new round of reshaping of international rules. We will take greater initiative to speak up on multilateral platforms for what is right and just. We will better communicate our positions and propositions and tell a good China story. The Chinese people, closely rallied behind the CPC, are steadfast in pursuing socialism with Chinese characteristics. At the same time, we respect the choices of development path made by other people in the world. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the World Economic Forum Virtual Event of the Davos Agenda, “Each country is unique with its own history, culture and social system, and none is superior to the other. The best criteria are whether a country’s history, culture and social system fit its particular situation, enjoy people’s support, serve to deliver political stability, social progress and better lives, and contribute to human progress.” It is important that countries pursue peaceful co-existence and common development on the basis of mutual respect and expanding common ground while reserving differences. It is also important that countries promote an approach to different civilizations featuring equality, mutual learning, dialogue and mutual accommodation, and encourage more exchanges and mutual learning to inject strong impetus to the progress of human civilization.
中國將繼續(xù)做世界和平的建設(shè)者、全球發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)者、國際秩序的維護(hù)者。中國將在以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，堅定維護(hù)和踐行多邊主義，為構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體、促進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展作出新的更大貢獻(xiàn)。
China will continue to be a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development, and a defender of the international order. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, China will firmly uphold and practice multilateralism and make new and still greater contribution to building a community with a shared future for mankind and promoting world peace and development.
《 人民日報 》( 2021年02月21日 06 版)
