國家中長期經濟社會發展戰略若干重大問題
Major Issues Concerning China’s Strategies for Mid-to-Long-Term Economic and Social Development
習近平 在2020年4月10日在中央財經委員會第七次會議上的講話
speech made by General Secretary Xi Jinping at the seventh meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Commission on April 10, 2020
來源：《求是》
新冠肺炎疫情發生以來，我多次主持召開會議、作出大量指示批示，推動做好疫情防控和經濟社會發展工作。同時，我也結合疫情防控對涉及國家中長期經濟社會發展的重大問題進行了思考。
Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19), I have chaired many meetings and issued many instructions on containing the virus and advancing economic and social development. I have also given a lot of thought to the major issues affecting China’s mid-to-long-term economic and social development in light of Covid-19.
當今世界正經歷百年未有之大變局，這次疫情也是百年不遇，既是一次危機，也是一次大考。當前，我國疫情防控形勢已經越過拐點，但疫情全球大流行仍處在上升期，外部形勢非常嚴峻，我們要切實做好外防輸入、內防反彈工作，決不能讓疫情卷土重來。同時，我們要舉一反三，進行更有長遠性的思考，完善戰略布局，做到化危為機，實現高質量發展。下面，我著重從發展戰略角度講幾個問題。
The world is undergoing momentous changes not seen in a century. The Covid-19 epidemic, the worst of its kind for a century, is both a crisis and a test. China has now passed the turning point in containing the virus, but globally the virus continues to spread. Given this severe external situation, we must work hard to guard against inbound cases and a domestic resurgence. We must not allow Covid-19 to resurge again. Meanwhile, we should draw inferences, think hard of our current situation in view of China’s long-term development and improve our strategy in order to turn crises into opportunities and achieve high-quality development. Here, I want to talk about several issues, with the focus on development strategies.
第一，堅定實施擴大內需戰略。構建完整的內需體系，關系我國長遠發展和長治久安。改革開放特別是加入世貿組織后，我國加入國際大循環，形成了市場和資源（如礦產資源）“兩頭在外”、形成“世界工廠”的發展模式，對我國抓住經濟全球化機遇、快速提升經濟實力、改善人民生活發揮了重要作用。近幾年，經濟全球化遭遇逆風，這次疫情可能加劇逆全球化趨勢，各國內顧傾向明顯上升，我國發展面臨的外部環境可能出現重大變化。實施擴大內需戰略，是當前應對疫情沖擊的需要，是保持我國經濟長期持續健康發展的需要，也是滿足人民日益增長的美好生活的需要。
First, we must steadfastly pursue the strategy of expanding domestic demand.
Building a complete domestic demand system has a direct bearing on China’s long-term development and stability. Since the adoption of the reform and opening up policy and especially after our entry into the WTO, China has integrated itself into the international economic flow and developed a growth model whereby China serves as the “world’s factory,” while the two ends of the economic process – markets and resources (such as mineral resources) – continue to be located abroad. This has enabled China to seize opportunities in economic globalization to rapidly increase its economic strength and improve its people’s standards of living. In recent years, however, economic globalization has encountered headwinds, and the global spread of Covid-19 may exacerbate the anti-globalization trend as countries become more insular. As such, the external environment for China’s development may change profoundly. Expanding domestic demand is thus necessary to cushion the impact of Covid-19, to sustain our country’s sound economic development, and to meet our people’s growing desire for a better life.
大國經濟的優勢就是內部可循環。我國有14億人口，人均國內生產總值已經突破1萬美元，是全球最大最有潛力的消費市場。居民消費優化升級，同現代科技和生產方式相結合，蘊含著巨大增長空間。我們要牢牢把握擴大內需這一戰略基點，使生產、分配、流通、消費各環節更多依托國內市場實現良性循環，明確供給側結構性改革的戰略方向，促進總供給和總需求在更高水平上實現動態平衡。擴大內需和擴大開放并不矛盾。國內循環越順暢，越能形成對全球資源要素的引力場，越有利于構建以國內大循環為主體、國內國際雙循環相互促進的新發展格局，越有利于形成參與國際競爭和合作新優勢。
One of the advantages of being a major economy is that we can achieve complete domestic circulation. China has 1.4 billion people and per capita GDP in excess of US$ 10,000, which makes it the world’s biggest consumer market with the greatest potential. Upgrading consumer spending by aligning it with modern technologies and production models can produce great potential for growth. We must regard expanding domestic consumption as the basis of our national development strategy to ensure sound dynamics among production, distribution, exchange, and consumption that are more focused on the domestic market. We must set a strategic course for supply-side structural reform and work toward a dynamic balance between aggregate supply and demand at a higher level. Growing domestic demand and opening up further are not contradictory. The fewer impediments to domestic economic flow, the more global resources will gravitate toward China, the easier it will be for us to develop a new pattern of development that focuses on domestic circulation and features positive interplay between domestic and international economy, and the greater China’s ability to compete and cooperate internationally will be enhanced.
消費是我國經濟增長的重要引擎，中等收入群體是消費的重要基礎。目前，我國約有4億中等收入人口，絕對規模世界最大。要把擴大中等收入群體規模作為重要政策目標，優化收入分配結構，健全知識、技術、管理、數據等生產要素由市場評價貢獻、按貢獻決定報酬的機制。要擴大人力資本投入，使更多普通勞動者通過自身努力進入中等收入群體。
Consumption is a key driver of China’s growth, and the middle-income group is the cornerstone of consumption. At present, our country has around 400 million middle-income earners, the largest in the world in absolute terms. To further expand our middle-income group, we need to introduce policies to optimize the income distribution structure by allowing the market to evaluate and award the contributions of knowledge, technology, management, data, and other factors of production. We should increase investment in human resources to enable more working people to become middle-income earners through their own efforts.
第二，優化和穩定產業鏈、供應鏈。產業鏈、供應鏈在關鍵時刻不能掉鏈子，這是大國經濟必須具備的重要特征。這次疫情是一次實戰狀態下的壓力測試。我國完備的產業體系、強大的動員組織和產業轉換能力，為疫情防控提供了重要物質保障。我國口罩日產能從1月底1000萬只提高到目前的5億只。同時，疫情沖擊也暴露出我國產業鏈、供應鏈存在的風險隱患。為保障我國產業安全和國家安全，要著力打造自主可控、安全可靠的產業鏈、供應鏈，力爭重要產品和供應渠道都至少有一個替代來源，形成必要的產業備份系統。
Second, we must improve and stabilize our industrial and supply chains.
Industrial and supply chains must hold at critical moments – this is an essential feature of a major economy. The Covid-19 epidemic is a pressure test under real-life conditions. China’s sound industrial system, strong mobilization and organization capabilities, and exceptional ability to shift the focus of its industrial operations as needed have been important material guarantees in our effective response to the epidemic. Our mask production capacity has increased from 10 million pieces per day at the end of January to 500 million at present. At the same time, the impact of the virus also revealed latent risks in our industrial and supply chains. To safeguard our country’s industrial and national security, we must strive to develop our own industrial and supply chains that are controllable, secure, and reliable and ensure we have an industrial backup system with at least one substitute for each major product and supply channel.
現在，全國都在復工復產，我們不應該也不可能再簡單重復過去的模式，而應該努力重塑新的產業鏈，全面加大科技創新和進口替代力度，這是深化供給側結構性改革的重點，也是實現高質量發展的關鍵。一是要拉長長板，鞏固提升優勢產業的國際領先地位，鍛造一些“殺手锏”技術，持續增強高鐵、電力裝備、新能源、通信設備等領域的全產業鏈優勢，提升產業質量，拉緊國際產業鏈對我國的依存關系，形成對外方人為斷供的強有力反制和威懾能力。二是要補齊短板，就是要在關系國家安全的領域和節點構建自主可控、安全可靠的國內生產供應體系，在關鍵時刻可以做到自我循環，確保在極端情況下經濟正常運轉。
Now, as work and production resume across the country, we should not and cannot simply repeat our past model; rather, we need to reshape our industrial chains by stepping up technological innovation and import substitution across the board. This is crucial to achieving high-quality development and should be a focus in furthering supply-side structural reform. First, we must play to our strengths. We need to consolidate and enhance our international edge in competitive industries; develop technologies that will give us a decisive advantage; continue to strengthen the complete-industrial-chain edge we have in areas such as high-speed rail, electric power equipment, new energy, and communications equipment; improve industrial quality; and deepen China’s involvement in global industrial chains. By doing so, we will develop effective deterrent against attempts by other countries to sever our supply chains. Second, we must shore up our weaknesses. We must build homegrown, controllable, secure, and reliable domestic production and supply chains in areas and links vital to our national security, so that they are self-sufficient at critical moments. This will ensure the economy functions normally in extreme circumstances.
我國線上經濟全球領先，在這次疫情防控中發揮了積極作用，線上辦公、線上購物、線上教育、線上醫療蓬勃發展并同線下經濟深度交融。我們要乘勢而上，加快數字經濟、數字社會、數字政府建設，推動各領域數字化優化升級，積極參與數字貨幣、數字稅等國際規則制定，塑造新的競爭優勢。同時，必須看到，實體經濟是基礎，各種制造業不能丟，作為14億人口的大國，糧食和實體產業要以自己為主，這一條絕對不能丟。
China has the world’s largest internet economy, which played a positive role in our response to Covid-19. Our online work, online shopping, online education, and online medical services are flourishing and have become deeply integrated with the offline economy. We should ride this momentum to accelerate the development of the digital economy, digital society, and digital government, move ahead with digital upgrading across sectors, and actively participate in the formulation of international rules for digital currencies and digital taxation so as to develop new competitive strengths. We must also be clear, however, that the real economy is the foundation of our economy and manufacturing industries must not be neglected. As a large country with a population of 1.4 billion, China must be basically self-sufficient in food production and industrial development. We must never forget this.
國民經濟要正常運轉，必須增強防災備災意識。天有不測風云，人有旦夕禍福。要大力加強防災備災體系和能力建設，舍得花錢，舍得下功夫，寧肯十防九空，有些領域要做好應對百年一遇災害的準備。要堅持兩條腿走路，實行中央儲備和地方儲備相結合，實物儲備和產能儲備相結合，國家儲備和企業商業儲備相結合，搞好軍民融合儲備。要優化應急物資品種和儲備布局，要合理確定儲備規模，全面加大投資建設力度。
To ensure the economy operates as normal, we must enhance our awareness of disaster prevention and preparedness. As the saying goes, “Weather changes wildly, and fortunes change in a day.” We must greatly improve our systems and capacity for disaster prevention and preparedness, sparing no expense or effort to ensure readiness for all possible disasters, even if most of them never happen. In some sectors, we must be prepared for once-in-a-century disasters. We must follow the principle of “walking on two legs,” having both central and local, both state and commercial, and both military and civilian stockpiles, and both stockpiles of goods and production capacity. We must optimize the types and locations of stockpiled emergency supplies, rationally determine the size of stockpiles needed, and comprehensively increase investment and construction in this area.
在這次抗擊疫情過程中，國有企業沖在前面，發揮了重要作用，在促進產業循環中也起到了關鍵作用。國有企業是中國特色社會主義的重要物質基礎和政治基礎，是黨執政興國的重要支柱和依靠力量，必須做強做優做大。當然，國有企業也要改革優化，但絕對不能否定、絕對不能削弱。要堅持和完善新型舉國體制，不斷增強領導力、組織力、執行力。
State-owned enterprises (SOEs) have led the charge and played a vital role in containing Covid-19, and have been instrumental in stimulating industrial circulation. They are an important material and political foundation of socialism with Chinese characteristics and a pillar supporting our Party’s efforts to govern and rejuvenate the country; we must help them grow stronger and bigger and do better. SOEs should be reformed, but must never be rejected or weakened. We must adhere to and improve the new nationwide mobilization system and constantly improve leadership, organization, and implementation.
這次疫情防控使我們認識到，必須維護產業鏈、供應鏈的全球公共產品屬性，堅決反對把產業鏈、供應鏈政治化、武器化。在國際經貿談判中，要推動形成維護全球產業鏈供應鏈安全、消除非經濟因素干擾的國際共識和準則，力爭通過國際合作阻止打擊全球產業鏈、供應鏈的惡劣行為。
This battle against Covid-19 has made us realize that we must safeguard industrial and supply chains as global public goods and resolutely oppose their politicization and weaponization. We need to formulate in the course of international trade and economic negotiations an international consensus and norms on protecting global industrial and supply chains and eliminating the influence of non-economic factors, and we must strive through international cooperation to foil attempts to undermine global industrial and supply chains.
第三，完善城市化戰略。我國城市化道路怎么走？這是個重大問題，關鍵是要把人民生命安全和身體健康作為城市發展的基礎目標。目前，我國常住人口城鎮化率已經達到60.6%，今后一個時期還會上升。要更好推進以人為核心的城鎮化，使城市更健康、更安全、更宜居，成為人民群眾高品質生活的空間。
Third, we must improve our country’s urbanization strategy.
What urbanization approach should China adopt? This is a major issue, and the key to getting it right is to make protecting the health and safety of our people the basic goal of urban development. At present, 60.6% of China’s population is permanent urban residents, and the figure is likely to rise in the coming years. We should promote people-centered urbanization and make our cities healthier, safer, and more livable, so that our people can enjoy a high quality of life.
增強中心城市和城市群等經濟發展優勢區域的經濟和人口承載能力，這是符合客觀規律的。同時，城市發展不能只考慮規模經濟效益，必須把生態和安全放在更加突出的位置，統籌城市布局的經濟需要、生活需要、生態需要、安全需要。要堅持以人民為中心的發展思想，堅持從社會全面進步和人的全面發展出發，在生態文明思想和總體國家安全觀指導下制定城市發展規劃，打造宜居城市、韌性城市、智能城市，建立高質量的城市生態系統和安全系統。
It accords with objective principles to enhance the economic and population carrying capacities of areas with economic development advantages, such as major cities and urban agglomerations. Yet, economic scale should not be the only factor in urban development. Ecology and security should be given greater priority in urban planning, and economic, living, ecological, and safety requirements should all be considered. We should apply our people-centered development philosophy, make all-around social progress and well-rounded development of people our starting point, and formulate urban development plans guided by the vision of eco-civilization and an integrative approach to national security, so as to make our cities more livable, resilient, and intelligent and establish high-quality urban ecosystems and security systems.
產業和人口向優勢區域集中是客觀經濟規律，但城市單體規模不能無限擴張。目前，我國超大城市（城區常住人口1000萬人以上）和特大城市（城區常住人口500萬人以上）人口密度總體偏高，北京、上海主城區密度都在每平方公里2萬人以上，東京和紐約只有1.3萬人左右。長期來看，全國城市都要根據實際合理控制人口密度，大城市人口平均密度要有控制標準。要建設一批產城融合、職住平衡、生態宜居、交通便利的郊區新城，推動多中心、郊區化發展，有序推動數字城市建設，提高智能管理能力，逐步解決中心城區人口和功能過密問題。
The concentration of industries and people in advantageous regions is an objective economic law, but no city should grow indefinitely. The current population density of China’s megacities (each with over 10 million permanent residents in urban areas) and large cities (each with 5-10 million permanent residents in urban areas) is very high. For example, the main urban districts of Beijing and Shanghai have population densities of over 20,000 per square kilometer, compared to about 13,000 in Tokyo and New York. In the long run, cities across China need to bring their population density under control, and there needs to be standards for controlling the average population density of major cities. We need to build new suburban cities with integrated industries, balanced job and housing provisions, livable environments, and convenient transportation; encourage polycentric development and suburbanization; promote the orderly construction of digital cities; improve intelligent management capabilities; and gradually solve the problems of excessive population density and overloaded functions in central urban areas.
我國各地情況千差萬別，要因地制宜推進城市空間布局形態多元化。東部等人口密集地區，要優化城市群內部空間結構，合理控制大城市規模，不能盲目“攤大餅”。要推動城市組團式發展，形成多中心、多層級、多節點的網絡型城市群結構。城市之間既要加強互聯互通，也要有必要的生態和安全屏障。中西部有條件的省區，要有意識地培育多個中心城市，避免“一市獨大”的弊端。我國現有1881個縣市，農民到縣城買房子、向縣城集聚的現象很普遍，要選擇一批條件好的縣城重點發展，加強政策引導，使之成為擴大內需的重要支撐點。在城市舊城和老舊小區改造，地下管網、停車場建設，托幼、養老、家政、教育、醫療服務等方面都有巨大需求和發展空間。
Circumstances vary significantly in different parts of our country, so we should promote diverse urban layouts based on local conditions. In densely populated areas, such as in eastern China, it is important to optimize the internal spatial structure of urban agglomerations, reasonably control the size of major cities, and prevent unbridled urban sprawl. We should develop city clusters and form polycentric, multi-level, and multi-node urban agglomeration networks. There must not only be strong interconnections between cities, but also necessary ecological and security barriers. Provinces and autonomous regions in central and western China with the right conditions should nurture multiple major cities to avoid being disadvantaged by having only one major city. There are 1,881 counties and county-level cities in China, and it is common for rural residents to buy houses and gravitate toward county towns. We should select a group of county towns for prioritized development and enhanced policy guidance, to make them important points of support for expanding domestic demand. When it comes to upgrading old urban areas and residential communities, there is huge demand and room for development in areas such as underground plumbing and wiring, construction of parking lots, child and elderly care, housekeeping, education, and medical services.
第四，調整優化科技投入和產出結構。這次疫情防控對我國科技界是一次真刀真槍的檢驗。科技戰線既顯了身手，也露了短板。要優化科技資源布局，提升科技創新能力，走出一條符合我國國情的科技研發道路。
Fourth, we must improve the mix of scientific and technological inputs and outputs.
Containing Covid-19 has posed a stern test for our science and technology community; its important role was made very apparent, but its weaknesses were also exposed. We need to improve the distribution of scientific and technological resources, strengthen our ability to make scientific and technological innovations, and pursue a path of scientific and technological R&D suited to China’s conditions.
科技發展要堅持問題導向、目標導向。保障人民生命安全和身體健康是黨和國家的重要任務，科學研究要從中凝練重大科學前沿和重大攻關課題。要更加重視遺傳學、基因學、病毒學、流行病學、免疫學等生命科學的基礎研究，加快相關藥物疫苗的研發和技術創新，高度重視信息和大數據技術在這些領域的應用。要重視頂層設計，優化基礎研究布局，做強優勢領域，完善高校專業設置，加強基礎學科教育和人才培養，補上冷門短板，把我國基礎研究體系逐步壯大起來，努力多出“從0到1”的原創性成果。
We need to adopt a goal- and problem-oriented approach to scientific and technological development. Protecting the health and safety of the people is an important task for our Party and government, from which scientific and technological research should draw inspiration to address profound questions in cutting-edge technologies and breakthroughs. We need to attach greater importance to basic research in life sciences, including genetics, genomics, virology, epidemiology, and immunology; accelerate R&D and innovations in relevant medicines and vaccines; and put more emphasis on the use of IT and big data in these fields. We should value top-level design, optimize the layout of basic research, and grow our areas of strength. We need to improve the setup of disciplines in universities, strengthen education of basic disciplines and cultivation of capable personnel, and shore up weaknesses in less popular disciplines. With these efforts, we will gradually strengthen our system of basic research and produce more original innovations.
在這次疫情防控中，形成了不少產學研相結合的典范，值得認真總結。要創新科技成果轉化機制，發揮企業主體作用和政府統籌作用，促進資金、技術、應用、市場等要素對接，努力解決基礎研究“最先一公里”和成果轉化、市場應用“最后一公里”有機銜接問題，打通產學研創新鏈、價值鏈。
During our Covid-19 response, collaborations between businesses, universities, and research institutes have produced positive results, setting good examples for us to study and follow. We should create a new mechanism for applying scientific and technological advances, with enterprises being the main actors and the government coordinating the efforts of all sides. We should link up funding, technology, applications, markets, and other factors and work hard to solve both the “first mile” problem of conducting basic research and the “last mile” problem of commercializing and applying advances, so as to ensure innovation and value chains are effectively connected among businesses, universities, and research institutes.
第五，實現人與自然和諧共生。我多次強調，人與自然是生命共同體，人類必須尊重自然、順應自然、保護自然。這次疫情防控使我們更加深切地認識到，生態文明建設是關系中華民族永續發展的千年大計，必須站在人與自然和諧共生的高度來謀劃經濟社會發展。
Fifth, we must ensure harmony between humans and nature.
I have repeatedly emphasized that humans and nature form a community of life. As human beings, we must respect nature, follow its ways, and protect it. Our Covid-19 response has made us more keenly aware that building an eco-civilization is vital to our nation’s sustainable development, and our pursuit of economic and social progress must be based on harmony between humans and nature.
恩格斯早就指出：“我們不要過分陶醉于我們人類對自然界的勝利。對于每一次這樣的勝利，自然界都對我們進行報復。”第一次工業革命以來，人類利用自然的能力不斷提高，但過度開發也導致生物多樣性減少，迫使野生動物遷徙，增加野生動物體內病原的擴散傳播。新世紀以來，從非典到禽流感、中東呼吸綜合征、埃博拉病毒，再到這次新冠肺炎疫情，全球新發傳染病頻率明顯升高。只有更好平衡人與自然的關系，維護生態系統平衡，才能守護人類健康。要深化對人與自然生命共同體的規律性認識，全面加快生態文明建設。生態文明這個旗幟必須高揚。
Friedrich Engels made it clear long ago: “Let us not, however, flatter ourselves overmuch on account of our human victories over nature. For each such victory nature takes its revenge on us.” Since the first industrial revolution, humankind has constantly become better able to exploit nature, but overdevelopment has led to a reduction in biodiversity, forced wildlife migrations, and increased transmission of wildlife pathogens. Since the beginning of this century, humankind has suffered from SARS, avian influenza, MERS, Ebola, and Covid-19, as the emergence of new infectious diseases has become more frequent worldwide. Only by maintaining a balance between humans and nature and preserving ecosystems can we protect human health. We must understand deeply that humans and nature form a community of life and step up efforts on all fronts to build an eco-civilization. We must always uphold ecological progress.
越來越多的人類活動不斷觸及自然生態的邊界和底線。要為自然守住安全邊界和底線，形成人與自然和諧共生的格局。這里既包括有形的邊界，也包括無形的邊界。要完善國土空間規劃，落實好主體功能區戰略，明確生態紅線，加快形成自然保護地體系，完善生物多樣性保護網絡，在空間上對經濟社會活動進行合理限定。
Increasing human activities continue to touch the boundaries and baselines of ecosystems. We must protect boundaries and baselines, both tangible and intangible, to ensure harmony between humans and nature. We need to improve planning regarding our territorial space, ensure implementation of the functional zoning strategy, and draw up redlines for protecting ecosystems. We should accelerate efforts to establish a system of nature reserves, develop biodiversity protection networks, and define reasonable spatial limits for economic and social activities.
要增強全民族生態環保意識，鼓勵綠色生產和消費，推動形成健康文明生產生活方式。要深入開展愛國衛生運動，倡導健康飲食文化和良好生活習慣，嚴厲打擊非法捕殺和交易野生動物的行為。
We should enhance our whole nation’s awareness of the need to protect the environment and ecosystems, encourage green production and consumption, and promote healthy and positive ways of working and living. We should carry out patriotic health campaigns extensively, advocate healthy diets and lifestyles, and crack down hard on illegal wildlife hunting and trade.
第六，加強公共衛生體系建設。我國公共衛生事業取得了舉世公認的成就，但這次疫情防控也反映出我國公共衛生領域還存在明顯短板，需要加快補上。
Sixth, we must strengthen our public health system.
Though we can boast our remarkable achievements in public health, we must move quickly to strengthen areas of weakness exposed in our response to Covid-19.
要從頂層設計上提高公共衛生體系在國家治理體系中的地位，充實中央、省、市、縣四級公共衛生機構，加強專業人才培養和隊伍建設，提高履職盡責能力。要改善城鄉公共衛生環境，加強農村、社區等基層防控和公共衛生服務。要加強公共衛生機構、醫院感染病科、生物實驗室等的規劃建設，做好敏感醫療和實驗數據管理。要加強衛生健康教育和科學知識普及，提高群眾公共衛生素養。在這次疫情防控中，中醫發揮了重要作用，要及時總結經驗，加強科學論證，大力發展中醫藥事業，加強中西醫結合，不斷提高能力和水平。
We need to improve top-level design to elevate the role of the public health system in our country’s governance structure, develop public health institutions at the central, provincial, city, and county levels, strengthen cultivation of health specialists and training of health workers, and enhance their ability to perform their duties. We need to improve the public health environment in rural and urban areas and develop strong prevention and control capabilities and public health services in villages and communities. We need to step up planning and construction of public health institutions, departments of infectious diseases in hospitals, and biological laboratories, and ensure sound management of sensitive medical and experimental data. We need to boost education of health care and scientific knowledge and increase people’s awareness of public health. Traditional Chinese medicine has played an important role in our Covid-19 response. We should draw on our experience, carry out scientific research, work hard to develop traditional Chinese medicine, and integrate it with Western medicine, so as to constantly improve our capabilities in this regard.
歷次抗擊重大傳染病疫情的實踐表明，必須加快形成從下到上早發現、早預警、早應對的體系，努力把疫情控制在萌芽狀態。要把增強早期監測預警能力作為健全公共衛生體系的重中之重，完善公共衛生應急管理體系。要加強疾控、醫院、科研單位間的信息共享，增強各類已知和新發傳染病預警能力。
Our fights against major infectious diseases have revealed that we must move more quickly to develop a bottom-up system that ensures early detection, warning, and response so as to control diseases as they arise. We need to make enhancing initial monitoring and early warning capabilities the most urgent priority as we improve our public health system and develop our public health emergency management system. We need to strengthen information sharing between disease control and prevention centers, hospitals, and research institutes to enhance their abilities to provide early warnings of infectious diseases, known or unknown.
