共建地球生命共同體：中國在行動
Building a Shared Future for All Life on Earth: China in Action
——聯合國生物多樣性峰會中方立場文件
– Position Paper of the People’s Republic of China for the United Nations Summit on Biodiversity
中方支持聯合國舉辦生物多樣性峰會，贊賞聯合國一直以來在推動全球環境治理進程所作努力和貢獻。在全球生物多樣性喪失加速、疫情對經濟社會帶來全面沖擊的背景下，各方更應攜手合作，共同應對全球生物多樣性面臨的嚴峻挑戰。
China supports the United Nations in holding the Biodiversity Summit and lauds the UN efforts and contributions in advancing global environmental governance. Against the backdrop of accelerated global biodiversity loss and the impact of COVID-19 on various aspects of the economy and society, it is imperative that all parties work together to address the serious challenges facing global biodiversity.
中方高度重視生物多樣性工作，堅持生態文明思想，不斷加速生物多樣性在國內各部門和各領域的主流化，通過實施生態保護工程等措施促進生態系統有效修復和保護，著力提高公眾參與度，推動生物多樣性國際合作與交流，美麗中國的建設進程不斷推進。中方愿與各方分享生態文明建設經驗，加強生物多樣性合作，共同邁向“人與自然和諧共處”的2050年愿景。
China attaches great importance to biodiversity, adheres to the philosophy of ecological civilization, and has been working continuously to expedite the mainstreaming of biodiversity across all departments and sectors, promote effective restoration and protection of ecosystems through the implementation of ecological conservation projects and other measures, improve public participation, and boost international cooperation and exchanges on biodiversity. Sustained efforts have been made toward the initiative of “building a beautiful China”. China is ready to share its experience in advancing ecological civilization with all parties and step up cooperation on biodiversity in order to move the world toward the 2050 Vision of “Living in harmony with nature”.
作為《生物多樣性公約》第十五次締約方大會（COP15）主席國，中方堅定支持多邊主義，一直是生物多樣性多邊進程的積極參與者和推動者。中方主張平衡推進《生物多樣性公約》確定的保護生物多樣性、持續利用其組成部分、公平合理分享由利用遺傳資源而產生的惠益的三大目標，在堅持公正、透明、締約方驅動原則前提下，推動各方擴大共識、相向而行，推動達成既具雄心又平衡務實的“2020年后全球生物多樣性框架”，推動形成更加公正合理、各盡所能的生物多樣性治理體系。
As the incoming presidency of the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), China is a staunch advocate of multilateralism and has always been an active participant and facilitator of the multilateral process of biodiversity. China stands for the balanced implementation of the Convention’s three objectives, namely the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. China urges all parties, under the principles of fairness, transparency and parties-driven process, to broaden consensus, move in the same direction, and facilitate the adoption of an ambitious, balanced and realistic Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, and move toward a more just and equitable biodiversity governance system that embodies the best efforts of all parties.
一、堅持生態文明思想
I. Adhering to the Philosophy of Ecological Civilization
為應對工業化過程所帶來的環境污染、生態系統退化等嚴峻挑戰，中國政府倡導并建設生態文明。生態文明思想繼承了中國古代“天人合一”“道法自然”的優秀傳統思想，是以人與自然、人與人、人與社會和諧共生、良性循環、全面發展、持續繁榮為基本宗旨的文化倫理形態。生態文明思想包含“八個堅持”原則，即堅持生態興則文明興，堅持人與自然和諧共生，堅持綠水青山就是金山銀山，堅持良好生態環境是最普惠的民生福祉，堅持山水林田湖草是生命共同體，堅持用最嚴格制度最嚴密法治保護生態環境，堅持建設美麗中國全民行動，堅持共謀全球生態文明建設，將生態文明全面融入經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設各方面和全過程。生態文明思想所倡導的原則，與《生物多樣性公約》確定的保護生物多樣性、持續利用其組成部分、公平合理分享由利用遺傳資源而產生的惠益的三大目標，以及“人與自然和諧共生”的2050年愿景高度契合。
In light of the serious challenges presented by industrialization such as environmental pollution and ecosystem degradation, the Chinese government has been advocating and working to advance ecological civilization, which draws upon the ancient Chinese notion of “unity of nature and man” and “follow nature’s course”. It embodies the cultural ethics based on the tenets of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, among human beings and between humanity and society, virtuous cycle, all-round development and sustainable prosperity. The philosophy is underpinned by eight principles that China upholds, i.e., civilizations thrive on their natural surroundings; man and nature should coexist in harmony; lucid water and lush mountains are invaluable assets; no welfare is more universally beneficial than a sound natural environment; mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands are part of a community of life; the strictest regulations and laws must be applied in protecting the environment; an all-nation effort is needed to build a beautiful China; global ecological conservation requires the joint efforts of all; and ecological civilization must be incorporated into all aspects and the whole process of advancing economic, political, cultural, and social progress. These principles align closely with the three objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity: the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. They are also highly compatible with the 2050 Vision “Living in harmony with nature”.
近年來，中國將“生態文明”寫入憲法，納入國家發展總體布局，提出創新、協調、綠色、開放、共享的發展理念。在生態文明思想的指導下，中國生態文明建設進入了快車道，天更藍、山更綠、水更清將不斷展現在世人面前。
Ecological civilization was enshrined in the Chinese Constitution in 2018 and embedded in the master blueprint of national development. China has put forward the philosophy of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development. Guided by the philosophy of ecological civilization, China’s efforts in this regard have kicked into high gear. The beautiful scroll of bluer skies, greener mountains and clearer waters will unfold in front of the world.
構建地球生命共同體是人類的共同夢想。面對生態問題的挑戰，人類是一榮俱榮、一損俱損的命運共同體。中國堅持生態文明思想，在生態文明建設方面取得顯著成就，中國愿與國際社會攜手同行，牢固樹立尊重自然、順應自然、保護自然的意識，積極分享中國生態文明建設的經驗，堅持綠色發展理念，倡導低碳、循環、可持續的生產生活方式，共建地球生命共同體，共謀全球生態文明之路。
Building a shared future for all life on Earth represents the shared aspiration of mankind. Faced with the ecological challenges, all people are members of a community where they rise and fall together. China adheres to the philosophy of ecological civilization and has made remarkable progress in this respect. China is willing to join hands with the international community to raise the awareness of respecting, following and protecting nature, actively share its experience in advancing ecological civilization, stay committed to green development and a low-carbon, circular and sustainable mode of production and life, jointly build a shared future for all life on Earth, and chart the course for global ecological civilization.
二、采取有力政策措施
II. Adopting Strong Policy Measures
（一）加速生物多樣性主流化進程
1. Accelerating the Mainstreaming of Biodiversity
建立生物多樣性部門協調機制。2011年，中國成立由國務院副總理任主任，23個國務院部門組成的“中國生物多樣性保護國家委員會”，有力促進各部門間溝通與協調，統籌推進全國生物多樣性工作。
China has developed inter-agency government coordination mechanisms for biodiversity. In 2011, the China National Committee for Biodiversity Conservation (CNCBC), composed of 23 departments under the State Council and headed by a Vice Premier, was established to promote communication and collaboration among departments and coordinate biodiversity actions at the national level.
制定實施生物多樣性保護戰略計劃。中國于2010年制定并實施了《中國生物多樣性保護戰略與行動計劃》（2011—2030年），提出中國未來20年生物多樣性保護總體目標、戰略任務和優先行動。自2015年起，通過實施生物多樣性保護重大工程，對全國野生動植物資源進行調查觀測，調查記錄超過210萬條，不斷跟蹤評估《中國生物多樣性保護戰略與行動計劃》（2011—2030年）執行進展。
China has formulated and executed a strategic plan for biodiversity conservation. Drafted and adopted in 2010, the China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2011-2030) identified the overall goals, strategic tasks and priority actions for biodiversity conservation in the country for the coming two decades. Since 2015, China has conducted wildlife survey and monitoring through major biodiversity conservation projects, logging more than 2.1 million entries. Continued efforts have been made to track and evaluate the progress in the implementation of the Strategy and Action Plan.
將生物多樣性納入經濟社會發展和生態保護修復規劃、國土空間規劃及其專項規劃。中國高度重視生物多樣性，將其納入《中華人民共和國國民經濟和社會發展第十三個五年規劃綱要》（2016—2020年），通過建立國土空間規劃體系，劃定生態保護紅線，開展自然保護地體系建設，形成生態保護總體格局，并在生態保護與建設、水土保持、耕地草原河湖休養生息、瀕危野生動植物保護、水資源保護等相關規劃和計劃中進一步明確生物多樣性保護和管理措施。今年6月，中國發布了《全國重要生態系統保護和修復重大工程總體規劃（2021—2035年）》，全面提出未來十五年生態系統綜合治理目標。
China has incorporated biodiversity into its overall planning for economic and social development, ecological protection and restoration, land use as well as its special plans. The country puts biodiversity conservation high on the agenda, codifying it into the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development (2016-2020). A comprehensive structure for ecological conservation has taken shape, marked by the introduction of a national spatial planning framework, setting the ecological conservation red lines and development of a nature reserve system. Measures for the protection and management of biodiversity are clearly identified through plans for ecological protection and improvement, water and soil conservation, rehabilitation of farmland, grassland, rivers and lakes, and protection of endangered wildlife and water resources. In June this year, China unveiled a 15-year comprehensive plan for ecosystem management entitled the Master Plan for the Major Projects for the Protection and Restoration of National Key Ecosystems (2021-2035).
加速推進地方生物多樣性保護工作。四川、黑龍江等20多個地方政府先后發布了地方生物多樣性保護戰略與行動計劃，設立生物多樣性保護委員會，并將其作為推動生物多樣性相關政策和行動落實的協調機制，參與地方和部門的重要決策與部署，有力推動地方生物多樣性保護工作。
China has accelerated biodiversity conservation efforts at the local level. More than 20 local governments, such as Sichuan and Heilongjiang, have unveiled Provincial Biodiversity Conservation Strategies and Action Plans, with biodiversity conservation committees established to coordinate the implementation of related policies and actions and participate in major decision-making and planning at the local and departmental level in order to effectively support subnational biodiversity conservation.
（二）完善法律法規和政策體系
2. Improving the Legal and Policy Frameworks
為生物多樣性保護提供堅實法律保障。中國頒布和修訂了《環境保護法》《野生動物保護法》《種子法》《畜牧法》《漁業法》《森林法》《草原法》《海洋環境保護法》《自然保護區條例》《野生植物保護條例》等多部與生物多樣性相關的法律法規，積極推動完善生物物種資源保護與監管、生物安全及生態損害賠償法律法規。生物多樣性保護和可持續利用的法律體系不斷完善。
China has provided solid legal safeguards for biodiversity conservation. The country has promulgated and revised a host of laws and regulations pertinent to biodiversity conservation, including those on environmental protection, wild animal protection, seeds, livestock, fishery, forestry, grassland, the marine environment, protection of nature reserves and wild plants. Vigorous efforts have also been made to refine laws and regulations on the protection and oversight of biological resources, biosafety and compensation for ecological damage. The legal framework for the protection and sustainable use of biodiversity has seen continuous improvement.
為生物多樣性保護制定全面有效政策。中國先后出臺《關于加快推進生態文明建設的意見》《生態文明體制改革總體方案》等40多項涉及生態文明建設的文件，發布了《關于劃定并嚴守生態保護紅線的若干意見》《關于建立以國家公園為主體的自然保護地體系的指導意見》《建立國家公園體制總體方案》等政策措施，為中國生物多樣性保護工作提供了政策保障。
Comprehensive and effective policies for biodiversity conservation have been devised. China has released some 40 documents on advancing ecological civilization, including the Opinions on Accelerating the Advancement of Ecological Civilization and the Integrated Reform Plan for Promoting Ecological Progress. In the meantime, policy measures, such as the Opinions on Delineating and Strictly Observing the Ecological Conservation Red Lines, Guidance on Establishing a Protected Area System Composed Mainly of National Parks, and the Overall Plan for Establishing a National Park System, provide the policy backbone for biodiversity conservation in China.
立法革除濫食野生動物陋習，保障人民群眾健康。2020年2月24日全國人大常委會表決通過了《關于全面禁止非法野生動物交易、革除濫食野生動物陋習、切實保障人民群眾生命健康安全的決定》。全國人大常委會還明確提出要修訂《野生動物保護法》及其相關法律，加快《生物安全法》的立法進程。
China has introduced legislation to ban the consumption of wild animals in order to protect public health. On February 24, 2020, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress voted in favor of the Decision to Comprehensively Prohibit the Illegal Trade of Wild Animals, Eliminate the Bad Habits of Wild Animal Consumption, and Protect the Health and Safety of the People. The Committee also explicitly stated the need to amend the Law on Wild Animal Protection and related regulations and to accelerate the legislation on biosafety.
（三）提供資金保障
3. Funding Support
近年來，中國政府投入生物多樣性保護領域的資金持續加大。2017—2018年，連續兩年安排超過2600億資金投入生物多樣性相關工作，是2008年投入的6倍。主要涉及領域包括自然保護區、天然林保護、自然生態保護、退耕還林還草、退牧還草、農業資源保護修復與利用、生物及物種資源保護、外來物種管理、草原保護與恢復、森林資源管理、野生動植物保護、濕地保護、荒漠化石漠化治理、降低捕撈強度、海洋環境保護與監測和相關轉移支付等。僅國家級自然保護區領域，“十三五”期間即累計安排中央預算內投資12億元，開展相關項目建設，提升國家級自然保護區管理、監測、科研能力。
Funding from the Chinese government toward biodiversity conservation has grown steadily in recent years. Over 260 billion yuan was earmarked in biodiversity-related causes each year in 2017 and 2018, six times the amount in 2008. The funding was mainly directed toward such areas as nature reserves, the protection of natural forests and ecosystems, conversion of farmland to forest and grassland, conversion of grazing land to grassland, protection, restoration and utilization of agricultural resources, protection of biological resources, alien species management, grassland protection and restoration, forest resources management, wildlife protection, wetland protection, control of desertification and rocky desertification, reduction of fishing intensity, marine environmental protection and monitoring and related transfer payments. A total of 1.2 billion yuan is allocated from the central budget for national nature reserves alone during the 13th Five-Year Plan period for projects designed to improve their management, monitoring, and scientific research capabilities.
妥善利用財稅激勵措施，積極調動民間資本。2008年中國制定出臺多項所得稅優惠法律條款和政策，對符合條件的環境保護、節能節水、資源綜合利用、公共污水處理、公共垃圾處理等企業的應納所得稅允許不同比例的稅前扣除、減免和減半征收。2009年起，中國對成品油消費稅政策進行調整，通過提高消費稅費單位稅額，有效發揮稅收杠桿作用來促進資源環境保護。2012年起在多個省份提高排污費征收標準，調整后污染物排污費征收標準增長一倍左右。2018年度，中國民間組織共募集生態環境保護資金30億元，用于野生動物保護、海洋和濕地保護、植樹植草及環境教育等。2020年中國設立國家綠色發展基金，首期募資規模885億元，通過創新性金融制度，采用市場化運作和企業化管理，構建政府主導、企業主體、社會組織和公眾共同參與的綠色金融責任體系，引導和激勵更多社會資本投入綠色產業。
China has used a gamut of fiscal and tax incentives to mobilize private capital for biodiversity conservation. In 2008, the country rolled out a number of preferential income tax provisions and policies and allowed pre-tax deductions, tax exemptions and 50% discounts for eligible enterprises in such sectors as environmental protection, energy and water conservation, comprehensive utilization of resources, public sewage treatment and waste disposal. China adjusted the consumption tax on refined oil products in 2009, which aided in environmental sustainability by increasing the unit tax and leveraging the role of tax measures. Since 2012, pollution discharge fees have been roughly doubled in a number of provinces. In 2018, China’s environmental NGOs raised a total of 3 billion yuan for the protection of wildlife, the marine environment and wetlands, re-vegetation with trees and grasses and environmental education. In 2020, a national green development fund with a registered capital of 88.5 billion yuan was set up. The move is aimed at establishing a green financial system led by the government, predominated by the businesses and participated by social organizations and the public to direct and incentivize more private investments into green industries through innovative financial mechanisms, market-oriented operations and corporate management practices.
（四）加強生態保護和恢復
4. Strengthening Ecological Protection and Restoration
在濕地、森林、河流、荒漠等領域實施多項重大生態保護工程，取得積極進展。中國堅持“山水林田湖草是生命共同體”的理念，注重自然地理單元的連續性、完整性，物種棲息地的聯通性，充分發揮大自然的自我恢復能力，科學推進生態系統修復工程，先后實施了山水林田湖草生態保護修復、退耕還林還草、退田還濕、三北和長江等重點防護林體系建設、天然林保護、森林質量精準提升、京津風沙源治理、石漠化綜合治理、海洋牧場、長江流域重點水域禁捕等重點生態工程，有效改善和恢復了重點區域野生動植物生境。森林面積穩步提升，草原退化趨勢得到遏制，濕地保護初見成效。自20世紀80年代末以來，森林面積和森林蓄積連續30年保持“雙增長”。2009—2019年，全國共完成造林面積7130.7萬公頃，成為同期全球森林資源增長最多的國家。衛星觀測數據發現，全球從2000—2017年新增的綠地面積中，25%以上來自中國，中國對全球綠化增量的貢獻居全球首位。
An array of major ecological protection projects in such areas as wetlands, forests, rivers and desertification have been conducted, and tremendous strides have been made. China subscribes to the philosophy that “mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands are part of a community of life”, and values the continuity and integrity of the natural geographical unit as well as habitat connectivity. Leveraging the self-healing power of nature and advancing ecological restoration projects in a scientific manner, the country has carried out a series of key programs including the protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands, conversion of farmland to forest and grassland, conversion of farmland to wetland, establishment of shelterbelts such as the “Three-North” Shelterbelt and the Yangtze River Shelterbelt, natural forest protection, forest quality improvement, the Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project, comprehensive treatment of rocky desertification, marine pastures and fishing prohibition in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin. These projects have helped enhance and restore wildlife habitats in key areas. The forest coverage has steadily increased; grassland degradation has been curbed; and wetland protection efforts have seen initial success. Since the tail-end of the 1980s, both forest cover and stock volume have grown for 30 consecutive years. Between 2009 and 2019, China topped the world in forest resource increase with a total of 71.307 million hectares of land afforested. Satellite data show that more than a quarter of the newly added green space in the world between 2000 and 2017 was in China, making it the largest contributor to the greening of the global landscape.
穩步建立生態保護紅線制度。生態保護紅線是國土空間規劃和管理的重要制度創新，是繼“18億畝耕地紅線”后，另一條被提到國家層面的“生命線”，對維系生態安全格局、維護生態系統功能、保障經濟社會可持續發展具有重要作用，計劃到2020年底生態保護紅線劃定面積占比達到25%左右。在國土空間規劃中逐級劃定落實生態保護紅線，將生態功能極重要和極脆弱區域劃入生態保護紅線，覆蓋以國家公園為主體的各類自然保護地等，通過嚴格管理，減少人為活動對生態環境的擾動。生態保護紅線是中國保護生物多樣性、調整經濟結構、規劃產業發展、推進新型城鎮化不可逾越的紅線，但并不意味著對所有區域都實行“絕對”保護，它既不是“無人區”，也不是發展的“真空區”。中國政府鼓勵各地合理利用生態保護紅線內的優質生態資源，探索實現生態產品價值的機制。把綠水青山轉化為金山銀山，實現生態優勢向經濟優勢的轉化。
China has been working steadily to put in place a red line system for ecological protection, which marks a crucial institutional innovation for national spatial planning and management. It is yet another line in the sand drawn by the Chinese government following the declaration of a red line of no less than 1.8 billion mu (120 million hectares) of arable land. The country’s ecological red line is critical in maintaining its ecological security, ecosystem function, and sustainable socioeconomic development. About a quarter of land is scheduled to be covered by the red line by the end of 2020. An ecological red line has been drawn at each level down the chain of government spatial planning. The areas under special protection are important ecologically functional zones and ecologically vulnerable areas and cover all types of nature reserves with national parks being the main component. Environmental degradation caused by human activity has been reduced through strict management protocols. China does not allow its ecological protection red lines to be trampled upon as it strives to protect biodiversity, adjust its economic structure, draw blueprints for industrial development and promote a new type of urbanization. However, this is not equivalent to “absolute” protection for all areas, and is by no means “no man’s land” or a “vacuum” for development. The Chinese government encourages the sustainable utilization of high-quality ecological resources and the exploration of mechanisms to tap into the value of ecological products. In other words, lucid waters and lush mountains can be invaluable assets and the ecological benefits can be harnessed to create economic gains.
（五）不斷完善就地與遷地保護
5. Continuing to Improve In-situ and Ex-situ Conservation
在就地保護方面，中國積極建立以國家公園為主體的自然保護地體系。截至2018年底，各類自然保護地總數量已達1.18萬個，其中國家公園試點10個，國家級自然保護區474個，省級自然保護區864個。各類自然保護地面積超過172.8萬平方公里，占國土面積18%以上。基本形成類型比較齊全、布局基本合理、功能相對完善的自然保護地體系，90%的陸地自然生態系統類型、89%的國家重點保護野生動植物種類以及大多數重要自然遺跡在自然保護區中得到有效保護。
In terms of in-situ conservation, China has made active efforts to establish a protected area system with national parks being the main component. By the end of 2018, China had identified 11,800 protected areas, including 10 pilot national parks, and 474 national-level and 864 provincial-level nature reserves. Together, they span a total of 1.728 million square kilometers, accounting for more than 18% of China’s land mass. A protected area system with a relatively broad spectrum of reserve types, sound layout and complete set of functions has been put in place. Some 90% of the types of natural terrestrial ecosystems, 89% of the species on the national key list of protected wild plants and animals and the majority of China’s natural relics are being protected in the nature reserves.
在遷地保護方面，中國建立植物園（樹木園）近200個，保存植物2.3萬余種。建立動物園（動物展區）240多個，飼養各類動物775種；建立250處野生動物救護繁育基地，大熊貓、朱鹮等近10種瀕危動物種群開始恢復，60多種珍稀、瀕危野生動物人工繁殖成功和建立穩定人工種群。
When it comes to ex-situ conservation, China has set up nearly 200 botanical gardens (arboretums) and preserved more than 23,000 species of plants. The country has also built over 240 zoos (animal exhibition sites), in which 775 species of animals are being cared for, and established 250 wild animal rescue and breeding centers. The populations of close to 10 endangered species including the giant panda and crested ibis have begun to rebound. More than 60 rare and endangered wild animal species have gained a stable population through artificial propagation.
（六）加強基礎能力建設
6. Strengthening Capacity Building
持續推進數據監測、研究和整理工作。中國先后編制并發布一系列相關技術規范，建立了由10個專項網和1個綜合監測管理中心組成的中國生物多樣性監測與研究網絡。中國還開展了生物多樣性編目，先后編制了《中國生物多樣性紅色名錄—高等植物卷》《中國生物多樣性紅色名錄—脊椎動物卷》《中國生物多樣性紅色名錄—大型真菌卷》《中國生物物種名錄》等重要的生物物種名錄，為掌握全國生物多樣性本底積累了基礎數據。
China has been committed to data monitoring, research and collation. The country has issued a series of technical guidelines in this field, and created a national biodiversity monitoring and research network composed of 10 special networks and 1 integrated monitoring and management center. It has also undertaken efforts to catalogue biodiversity, resulting in such valuable works as China Biodiversity Red List – Higher Plants, China Biodiversity Red List – Vertebrates, China Biodiversity Red List – Large Fungi and Catalogue of Life in China. They laid a data groundwork for understanding and assessing China’s biodiversity.
大力開展遺傳資源保護設施建設。中國建設了長期庫、中期庫、種質圃、原生境保護點和基因庫相結合的國家作物種質資源保護體系。建立了保種場、保護區和基因庫相配套的國家畜禽遺傳資源保護體系。截至目前，中國長期保存作物資源51萬份、畜禽地方品種560多個，位居世界前列。全國范圍內建設31個藥用植物種質資源保存圃，2個種質資源庫，保存種子種苗1.2萬多份。
China has vigorously built conservation facilities for genetic resources. A national crop germplasm resources conservation system featuring a consortium of long-term banks, mid-term banks, germplasm repositories, in-situ conservation sites and gene banks has been developed. The country has also established a system of protection for livestock and poultry genetic resources supported by the triple helix of breeding protection sites, protected areas and gene banks. To date, 510,000 specimens of crop plants and more than 560 local breeds of livestock and poultry are being preserved long-term. China ranks among the top in the world by both metrics. The country has set up 31 repositories for the preservation of medicinal plant species and 2 germplasm resource banks, which are responsible for the safekeeping of over 12,000 specimens of seeds and seedlings.
提升外來入侵物種防控能力。中國完善外來物種管理法律制度，發布自然生態系統外來入侵物種名單，指導地方開展外來入侵物種調查監測、防控滅除和監督管理。中國發布了一系列轉基因生物及其產品的監測和風險評價技術標準和規范，轉基因生物安全管理體系進一步完善。制定并實施《全國動植物保護能力提升工程建設規劃（2017—2025年）》，重點加強外來入侵物種防控能力建設，積極防范外來物種入侵。
China has worked to improve the prevention and control of invasive alien species by refining the legal regime for their management, releasing the list of invasive alien species likely to threaten biodiversity and ecosystems, and advising and supporting local governments in the investigation, monitoring, prevention, elimination and management of invasive alien species. China has also issued a series of technical standards and specifications for the monitoring and risk assessment of genetically modified organisms and products, and improved its GMO safety management. The National Animal and Plant Protection Capacity Improvement Plan (2017-2025) has been devised and implemented to strengthen China’s ability to prevent and manage invasive alien species.
（七）加大生物多樣性保護監督檢查力度
7. Strengthening the Supervision and Inspection of Biodiversity Conservation
中國持續加大對破壞及危害生物多樣性等違法活動的監督檢查力度，完成了400多處國家級自然保護區衛星遙感監測，225處國家級風景名勝區遙感監測全覆蓋，對涉及自然保護區的違法活動采取零容忍態度，通過開展監督檢查專項行動進行嚴肅查處。此外積極開展國際合作，查處涉及野生動植物的違法犯罪案件，持續開展打擊整治槍爆物品違法犯罪專項行動，從源頭遏制持槍狩獵活動發生；嚴厲打擊走私珍貴瀕危野生動植物及其制品等違法行為，對非法攜帶和郵寄種子種苗等違法行為進行堅決查處，開展打擊長江流域非法捕撈專項整治行動和打擊市場銷售長江流域非法捕撈漁獲物專項行動，斬斷非法捕撈、運輸、銷售長江野生魚類的產業鏈。
China has continued to step up oversight and investigation of illegal activities such as the damage and endangerment of biodiversity. The monitoring of some 400 national nature reserves through satellite remote sensing has been completed, and 225 national scenic areas are all under the monitoring of remote sensing instruments. The country has adopted a zero-tolerance policy toward illegal activities in nature reserves, and imposed severe penalties accordingly following special investigations. China has actively engaged in international cooperation to investigate and prosecute criminal acts involving wildlife, and conducted special operations to combat illegal firearms and explosives in order to curb at the source the use of firearms for hunting. In addition, the country has cracked down on such activities as the trafficking of precious or endangered animal and plant species and products, investigated and prosecuted the illicit distribution and mailing of seeds and seedlings, launched special campaigns against illegal fishing in the Yangtze River Basin and the sale of illegally caught fish, and cut off the chain of unlawful fishing, transportation and sale of wild fish in the Yangtze River.
三、促進可持續發展
III. Promoting Sustainable Development
（一）生物多樣性改善民生
1. Improving People’s Livelihood through Biodiversity
積極探索生物多樣性保護與減貧協同推進。中國大力實施精準扶貧、精準脫貧基本方略，培育優勢資源、發展生態產業，積極推進生物多樣性保護與減貧試點示范，在充分考慮地方優勢生物資源的基礎上，研究探索出適合當地的生物多樣性保護與減貧協同推進模式，試點地區生物資源均得到有效保護，貧困戶年收入顯著增加。
Proactive actions are taken to pursue synergistic progress in biodiversity conservation and poverty reduction. China has taken major steps in implementing the fundamental strategies for targeted poverty alleviation and elimination, fostering competitive resources to develop eco-industries while actively facilitating pilot and demonstration projects of biodiversity conservation and poverty reduction. With a synergistic model of biodiversity conservation and poverty reduction designed with advantageous local bio-resources taken into consideration, these bio-resources are effectively protected while the poverty-stricken households have seen significant increase in their annual income.
在開展生物多樣性保護扶貧中，中國注重因地制宜，創新發展模式，發展特色產業。湖北省五峰土家族自治縣地處生物多樣性關鍵地區，也是國家級貧困縣，通過建立蜜蜂養殖、蜜源植物種植與保護生物多樣性協調的減貧模式，全縣貧困戶中有3500個有望脫貧，戶均增收5000多元。該案例于2019年入選由世界銀行、聯合國糧農組織等聯合發起的“110個全球減貧案例征集活動”最佳案例。
In poverty alleviation through biodiversity, China focuses on specific local conditions in innovating development models and empowering industries with distinctive local features. In Wufeng Tujia Ethnic Autonomous County in Hubei Province, a national-level impoverished county which is located in a key area of biodiversity, through a poverty reduction model featuring beekeeping and nectariferous plant farming in synergy with biodiversity conservation, 3,500 households are expected to shake off poverty, with an average income increase of over 5,000 yuan per household. This case was selected as one of the 110 Cases of Global Best Practice in Poverty Reduction initiated jointly by the World Bank and the FAO.
2016年以來，河北省圍場縣八頃村根據當地氣候和土壤優勢，積極探索發展生物多樣性保護與減貧的產業項目，包括玫瓏瓜種植、金蓮花種植、有機富硒馬鈴薯種植、菊芋種植等產業，闖出一條生態產業致富路，帶動全村貧困群眾脫貧增收，形成了產業項目持續穩定發展的良好局面。2019年底實現整村脫貧，貧困綜合發生率降至0.34%。
Since 2016, Baqing Village of Weichang County, Hebei Province has been actively engaged in industrial projects of biodiversity conservation and poverty reduction, capitalizing on local climate and soil advantages. A thriving economy empowered by eco-industries has taken shape with musk melons, trollius chinensis, selenium-rich organic potatoes and jerusalem artichoke generating higher income for the villagers. Thanks to the sustained and steady progress in the industrial projects, the entire village shook off poverty by the end of 2019 and the comprehensive incidence of poverty reduced to 0.34%
（二）促進生物多樣性可持續利用
2. Promoting Sustainable Use of Biodiversity
扎實推動農業、林業等領域生物多樣性可持續利用。中國通過建立生態文明建設目標評價考核、自然資源有償使用、生態保護補償、生態環境損害賠償、自然資源資產離任審計等制度，積極推動林業、草原、濕地、農業、海洋等領域的生物多樣性可持續發展，增加森林、草原、濕地等資源總量，增強生態系統功能，加強資源保護及災害防控，協同推進生物多樣性保護工作。執行《全國農業可持續發展規劃（2015—2030年）》，化肥用量提前實現負增長，畜禽糞污、秸稈綜合利用水平明顯提升。
Substantial progress is made in sustainable use of biodiversity in agriculture and forestry. By introducing ecological civilization performance assessment and accountability, compensated use of natural resources, compensation for ecological conservation, accountability for ecological and environmental damage, off-office auditing of natural resources and assets, among other systems, China is actively promoting sustainable development of biodiversity in forestry, grassland, wetland, agriculture and marine environment, increasing the total forestry, grassland and wetland resources, enhancing the functions of ecosystems and implementing effective measures for resources conservation and disaster prevention for synergistic promotion of biodiversity conservation. With the implementation of the National Plan for Sustainable Development of Agriculture (2015-2030), a negative growth in the use of chemical fertilizers has been achieved ahead of schedule and the comprehensive utilization of livestock and poultry manure and crop stalks has experienced significant improvement.
強化海洋資源和水生生物資源可持續利用。中國實施了基于生態系統的海洋綜合管理，開展一系列資源養護政策和措施，加強水生生物保護，可持續利用現有漁業資源。2003年以來，中國對第一大河長江全流域實行了每年3至4個月的禁漁期，2020年1月1日起，長江流域332個水生生物保護區實現全面禁捕，2021年1月1日起，將在長江干流和重要支流以及大型通江湖泊等重點水域實行10年禁捕，為長江生態系統休養生息提供時間和空間，守護長江生物多樣性基因庫。實施生態保護修復，強化珍稀瀕危水生生物保護，大力開展水生生物資源增殖行動，放流重要水生生物苗種，有效修復水生生物資源。實施海洋伏季休漁和捕撈漁船“雙控”制度，逐步壓減海洋捕撈機動漁船數量和總功率，降低對漁業資源的捕撈壓力。實施海洋漁業資源總量管理制度，逐步降低海洋捕撈產量，努力實現海洋捕撈總產量與海洋漁業資源承載能力相協調。
Sustainable use of marine resources and aquatic life resources has been enhanced. With ecosystem-based comprehensive marine management implemented in China, a set of policies and measures for resources conservation are put in place for better protection of aquatic life and sustainable utilization of existing fishery resources. Since 2003, the entire basin of the Yangtze River, the longest river in China, is subject to 3 to 4 months of fishing prohibition annually; since January 1, 2020, a fishing ban has been imposed on all 332 aquatic life conservation areas in the Yangtze River Basin; Starting on January 1, 2021, a ten-year fishing ban will be imposed on the mainstream and key tributaries of the Yangtze River as well as major lakes connected to it to provide time and space for the rehabilitation of its ecosystem, hence protecting the gene bank of biodiversity. Actions are taken for ecological conservation and restoration, emphasizing the protection of rare and endangered aquatic species, the proliferation of aquatic life resources and effective restoration by releasing fish fry into the waters. Summer moratorium of marine fishing and “double control” of fishing vessels, i.e., gradual reduction of both the number and total power of fishing vessels, are pursued to relieve the fishing pressure on fishery resources. A cap-based management system is implemented on marine fishery resources to gradually cut the marine catch, aiming at a balance between total marine catch and marine fishing resources capacity.
（三）生物多樣性促進社會公平
3. Promoting Social Justice through Biodiversity
建立生態補償機制，促進地區間、產業間均衡發展。中國持續加強重點生態功能區轉移支付以及森林生態效益補償、草原生態保護補助獎勵和濕地生態補償等方面的投入，開展生態核心區內居民生態搬遷、貧困地區集體林權制度改革、完善橫向生態補償等方式，推進生態保護扶貧行動。
An eco-compensation mechanism is established to promote balanced development between regions and industries. China has been increasing the transfer payment to key eco-function zones and increased the input in areas like forest eco-efficiency compensation, grassland ecological conservation subsidy and reward, and wetland ecological compensation. Efforts are made to carry out ecological relocation of residents in key eco-function zones and collective forest ownership reforms in poverty-stricken areas, and to improve trans-regional and cross-watershed ecological compensation, with a view to facilitating poverty alleviation through ecological conservation.
中國設立了國家重點生態功能區轉移支付制度，充分發揮國家重點生態功能區轉移支付的政策導向功能，推動地方政府加強生態環境保護和改善民生。2008—2019年中央財政累計下達轉移支付資金5235億元，年度轉移支付金額覆蓋818個縣。通過國家重點生態功能區轉移支付，全國自然保護區內生態系統的原真性和完整性得到了保護，青海三江源自然保護區、南水北調中線水源地保護區等國家重點生態功能區的生態環境質量穩中向好。國家重點生態功能區縣域防風固沙、水土保持、水源涵養、生物多樣性維護功能等保持穩定，每年生態環境質量良好的縣域所占比例基本保持在50%以上，生態環境質量變好和保持穩定的縣域比例維持在90%以上。
The transfer payment system for national key eco-function zones has been set up, as a policy guide for local governments in protecting the ecological environment and improving people’s livelihood. From 2008 to 2019, the central government has allocated a total of 523.5 billion yuan in transfer payment, which covers 818 counties annually. Such transfer payment has helped preserve the authenticity and integrity of the ecosystems in national nature reserves. Steady progress has been made in the environment of Sanjiangyuan (source of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers) Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province, and the water source area of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Counties at national key ecological function areas have effectively performed their functions in wind-break and sand-fixing, water and soil conservation, water source conservation and biodiversity preservation. Over 50% of them enjoy good environment and over 90% see their environment improved or well maintained.
通過生物多樣性保護項目促進性別平等。中國是最早承諾社會性別主流化的46個國家之一，也是第四次世界婦女大會的東道國。中國于1995年制定了《中國婦女發展綱要》，并于2001年、2011年和2018年三次更新。其中，環境被列為促進社會性別平等的七個實施領域之一，共設立了10個目標，包括：全面解決農村飲水安全問題，降低水污染對婦女健康的危害；倡導婦女參與節能減排，踐行低碳生活；提高婦女預防和應對災害風險的能力，滿足婦女在減災中的特殊需求等，目前多數目標已提前實現。
Biodiversity conservation has helped promote gender equality. China is one of the first 46 countries pledging to work for social gender mainstreaming and the host country of the 4th World Conference on Women. China formulated the National Program for the Development of Women in 1995, and then updated it in 2001, 2011 and 2018 respectively. In the Program, environment was identified as one of the seven areas for promoting gender equality, with ten specific goals to be achieved. These goals include developing a holistic approach for drinking water safety in rural areas, reducing the damage to women’s health caused by water pollution, encouraging women to take part in energy-saving and emission reduction programs and lead a low-carbon life, enhancing women’s capacity in terms of disaster and risk prevention and preparedness, and meeting women’s special needs in disaster risk reduction. Most of the goals have been achieved ahead of schedule.
各級地方政府結合地方生態環境資源的特色，以生物多樣性保護項目促進性別平等。甘肅省編制了《甘肅保護地項目性別主流化實施計劃》和《項目“性別主流化計劃”信息收集（監督）規程》，并借助實施相關項目，推動該區域婦女增加經濟收入，同步提高家庭和社會地位，充分保障女性在生物多樣性主流化過程中獲取資源的能力和權利。
Local governments at all levels have promoted gender equality through biodiversity conservation projects by making full use of their respective ecological resources. Gansu Province has developed the Implementation Plan of Gender Mainstreaming in Protected Areas in Gansu and the Guidelines for Information Collection (Supervision) for the Gender Mainstreaming Project to increase women’s income, enhance their family and social status and protect their capability of and right to acquiring resources in the mainstreaming of biodiversity.
四、全社會廣泛參與
IV. Encouraging the Engagement of the Entire Society
（一）政府加強引導
1. Enhanced Government Guidance
中國生態環境部積極組織開展“聯合國生物多樣性十年中國行動”系列活動，大力宣傳生物多樣性保護理念和法規措施。廣電總局積極推動活動的開展，200多家媒體機構持續開展生物多樣性宣傳，提高公眾參與度。在“世界環境日”“世界地球日”“國際生物多樣性日”“世界野生動植物日”“世界濕地日”“防治荒漠化日”“國際森林日”等重要時間節點，自然資源、生態環境、林業與草原等部門舉辦系列宣傳活動，宣傳生物多樣性保護的重要性和取得的成效，并指導地方開展系列宣傳教育以及科普活動，調動全社會廣泛參與。此外，借助新媒體拓展宣傳平臺、創新宣傳模式，如在全國范圍內開展生物安全知識進校園、進社區、進機關、進手機、進客艙、進展館的“六進”活動。
The Ministry of Ecology and Environment has organized a series of events under the framework of “United Nations Decade on Biodiversity, China in Action” to enhance public awareness of the concept and regulatory measures of biodiversity. The National Radio and Television Administration (NRTA) has also played an active role. Over 200 media outlets have launched public awareness programs on biodiversity with enthusiastic public engagement. On important occasions such as the World Environment Day, Earth Day, International Biodiversity Day, World Wildlife Day, World Wetland Day, World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought, and International Day of Forest, departments of natural resources, eco-environment, forestry and grassland have launched events to raise public awareness of the importance and achievements of biodiversity conservation, and help roll out awareness campaigns and science education programs at local levels, with a view to encouraging broad social participation. In addition, new publicity platforms on the new media are used and new publicity models are explored to “bring biosafety information to campuses, communities, government bodies, mobile devices, plane cabins and exhibition halls” nationwide.
（二）企業積極行動
2. Enterprises in Action
構建企業與生物多樣性全球伙伴關系。企業是開發和利用生物多樣性資源的主體，也是實現全球生物多樣性可持續發展的重要推動力量。2015年，中國加入了《生物多樣性公約》秘書處發起的企業與生物多樣性全球伙伴關系倡議（GPBB），鼓勵企業參與生物多樣性領域工作。中國企業堅持在庫布齊沙漠開展防沙治沙工作，經過不懈努力，庫布其沙漠森林覆蓋率、植被覆蓋率均大幅提升，生物種類從不足10種增加到530種，100多種絕跡多年的野生動植物再次出現。2011年12月，多家企業共同簽署協議加入全球森林貿易網絡（GFTN），承諾支持可持續的森林經營和負責任的林產品貿易，遏止非法采伐森林，推動可信賴的木材貿易認證。2015年，9家中國企業與6家非政府組織及行業協會共同發起“森林宣言”，呼吁中國相關企業承諾到2030年木制品供應鏈采購100%實現“零毀林”。
China has contributed to the building of the Global Partnership for Business and Biodiversity (GPBB). Business are the leading actors in exploring and utilizing biodiversity resources as well as the main force for the sustainable development of biodiversity. In 2015, China joined the GPBB initiated by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, encouraging domestic enterprises to get involved in biodiversity-related initiatives. Thanks to the desertification prevention efforts by Chinese enterprises in Kubuqi Desert, a significant increase has been achieved in forest and vegetation coverage, the number of species surged from less than 10 to 530, and over 100 wildlife species that were believed to have disappeared re-emerged. In December 2011, multiple companies signed an agreement to join the Global Forest & Trade Network (GFTN), pledging to drive sustainable forest management and responsible trade of forestry product, curb illegal logging and promote reliable timber trade certification. In 2015, nine Chinese enterprises and six NGOs and industrial associations jointly issued the Forest Declaration, calling on relevant Chinese enterprises to work together toward the goal of zero deforestation in supply chain of timber products by 2030.
此外，有關企業在基礎設施建設中主動履行環境保護社會責任。負責烏東德水電站開發建設的企業將金沙江左岸一級支流黑水河作為魚類棲息地進行保護，同時設立生態保護基金，用于流域生態環境保護和研究。負責葉巴灘水電站開發建設的企業將位于藏區的支流下游53公里河段作為棲息地進行保護，減緩工程實施對水生生態環境的不利影響。
Besides, some enterprises have taken the initiative to fulfill their environmental protection social responsibility. A company working on Wudongde Hydropower Station identified Heishui River, a primary tributary of Jinsha River, as a natural habitat for fish, and set up an ecological conservation fund for environmental protection and research in the river basin. Another enterprise responsible for the building of Yebatan Hydropower Station identified the 53km downstream reach of the tributary in Xizang as a natural habitat for protection and took measures to mitigate the adverse impact on aquatic environment caused by its project.
（三）公眾廣泛參與
3. Extensive Public Participation
近年來，中國民間環保組織蓬勃發展，社會公眾環保意識顯著提升，為生物多樣性保護做出巨大貢獻。2017年，23家中國民間機構共同發起了“社會公益保護地聯盟”，致力于用民間的力量，通過協議保護、社區共管、委托保護、保護小區等創新模式，探索社區治理、公益治理、共同治理等全新治理模式，計劃到2030年幫助中國保護至少1%的國土面積。同時，民間環保組織在生物多樣性政策制定、信息公開與公益訴訟中發揮著越來越大的作用。在《國家公園法》和《野生動物保護法》制定修訂過程中，政府相關部門專門組織公益組織和公眾參與其中，為法律的修訂建言獻策，提出諸多寶貴建議，推動法律更加完善。3年間，中國企業和民間機構在內蒙古阿拉善、鄂爾多斯、巴彥淖爾、通遼和甘肅武威、敦煌等地區種植及養護了1.2億棵樹，種植總面積超過140萬畝，預計控沙面積超百萬畝。2020年4月，三江源稱多嘉塘保護地正式上線螞蟻森林，目前已捐贈保護超過1億平方米。
In recent years, robust development of Chinese NGOs dedicated to environmental protection and notable enhancement in public awareness have greatly contributed to the endeavor of biodiversity conservation. In 2017, 23 NGOs jointly launched the Alliance of Civil Protected Area in an effort to create new governance models such as community governance, public welfare governance and joint governance. The goal is to harness non-governmental strength to help protect at least 1% of China’s total territory by 2030 through innovative approaches such as conservation concession agreement, co-management with local community, the land trust protected area model and community conserved area. In addition, environmental NGOs are playing an increasingly significant role in biodiversity policy-making, information disclosure, and public interest litigation. NGOs and the general public were involved in the formulation and revision of the Law on National Parks and the Law on Wild Animal Protection, and encouraged to contribute valuable insights and proposals. In three years’ time, 120 million trees were planted and maintained in Alxa, Erdos, Bayan Nur and Tongliao of Inner Mongolia, and Wuwei and Dunhuang in Gansu Province, covering a total area of 1.4 million mu (93,333 hectares), with sand control area estimated to be over 1 million mu (66,667 hectares). In April 2020, Ant Forest, an afforestation scheme initiated by a Chinese company, launched the conservation program of Chengduojiatang Protected Area in Sanjiangyuan. The program has offered protection to more than 100 million square meters of land through its donations.
五、建設性推動全球生物多樣性治理
V. Promoting Global Biodiversity Governance in a Constructive Way
（一）深度參與《生物多樣性公約》進程
1. Actively Participating in the Process of the Convention on Biological Diversity
中國是《生物多樣性公約》及其有關議定書的重要參與者與推動者，率先簽署和批準《生物多樣性公約》，建設性參與《名古屋議定書》和《卡塔赫納生物安全議定書》并推動其達成和生效。中方愿與各方一道，堅定支持生物多樣性多邊治理體系，共同推動《生物多樣性公約》在全球生物多樣性治理中發揮更大作用。
As a key participant and advocate of the Convention on Biological Diversity, China was among the first to sign and ratify the Convention, and has constructively engaged in its Nagoya Protocol and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, and contributed to the conclusion and entry into force of the instruments. China is ready to work with all parties to firmly uphold the multilateral biodiversity governance system and push for an even greater role of the Convention in global biodiversity governance.
中國始終嚴格履行《生物多樣性公約》及相關議定書義務，按時高質量提交國家報告，2019年7月提交了《中國履行<生物多樣性公約>第六次國家報告》。積極履行2010年《生物多樣性公約》第十次締約方大會通過的“愛知目標”，并取得積極進展，其中關于恢復和保障重要生態系統服務的目標14、增加生態系統的復原力和碳儲量的目標15、實施國內戰略與行動計劃的目標17均進展顯著。
China has conscientiously fulfilled the obligations stipulated in the Convention on Biological Diversity and related protocols and submitted high quality national reports as scheduled. In July 2019, China submitted its 6th National Report on the Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity. China has actively implemented the Aichi Biodiversity Targets adopted at the 10th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, and achieved good results. In particular, marked progress has been made in Target 14 about restoration and safeguarding of ecosystems that provide essential services, Target 15 about enhancing ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks, and Target 17 about national biodiversity strategy and action plan.
促進與其他國際環境條約協同增效。中國積極參與《瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約》《聯合國氣候變化框架公約》《聯合國防治荒漠化公約》《關于特別是作為水禽棲息地的國際重要濕地公約》《聯合國森林文書》進程，注重生態系統完整性，積極推廣“基于自然的解決方案”（NBS），將其作為應對氣候變化、生物多樣性喪失的協同解決方案，促進協同增效。2017年，承辦《聯合國防治荒漠化公約》第十三次締約方大會，并與相關國際環境公約機構合作建立了國際荒漠化防治知識管理中心。2019年聯合國氣候行動峰會期間，中國和新西蘭共同牽頭NBS領域工作，與聯合國及各參與方一道，發布《基于自然的氣候解決方案政策主張》和《聯合國氣候行動峰會“基于自然的解決方案”倡議案例匯編》等成果，并向各方發出邀請，歡迎更多國家和組織加入NBS聯盟，通過“NBS之友小組”繼續加強交流合作。中國還結合實踐，提出了“劃定生態保護紅線，減緩和適應氣候變化”這一NBS行動倡議，為豐富NBS內涵貢獻了中國方案。
In terms of synergistic effect with other international environmental treaties and conventions, China has taken an active part in the process of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat and the documents of the UN Forum on Forests. Emphasizing the ecosystem integrity, China has advocated “Nature-Based Solutions” (NBS), making it a synergistic solution in combating climate change and biodiversity loss. In 2017, China hosted COP13 of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification and established, in cooperation with relevant international environmental conventions organizations, the International Desertification Control Knowledge Management Center. During the UN Climate Action Summit in 2019, China and New Zealand jointly led the efforts on NBS projects, by releasing, with the United Nations and other participating parties, the Policy Proposal on Nature-Based Solutions and the Collection of Cases of UN Climate Action Summit Nature-Based Solutions Initiative, and inviting more countries and organizations to join the NBS Alliance and enhance cooperation and exchanges through “Friends of NBS”. Based on its own experience, China has also proposed an NBS action initiative of “Drawing a ‘Red Line’ for Ecological Protection to Mitigate and Adapt to Climate Change”, further enriching the contents of NBS.
（二）全力推動COP15成功舉辦
2. Making Every Effort to Ensure the Success of COP15
積極推進COP15籌備工作。中國和《生物多樣性公約》秘書處聯合發布COP15主題和會標。COP15的主題為“生態文明：共建地球生命共同體”。會標外形似水滴，融合了中國的剪紙等傳統文化和各種自然符號，緊扣主題和公約2050年愿景“人與自然和諧共處”，是公約進程和東道國元素的完美結合。中國已于2019年7月成立COP15籌備工作組織委員會和執行委員會，各項籌備工作有序推進，會場服務和保障措施日益完善。
Preparations for the fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15) are well underway. China and the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity have jointly announced the theme for COP15 and unveiled its official logo. The COP15 theme is Ecological Civilization: Building a Shared Future for All Life on Earth. The COP15 logo, which is in the shape of a water drop and features elements of nature, is inspired by the Chinese traditional art of paper-cutting. The logo fits well with the 2050 Vision of “living in harmony with nature” and combines the CBD process and symbols of the host country. The Organizing Committee and Executive Committee for COP15 were set up in July 2019, and all preparations, including venue services and logistic support, are progressing smoothly.
中國愿與各方分享生態文明建設和生物多樣性保護方面的實踐和經驗，切實履行好東道國義務，發揮好主席國作用，與秘書處及其他各方加強溝通合作，鼓勵私營部門、民間社會、慈善團體等利益相關方發揮更大作用，共同推動COP15取得圓滿成功，推動全球生物多樣性治理進程邁上新的臺階。
China is willing to share with all parties its experience and best practices in advancing ecological civilization and biodiversity conservation and fulfill its mandate as the host country. To play a constructive role in its capacity as the COP15 presidency, China will strengthen communication and cooperation with the Secretariat and all parties, engage the private sector, civil society, charity organizations and other stakeholders and encourage them to contribute to the success of COP15 and jointly promote the process of global biodiversity governance.
（三）積極推進2020年后全球生物多樣性治理
3. Contributing to Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Governance
“2020年后全球生物多樣性框架”（以下簡稱“框架”）作為《生物多樣性公約》下重要戰略規劃文件，將對未來十年乃至更長時間的全球生物多樣性治理做出規劃，成為COP15的重要標志性成果。
The Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) to be considered and adopted at COP15 will be a milestone in the CBD history as it is a plan of strategic importance for global biodiversity governance in the next decade and beyond.
中方認為“框架”應兼具雄心與務實，平衡體現公約確定的保護生物多樣性、持續利用其組成部分、公平合理分享由利用遺傳資源而產生的惠益的三大目標。有關執行和保障機制應得到進一步完善和強化，以加強對發展中國家在資金、技術和能力建設方面的支持。中方期待各方在公開、透明、締約方驅動等原則基礎上，充分討論和磋商，相向而行，擴大共識；期待COP15達成具有里程碑意義的“框架”成果文件，推進更加公正合理、各盡所能的2020年后全球生物多樣性治理。
China is of the view that the Framework should be both ambitious and realistic and reflect in a balanced manner the three CBD objectives: conservation of biodiversity; sustainable use of its components; and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. The means of implementation and enabling conditions under the GBF must be strengthened to ensure greater support for developing countries in terms of resource mobilization, technology and capacity building. China looks forward to a full discussion and consultation with all parties through an open, transparent and parties-driven process and calls on all parties to move in the same direction and expand consensus. China hopes that COP15 will come up with a landmark outcome document, and contribute to a more just and equitable post-2020 global biodiversity governance framework that embodies the best efforts of all parties.
六、加強國際交流與合作
VI. Strengthening International Exchanges and Cooperation
（一）建立廣泛的雙多邊合作交流機制
1. Establishing Wide-ranging Mechanisms for Bilateral and Multilateral Cooperation and Communication
建立“一帶一路”綠色發展多邊合作機制。2013年，中國國家主席習近平提出“一帶一路”合作倡議。多年來，中國積極推進共建綠色“一帶一路”國際合作，與中外合作伙伴共同發起成立“一帶一路”綠色發展國際聯盟（以下簡稱“綠色聯盟”），旨在打造“一帶一路”綠色發展合作平臺。目前綠色聯盟下設“生物多樣性保護和生態系統”等十個專題伙伴關系，已有中外合作伙伴150余家，涉及40多個國家，已經開展了10余場活動，內容涵蓋生態系統評估和管理、企業與生物多樣性伙伴關系、可持續農業、干旱區管理和可持續供應鏈等。逐步構建“一帶一路”生態環保大數據服務平臺，已經納入100多個國家的生物多樣性相關數據，為“一帶一路”綠色發展提供決策和數據支持。實施綠色絲路使者計劃，與發展中國家共同加強環保能力建設，先后為120多個共建國家培訓環保官員、專家和技術人員2000多人次，其中涉及生物多樣性的培訓600多人次，為有關國家落實聯合國《2030年可持續發展議程》做出重要貢獻。
Establishing multilateral cooperation mechanisms for green development under the Belt and Road Initiative. Since Chinese President Xi Jinping announced the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013, China has worked closely with the international community to build a green Belt and Road. China and international partners have jointly established the Belt and Road Initiative International Green Development Coalition, which serves as a platform for BRI cooperation on green development. To date some 150 Chinese and international partners from over 40 countries have joined the Coalition. BRI Green Coalition includes ten thematic partnerships, one of which is biodiversity and ecosystem management partnership. The Coalition has hosted ten major events covering a broad range of topics such as ecosystem evaluation and management, business and biodiversity partnership, sustainable agriculture, arid region management and sustainable supply chain. The BRI Environment Big Data Platform is in the making. The platform has biodiversity data from over 100 countries and provides data in support of a rational decision-making process for BRI green development projects. A Green Silk Road Envoy Program has been launched to help build up environmental protection capacity of developing countries. Under the program, China has provided more than 2,000 training opportunities for environmental protection officials, experts and technicians of over 120 participating countries. The training on biodiversity conservation had more than 600 participants. The Green Silk Road Envoy Program is a significant contribution to the implementation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in those countries.
廣泛開展雙邊合作。2019年，法國總統馬克龍訪華期間，與中國國家主席習近平就生物多樣性保護等領域合作達成重要共識，共同發布了《中法生物多樣性保護和氣候變化北京倡議》。中國還與德國、挪威、英國、南非等分別建立雙邊合作機制，就生物多樣性和生態系統服務、氣候變化和生物安全等領域開展了廣泛的合作與交流。與日本、韓國在中日韓環境合作機制下建立了中日韓三國生物多樣性政策對話會議，在中國—東盟環境合作、瀾滄江—湄公河環境合作、中國—非洲環境合作等平臺中將生物多樣性作為重點領域，定期就生物多樣性保護、遺傳資源獲取和惠益分享等領域進行深入交流。
Expanding bilateral cooperation. In 2019, Chinese President Xi Jinping and the visiting French President Emmanuel Macron reached an important consensus on cooperation in biodiversity conservation and other fields, and jointly issued the Beijing Call for Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Change. China has established separate bilateral mechanisms with Germany, Norway, the UK, and South Africa for exchanges and cooperation in areas of biodiversity and ecosystem services, climate change and biosafety. China, Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK) have established a China-Japan-ROK tripartite policy dialogue on biodiversity under the framework of the China-Japan-ROK Trilateral Environmental Cooperation Mechanism. Biodiversity is also highlighted as a priority area in China’s environmental protection cooperation with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), riparian countries of the Lancang-Mekong River, and African countries. Meetings have been held on a regular basis to discuss issues related to biodiversity conservation, access to genetic resources and benefit sharing.
（二）深化南南合作
2. Strengthening South-South Cooperation
近年來，中國政府在南南合作框架下，積極為發展中國家保護生物多樣性提供力所能及的支持。中國在綠色經濟、國際環境公約履約等領域開展了一系列提高發展中國家環境管理能力的項目和活動，全球有80多個國家受益。在亞洲，中國定期舉行瀾滄江—湄公河環境合作圓桌對話，針對生態系統管理、可持續基礎設施建設、生物多樣性保護等議題進行交流；與東盟國家合作開發和實施了“生物多樣性與生態保護合作計劃”“加強東南亞國家制定和實施2011—2020年生物多樣性保護戰略和實現愛知目標能力”“GMS核心環境項目戰略框架與行動計劃（2018—2022年）”等一系列項目。在非洲，中國將生態保護作為主要合作領域，安排向有關國家提供生物多樣性保護設備等項目；舉辦生物多樣性保護領域培訓班，培訓發展中國家野生動植物保護、生態環境保護等領域官員和技術人員。
In recent years, the Chinese government has provided biodiversity conservation support for other developing countries to the best of its ability under the framework of South-South cooperation. China has carried out a number of projects and programs to help other developing countries build up their environmental management capacity in the development of green economy and compliance with international environmental conventions. Over 80 countries worldwide have benefited from these activities. In Asia, China has hosted regular roundtable meetings on Lancang-Mekong environmental cooperation, with a focus on ecosystem management, sustainable infrastructure, and biodiversity conservation. China and ASEAN member states have jointly launched and implemented a number of cooperation initiatives, including the China-ASEAN Cooperation Plan on Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation, the project of strengthening the capacity of South East Asian countries for the development and implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and Aichi Biodiversity Targets, and the GMS Core Environment Program Strategy Framework and Action Plan 2018-2022. Ecological conservation is also high on the agenda of China-Africa cooperation. China has provided biodiversity conservation equipment to African countries and sponsored seminars and workshops on biodiversity conservation to help train African government officials and technicians responsible for wildlife conservation and environmental protection.
面對疫情給經濟發展造成的巨大壓力，中國將始終堅持生態優先、綠色發展道路，繼續做好生物多樣性保護各項工作。中國將繼續高舉多邊主義旗幟，秉持人類命運共同體理念，積極參與全球生物多樣性治理，為共謀全球生態文明之路、共建地球生命共同體貢獻中國智慧。我們愿與各國一道，建設一個充滿生機、清潔美麗的世界！
In the face of the tremendous impact of COVID-19 on its economy, China remains committed to pursuing ecological protection and green development as its priorities and will press ahead with its planned biodiversity conservation projects and programs. China stands for multilateralism and is committed to building a community with a shared future for mankind. China will actively participate in global biodiversity governance and contribute to global ecological civilization and to a shared future for all life on Earth. China stands ready to join the international community in building a clean, beautiful world thriving with life.
