2019年政府工作報告
Report on the Work of the Government
——2019年3月5日在第十三屆全國人民代表大會第二次會議上
– Delivered at the Second Session of the 13th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2019
國務(wù)院總理 李克強(qiáng)
Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council
各位代表：
Fellow Deputies,
現(xiàn)在，我代表國務(wù)院，向大會報告政府工作，請予審議，并請全國政協(xié)委員提出意見。
On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government and ask for your deliberation and approval. I also invite comments from members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
一、2018年工作回顧
I. 2018 in Review
過去一年是全面貫徹黨的十九大精神開局之年，是本屆政府依法履職第一年。我國發(fā)展面臨多年少有的國內(nèi)外復(fù)雜嚴(yán)峻形勢，經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)新的下行壓力。在以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，全國各族人民以習(xí)近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導(dǎo)，砥礪奮進(jìn)，攻堅克難，完成全年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展主要目標(biāo)任務(wù)，決勝全面建成小康社會又取得新的重大進(jìn)展。
The year 2018 was the first year for putting the guiding principles of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China fully into effect. It was also this government’s first to perform, in accordance with law, the functions of office. In pursuing development this year, China faced a complicated and challenging domestic and international environment of a kind rarely seen in many years, and its economy came under new downward pressure.
Under the firm leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we, the Chinese people of all ethnic groups, guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, forged ahead and overcame difficulties. The year’s main targets for economic and social development were accomplished, and in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we made major progress toward a decisive victory.
——經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行保持在合理區(qū)間。國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長6.6%，總量突破90萬億元。經(jīng)濟(jì)增速與用電、貨運(yùn)等實物量指標(biāo)相匹配。居民消費(fèi)價格上漲2.1%。國際收支基本平衡。城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1361萬人、調(diào)查失業(yè)率穩(wěn)定在5%左右的較低水平。近14億人口的發(fā)展中大國，實現(xiàn)比較充分就業(yè)至關(guān)重要。
The main economic indicators were kept within an appropriate range. Gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 6.6 percent, exceeding 90 trillion yuan. Economic growth matched electricity consumption, freight transport, and other indicators. Consumer prices rose by 2.1 percent. In the balance of payments, a basic equilibrium was maintained. A further 13.61 million new urban jobs were added, and the surveyed unemployment rate remained stable at a comparatively low level of around 5 percent. For a big developing country with a population close to 1.4 billion like ours, attaining relatively full employment is critical.
——經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化。消費(fèi)拉動經(jīng)濟(jì)增長作用進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)。服務(wù)業(yè)對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長貢獻(xiàn)率接近60%，高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)、裝備制造業(yè)增速明顯快于一般工業(yè)，農(nóng)業(yè)再獲豐收。單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降3.1%。質(zhì)量和效益繼續(xù)提升。
Economic structure was further improved. Consumption continued to play an increasing role in driving economic growth. The service sector’s contribution to growth approached 60 percent. Growth in high-tech industries and equipment manufacturing outstripped that of other industries. Harvests were again good. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 3.1 percent. The quality and returns of growth continued to improve.
——發(fā)展新動能快速成長。嫦娥四號等一批重大科技創(chuàng)新成果相繼問世。新興產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展，傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)加快轉(zhuǎn)型升級。大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)萬眾創(chuàng)新深入推進(jìn)，日均新設(shè)企業(yè)超過1.8萬戶，市場主體總量超過1億戶。新動能正在深刻改變生產(chǎn)生活方式、塑造中國發(fā)展新優(yōu)勢。
New growth drivers grew rapidly. A number of major scientific and technological innovations were made, like the Chang’e-4 lunar probe. Emerging industries thrived and traditional industries saw faster transformation and upgrading. Business startups and innovation continued to surge nationwide, with an average of over 18,000 new businesses opening daily and the total number of market entities passing the 100 million mark. New growth drivers are now profoundly changing our mode of production and way of life, creating new strengths for China’s development.
——改革開放取得新突破。國務(wù)院及地方政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革順利實施。重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域改革邁出新的步伐，市場準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單制度全面實行，簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)改革力度加大，營商環(huán)境國際排名大幅上升。對外開放全方位擴(kuò)大，共建“一帶一路”取得重要進(jìn)展。首屆中國國際進(jìn)口博覽會成功舉辦，海南自貿(mào)試驗區(qū)啟動建設(shè)。貨物進(jìn)出口總額超過30萬億元，實際使用外資1383億美元、穩(wěn)居發(fā)展中國家首位。
New breakthroughs were made in reform and opening-up. Institutional reforms of both the State Council and local governments were implemented smoothly. New progress was made in reform in key fields. The negative list system for market access was put fully into effect. Reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services were intensified, and our business environment rose significantly in international rankings. Opening-up was expanded on all fronts, and joint efforts to pursue the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) made significant headway. The first China International Import Expo was a success. Work began on building the China (Hainan) Pilot Free Trade Zone. China’s total volume of trade in goods exceeded 30 trillion yuan, and its utilized foreign investment totaled US$138.3 billion, ranking China first among developing countries.
——三大攻堅戰(zhàn)開局良好。防范化解重大風(fēng)險，宏觀杠桿率趨于穩(wěn)定，金融運(yùn)行總體平穩(wěn)。精準(zhǔn)脫貧有力推進(jìn)，農(nóng)村貧困人口減少1386萬，易地扶貧搬遷280萬人。污染防治得到加強(qiáng)，細(xì)顆粒物（PM2.5）濃度繼續(xù)下降，生態(tài)文明建設(shè)成效顯著。
The three critical battles got off to a good start. * We forestalled and defused major risks. The macro leverage ratio trended toward a stable level; the financial sector was generally stable. Precision poverty alleviation made significant progress, with the rural poor population reduced by 13.86 million, including 2.8 million people assisted through relocation from inhospitable areas. Pollution prevention and control was strengthened, and PM2.5 density continued to fall. Marked achievements were made in ecological conservation.
(* This refers to the battles against potential risks, poverty, and pollution.)
——人民生活持續(xù)改善。居民人均可支配收入實際增長6.5%。提高個人所得稅起征點(diǎn)，設(shè)立6項專項附加扣除。加大基本養(yǎng)老、基本醫(yī)療等保障力度，資助各類學(xué)校家庭困難學(xué)生近1億人次。棚戶區(qū)住房改造620多萬套，農(nóng)村危房改造190萬戶。城鄉(xiāng)居民生活水平又有新提高。
Living standards continued to improve. Per capita disposable personal income grew by 6.5 percent in real terms. The threshold for individual income tax was raised and six special additional deductions were created. Support for basic elderly care and basic health care was strengthened. Close to 100 million payments were made to assist students from families in financial difficulty, covering all school types. More than 6.2 million housing units were rebuilt in rundown urban areas and 1.9 million dilapidated rural houses were renovated. Urban and rural living standards continued to rise.
我們隆重慶祝改革開放40周年，深刻總結(jié)改革開放的偉大成就和寶貴經(jīng)驗，鄭重宣示在新時代將改革開放進(jìn)行到底的堅定決心，激勵全國各族人民接續(xù)奮斗，再創(chuàng)新的歷史偉業(yè)。
We solemnly commemorated the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up, thoroughly reviewed its great achievements and the valuable experience gained in its pursuit, and pledged our resolve to see reform and opening-up through in the new era, thus galvanizing the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to continue their hard work to make new historic achievements.
回顧過去一年，成績來之不易。我們面對的是深刻變化的外部環(huán)境。經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化遭遇波折，多邊主義受到?jīng)_擊，國際金融市場震蕩，特別是中美經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦給一些企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營、市場預(yù)期帶來不利影響。我們面對的是經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型陣痛凸顯的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。新老矛盾交織，周期性、結(jié)構(gòu)性問題疊加，經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行穩(wěn)中有變、變中有憂。我們面對的是兩難多難問題增多的復(fù)雜局面。實現(xiàn)穩(wěn)增長、防風(fēng)險等多重目標(biāo)，完成經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展等多項任務(wù)，處理好當(dāng)前與長遠(yuǎn)等多種關(guān)系，政策抉擇和工作推進(jìn)的難度明顯加大。經(jīng)過全國上下共同努力，我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展在高基數(shù)上總體平穩(wěn)、穩(wěn)中有進(jìn)，社會大局保持穩(wěn)定。這再次表明，在中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，中國人民有戰(zhàn)勝任何艱難險阻的勇氣、智慧和力量，中國的發(fā)展沒有過不去的坎。
Looking back at the past year, we can see that our achievements did not come easily.
What we faced was profound change in our external environment. Setbacks in economic globalization, challenges to multilateralism, shocks in the international financial market, and especially the China-US economic and trade frictions, had an adverse effect on the production and business operations of some companies and on market expectations.
What we faced were severe challenges caused by the growing pains of economic transformation. An interlacing of old and new issues and a combination of cyclical and structural problems brought changes in what was a generally stable economic performance, some of which caused concern.
What we faced was a complicated terrain of increasing dilemmas. We had multiple targets to attain, like ensuring stable growth and preventing risks; multiple tasks to complete, like promoting economic and social development; and multiple relationships to handle, like that between short-term and long-term interests. And the difficulty of making policy choices and moving work forward increased markedly.
With the concerted efforts of the whole country, the Chinese economy, from a larger base, achieved generally stable growth while making further progress; and social stability was ensured. This once again shows that the Chinese people, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, have the courage, vision, and strength to prevail over any difficulty or obstacle. There is no difficulty that cannot be overcome in China’s pursuit of development!
一年來，我們深入貫徹以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央決策部署，堅持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)工作總基調(diào)，統(tǒng)籌穩(wěn)增長、促改革、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生、防風(fēng)險，穩(wěn)妥應(yīng)對中美經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦，著力穩(wěn)就業(yè)、穩(wěn)金融、穩(wěn)外貿(mào)、穩(wěn)外資、穩(wěn)投資、穩(wěn)預(yù)期，主要做了以下工作。
Over the past year, we fully implemented all major policies and plans made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. We followed the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, and worked holistically to maintain stable growth, advance reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risks. We handled economic and trade frictions with the United States appropriately. We worked to ensure stable employment, a stable financial sector, stable foreign trade, stable foreign investment, stable domestic investment, and stable expectations. Our main work of the past year was as follows.
一是創(chuàng)新和完善宏觀調(diào)控，經(jīng)濟(jì)保持平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行。面對新情況新變化，我們堅持不搞“大水漫灌”式強(qiáng)刺激，保持宏觀政策連續(xù)性穩(wěn)定性，在區(qū)間調(diào)控基礎(chǔ)上加強(qiáng)定向、相機(jī)調(diào)控，主動預(yù)調(diào)、微調(diào)。堅持實施積極的財政政策，著力減稅降費(fèi)、補(bǔ)短板調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。下調(diào)增值稅稅率，擴(kuò)大享受稅收優(yōu)惠小微企業(yè)范圍，出臺鼓勵研發(fā)創(chuàng)新等稅收政策。全年為企業(yè)和個人減稅降費(fèi)約1.3萬億元。優(yōu)化財政支出結(jié)構(gòu)，盤活財政存量資金，重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域支出得到保障。堅持實施穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，引導(dǎo)金融支持實體經(jīng)濟(jì)。針對融資難融資貴問題，先后4次降低存款準(zhǔn)備金率，多措并舉緩解民營和小微企業(yè)資金緊張狀況，融資成本上升勢頭得到初步遏制。及時應(yīng)對股市、債市異常波動，人民幣匯率基本穩(wěn)定，外匯儲備保持在3萬億美元以上。
First, we developed new ways to improve macro regulation and ensured a generally stable economic performance.
Facing new circumstances and developments, we were firm in choosing not to adopt a deluge of strong stimulus policies, and we maintained the continuity and consistency of macro policies. As we conducted regulation to keep main economic indicators within an appropriate range, we also improved targeted and well-timed regulation, and carried out anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning.
We continued to pursue a proactive fiscal policy, focusing on cutting taxes and fees, strengthening areas of weakness, and promoting structural adjustment. We reduced VAT rates and expanded the coverage of tax relief for small businesses with low profits, and introduced preferential tax policies to encourage R&D and innovation. Over the year, the tax and fee burden on enterprises and individuals was thus reduced by around 1.3 trillion yuan. We improved the composition of budgetary spending, put idle budgetary funds to use, and ensured spending in key areas.
We maintained a prudent monetary policy and encouraged financial support for the real economy. In response to the difficulties and high costs of financing, we reduced required reserve ratios four times, and applied a combination of measures to ease funding shortages faced by private enterprises and small and micro businesses. Initial success was thus made in curbing the rising cost of financing.
We promptly responded to abnormal fluctuations in the stock and bond markets, and kept the RMB exchange rate basically stable. China’s foreign exchange reserves were maintained at over US$3 trillion.
二是扎實打好三大攻堅戰(zhàn)，重點(diǎn)任務(wù)取得積極進(jìn)展。制定并有序?qū)嵤┤蠊詰?zhàn)三年行動方案。穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)性去杠桿，穩(wěn)妥處置金融領(lǐng)域風(fēng)險，防控地方政府債務(wù)風(fēng)險，改革完善房地產(chǎn)市場調(diào)控機(jī)制。深入推進(jìn)精準(zhǔn)脫貧，加強(qiáng)扶貧力量，加大資金投入，強(qiáng)化社會幫扶，貧困地區(qū)自我發(fā)展能力穩(wěn)步提高。全面開展藍(lán)天、碧水、凈土保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)。優(yōu)化能源和運(yùn)輸結(jié)構(gòu)。穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)北方地區(qū)“煤改氣”“煤改電”。全面建立河長制、湖長制?；兽r(nóng)藥使用量實現(xiàn)雙下降。加強(qiáng)生態(tài)環(huán)保督察執(zhí)法。積極應(yīng)對氣候變化。
Second, we took solid action in the three critical battles and made good progress in carrying out key tasks.
We drew up and began the systematic implementation of a three-year action plan for the three critical battles.
We made steady progress in structural deleveraging, handled risks in the financial sector prudently and appropriately, prevented and controlled local government debt risks, and reformed and improved mechanisms for conducting regulation over the real estate market.
We made further progress in precision poverty alleviation. We strengthened poverty relief capacity, increased budgetary input, and encouraged society to assist poverty alleviation. The self-development capacity of poverty-stricken areas was steadily enhanced.
We launched an all-out fight to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and our land pollution-free. Energy and transportation structures were upgraded.
The replacement of coal with natural gas and electricity in North China was steadily advanced. The system of river chiefs and lake chiefs was established across the country. The use of both chemical fertilizers and pesticides was reduced. Inspections and law enforcement for environmental protection were strengthened. And we took active steps to respond to climate change.
三是深化供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，實體經(jīng)濟(jì)活力不斷釋放。加大“破、立、降”力度。推進(jìn)鋼鐵、煤炭行業(yè)市場化去產(chǎn)能。實施穩(wěn)投資舉措，制造業(yè)投資、民間投資增速明顯回升。出臺促進(jìn)居民消費(fèi)政策。全面推進(jìn)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”，運(yùn)用新技術(shù)新模式改造傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)。深入推進(jìn)簡政減稅減費(fèi)。取消一批行政許可事項，“證照分離”改革在全國推開，企業(yè)開辦時間大幅壓縮，工業(yè)生產(chǎn)許可證種類壓減三分之一以上?！半p隨機(jī)、一公開”監(jiān)管全面實施。清理規(guī)范各類涉企收費(fèi)，推動降低用電、用網(wǎng)和物流等成本。深化“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+政務(wù)服務(wù)”，各地探索推廣一批有特色的改革舉措，企業(yè)和群眾辦事便利度不斷提高。
Third, we deepened supply-side structural reform and steadily unleashed the dynamism of the real economy.
We strengthened work to cut ineffective supply, foster new growth drivers, and reduce costs in the real economy.
We made progress in using market mechanisms to cut capacity in the steel and coal industries.
Measures were implemented to ensure stable investment; as a result, investment in manufacturing and private investment rebounded markedly. Policies were adopted to stimulate consumer spending. Internet Plus initiatives were advanced across the board, and new technologies and models were used to transform traditional industries.
We deepened efforts to streamline government functions and cut taxes and fees. A number of government permits were abolished, the reform separating permits from the business license was implemented nationwide, the time needed to start a business was considerably shortened, and the types of industrial production permits were cut by over a third. Oversight conducted through the random selection of both inspectors and inspection targets and the prompt release of results was implemented nationwide.
We overhauled the charges and fees levied on businesses, and encouraged cuts in the cost of electricity, broadband services, and logistics. We advanced the Internet Plus Government Services initiative, the local authorities explored and extended a number of distinctive reform measures, and both businesses and the public now enjoy increasingly better access to government services.
四是深入實施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，創(chuàng)新能力和效率進(jìn)一步提升。大力優(yōu)化創(chuàng)新生態(tài)，調(diào)動各類創(chuàng)新主體積極性。深化科技管理體制改革，推進(jìn)關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)，加強(qiáng)重大科技基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、科技創(chuàng)新中心等建設(shè)。強(qiáng)化企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新主體地位，將提高研發(fā)費(fèi)用加計扣除比例政策擴(kuò)大至所有企業(yè)。制定支持雙創(chuàng)深入發(fā)展的政策措施。技術(shù)合同成交額增長30%以上。
Fourth, we continued to implement the innovation-driven development strategy and further increased innovation capacity and performance.
We greatly improved the innovation ecosystem to keep innovators of all kinds fully motivated. The reform of the management system for science and technology was deepened, steps were taken to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies for key fields, and the building of major science and technology infrastructure and innovation centers was stepped up.
We strengthened the principal position of enterprises in technological innovation, and extended the policy on raising the proportion of additional tax-deductible R&D costs to cover all enterprises.
We developed policies and measures to support innovation and business startups. The volume of contracted technology transactions grew by over 30 percent.
五是加大改革開放力度，發(fā)展動力繼續(xù)增強(qiáng)。深化國資國企改革，國有企業(yè)優(yōu)化重組、提質(zhì)增效取得新進(jìn)展。針對民營企業(yè)發(fā)展遇到的困難和問題，千方百計幫助解憂紓困。推進(jìn)財稅體制改革，預(yù)算績效管理改革全面啟動。改革金融監(jiān)管體制，完善利率、匯率市場化形成機(jī)制。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村、社會事業(yè)、生態(tài)環(huán)保等領(lǐng)域改革不斷深化。推出對外開放一系列重大舉措。共建“一帶一路”引領(lǐng)效應(yīng)持續(xù)釋放，同沿線國家的合作機(jī)制不斷健全，經(jīng)貿(mào)合作和人文交流加快推進(jìn)。出臺穩(wěn)外貿(mào)政策，貨物通關(guān)時間壓縮一半以上。下調(diào)部分商品進(jìn)口關(guān)稅，關(guān)稅總水平由9.8%降至7.5%。新設(shè)一批跨境電商綜合試驗區(qū)。復(fù)制推廣自貿(mào)試驗區(qū)改革經(jīng)驗。大幅壓縮外資準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單，擴(kuò)大金融、汽車等行業(yè)開放，一批重大外資項目落地，新設(shè)外資企業(yè)增長近70% 。
Fifth, we intensified reform and opening-up and continued to strengthen the momentum of development.
We deepened reforms of state capital and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and made new gains in upgrading and restructuring SOEs and in improving their quality and performance. In addressing difficulties and issues encountered by private enterprises, we used every feasible means to help them overcome problems and concerns.
We advanced the reform of the fiscal and tax systems, and launched performance-based budget management reform across the country. We reformed the financial regulatory system and improved the mechanisms through which interest rates and exchange rates are set by the market. Steady progress was made in reforms related to agriculture, rural affairs, social programs, and environmental protection.
In opening-up, we introduced a series of major moves. Joint efforts to pursue the Belt and Road Initiative are producing a pace-setting effect, cooperation mechanisms for countries along its routes are steadily improving, and economic cooperation, trade, and cultural and people-to-people exchanges under the Initiative have gathered momentum.
We launched policies to ensure steady growth in foreign trade, and cut the time needed for customs clearance by more than half. Import tariffs on some goods were lowered, and the overall tariff level was reduced from 9.8 to 7.5 percent.
A number of new integrated pilot zones for cross-border e-commerce were established. Reform measures proven to work in pilot free trade zones were replicated and applied elsewhere. We shortened significantly the negative list for foreign investment, opened up sectors like finance and automobiles wider to foreign competition, and sped up the implementation of a number of major foreign investment projects. The number of new foreign enterprises grew by nearly 70 percent.
六是統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展，良性互動格局加快形成。鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略有力實施，糧食總產(chǎn)量保持在1.3萬億斤以上。新型城鎮(zhèn)化扎實推進(jìn)，近1400萬農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口在城鎮(zhèn)落戶。推進(jìn)西部開發(fā)、東北振興、中部崛起、東部率先發(fā)展，出臺一批改革創(chuàng)新舉措。京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展取得明顯進(jìn)展，長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶生態(tài)優(yōu)先、綠色發(fā)展格局不斷鞏固?；浉郯拇鬄硡^(qū)規(guī)劃建設(shè)邁出實質(zhì)性步伐，港珠澳大橋建成通車。加大對革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)、貧困地區(qū)改革發(fā)展支持力度。新增高速鐵路運(yùn)營里程4100公里，新建改建高速公路6000多公里、農(nóng)村公路30多萬公里。城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)性持續(xù)增強(qiáng)。
Sixth, we pursued balanced development across rural and urban areas and regions and sped up the formation of a pattern of positive interplay.
The rural revitalization strategy was implemented with vigor; grain output was kept above 650 million metric tons. Solid progress was made in the pursuit of new urbanization, and close to 14 million people originally from rural areas gained permanent urban residency.
A full range of reforms and innovative measures were introduced to advance development in the western region, revitalize the northeast, energize the central region, and support the eastern region in spearheading development.
Major progress was made in boosting the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Along the Yangtze Economic Belt, efforts to prioritize ecological conservation and boost green development were strengthened.
Substantive steps were taken in the planning and building of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was opened to traffic.
We expanded support for reforms and development in old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poor areas.
Another 4,100 kilometers of high-speed railways opened to traffic, and over 6,000 kilometers of expressways and more than 300,000 kilometers of rural roads were built or improved.
With all this, the balance in development between rural and urban areas and between regions has continuously improved.
七是堅持在發(fā)展中保障和改善民生，改革發(fā)展成果更多更公平惠及人民群眾。針對外部環(huán)境變化給就業(yè)帶來的影響，及時出臺穩(wěn)就業(yè)舉措。大力推動義務(wù)教育教師工資待遇政策落實，加強(qiáng)鄉(xiāng)村小規(guī)模學(xué)校和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)寄宿制學(xué)校建設(shè)。建立企業(yè)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險基金中央調(diào)劑制度，提高退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金，城鄉(xiāng)居民基礎(chǔ)養(yǎng)老金最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)從每月70元提高到88元。繼續(xù)提高優(yōu)撫、低保等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，殘疾人“兩項補(bǔ)貼”惠及所有符合條件人員。加強(qiáng)退役軍人服務(wù)管理工作，維護(hù)退役軍人合法權(quán)益。深化醫(yī)療、醫(yī)保、醫(yī)藥聯(lián)動改革。穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)分級診療。提高居民基本醫(yī)保補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和大病保險報銷比例。加快新藥審評審批改革，17種抗癌藥大幅降價并納入國家醫(yī)保目錄。加快推進(jìn)文化惠民工程，持續(xù)加強(qiáng)基層公共文化服務(wù)。全民健身蓬勃開展，體育健兒在國際大賽上再創(chuàng)佳績。
Seventh, we continued to ensure and improve living standards in the course of pursuing development and enabled the people to share more fully and fairly in the benefits of reform and development.
We took prompt steps to ease the impact of changes in the external environment on employment.
We made strong moves to ensure the implementation of policies on pay packages of teachers in compulsory education and stepped up the development of small rural schools and boarding schools in towns and townships.
We established a system for the central government to allocate nationwide enterprise employees’ basic aged-care insurance funds, raised retirees’ basic pensions, and increased the minimum basic aged- care pension benefits for rural and non-working urban residents from 70 to 88 yuan per person per month.
We continued to increase benefits for entitled groups and subsistence allowances, and ensured that all people with disabilities who are eligible can access living allowances and nursing care subsidies.
For demobilized military personnel, we improved service provision and management and protected their lawful rights and interests.
Coordinated medical service, medical insurance, and pharmaceutical reforms continued. We made steady progress in developing the tiered diagnosis and treatment model. We raised the level of government subsidies for rural and non-working urban residents’ basic medical insurance and the reimbursement rate of their serious illness insurance.
The reform for evaluation and approval of new medicines was stepped up; the prices of 17 cancer drugs were slashed and these drugs were included in the national medical insurance catalog.
We sped up the implementation of cultural projects designed to benefit the people, and continued to strengthen public cultural services at the community level. Fitness-for-All activities flourished. Chinese athletes excelled themselves in international competitions.
八是推進(jìn)法治政府建設(shè)和治理創(chuàng)新，保持社會和諧穩(wěn)定。提請全國人大常委會審議法律議案18件，制定修訂行政法規(guī)37部。改革調(diào)整政府機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置和職能配置。深入開展國務(wù)院大督查，推動改革發(fā)展政策和部署落實。發(fā)揮審計監(jiān)督作用。改革完善城鄉(xiāng)基層治理。創(chuàng)新信訪工作方式。改革和加強(qiáng)應(yīng)急管理，及時有效應(yīng)對重大自然災(zāi)害，生產(chǎn)安全事故總量和重特大事故數(shù)量繼續(xù)下降。加強(qiáng)食品藥品安全監(jiān)管，嚴(yán)厲查處長春長生公司等問題疫苗案件。健全國家安全體系。強(qiáng)化社會治安綜合治理，開展掃黑除惡專項斗爭，依法打擊各類違法犯罪，平安中國建設(shè)取得新進(jìn)展。
Eighth, we made progress in building a rule of law government and pursuing innovation in governance and ensured social harmony and stability.
We submitted 18 legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress for deliberation, and formulated or revised 37 sets of administrative regulations. We reformed and adjusted the composition and responsibilities of government bodies. The State Council conducted major accountability inspections to ensure the implementation of reform and development policies and plans. We made full use the role of auditing in oversight.
We reformed and improved urban and rural governance at the primary level. New approaches were adopted to address public complaints. We reformed and strengthened emergency management, responded swiftly and effectively to major natural disasters, and achieved a continued reduction in both the total number of workplace accidents and the number of serious and major accidents.
We strengthened oversight over food and drug safety and investigated and took stern action in defective vaccines cases like that involving Changchun Changsheng.
We improved the national security system. We strengthened comprehensive measures to maintain law and order, launched a campaign to combat organized crime and root out local mafia, and cracked down on crime and other legal violations in accordance with law. Further headway was made in carrying out the Peaceful China initiative.
認(rèn)真貫徹黨中央全面從嚴(yán)治黨戰(zhàn)略部署，加強(qiáng)黨風(fēng)廉政建設(shè)。推進(jìn)“兩學(xué)一做”學(xué)習(xí)教育常態(tài)化制度化。嚴(yán)格落實中央八項規(guī)定及其實施細(xì)則精神，堅定不移糾正“四風(fēng)”。嚴(yán)肅查處各類違法違規(guī)行為，懲處腐敗分子，反腐敗斗爭取得壓倒性勝利。
We fully implemented the Party Central Committee’s strategic decision on enforcing full and strict discipline over the Party, and intensified efforts to improve Party conduct and build a clean government. We moved to ensure that all Party members, on a regular and institutionalized basis, work to gain a good command of the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s policy addresses and to meet Party standards.
We acted in strict accordance with the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on conduct and the rules for its implementation. We took stern action against formalities performed for formalities’ sake, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance. Activities of various types in violation of laws or regulations were severely punished or prosecuted. Steps were taken to bring the corrupt to justice, and the fight against corruption was a resounding success.
過去一年，中國特色大國外交取得新成就。成功舉辦博鰲亞洲論壇年會、上合組織青島峰會、中非合作論壇北京峰會等重大主場外交活動。習(xí)近平主席等國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人出訪多國，出席亞太經(jīng)合組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人非正式會議、二十國集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人峰會、金磚國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會晤、亞歐首腦會議、東亞合作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人系列會議等重大活動。同主要大國關(guān)系總體穩(wěn)定，同周邊國家關(guān)系全面發(fā)展，同發(fā)展中國家團(tuán)結(jié)合作紐帶更加牢固。推動構(gòu)建新型國際關(guān)系，推動構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體。堅定維護(hù)國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益。經(jīng)濟(jì)外交、人文交流成果豐碩。中國致力于促進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展，作出了世人共睹的重要貢獻(xiàn)。
Over the past year, we attained new achievements in pursuing diplomacy with our own characteristics as a major country. We successfully hosted major diplomatic events such as the Boao Forum for Asia annual conference, the Qingdao Summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders visited many countries and attended major international events, including the APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the G20 Leaders Summit, the BRICS Leaders Meeting, the Asia-Europe Meeting, and the East Asian leaders’ meetings on cooperation.
China’s relations with other major countries remained generally stable, our relations with neighboring countries saw all-round growth, and our bond of unity and cooperation with other developing countries grew stronger.
We promoted the development of a new type of international relations and a human community with a shared future, and resolutely protected China’s sovereignty, security, and development interests. Our pursuit of economic diplomacy and cultural and people-to-people exchanges yielded rich fruit. China endeavored to promote world peace and development and made important contributions recognized around the world.
