美國全國廣播公司記者：最近越來越多的人擔心中國會取代美國的全球領導地位。因此有不少人認為，應該對華打貿易戰，來懲戒中國在國家主導模式下采取的不公平貿易和產業政策。您認為應該采取什么措施來解決美方關切，防止貿易戰？您是否還認為對話可以解決迫在眉睫的威脅？如果打貿易戰，中國能做什么？比如中國是否會考慮動用巨額外匯儲備和持有的美國國債？
NBC News: Premier
Li, there is increasing concern that China will displace the United States as
the world’s leader and a lot of talk about a trade war as punishment for what
critics describe as unfair trading, industrial policies over an authoritarian,
state-led economic model of China. So Mr. Premier, in your view, what measures
can be taken to address America’s concerns and prevent a trade war? Do you
still believe that dialogue can resolve what looks like an imminent threat? And
what can China do in the event of a trade war? Would you, for example, use
China’s vast foreign exchange reserves and massive holding of American debt?
Thank you.
李克強：最近一段時間關于中美要打貿易戰的議論比較多，但是我認為中美打貿易戰對雙方都沒有好處，沒有贏家。而且如果用“打仗”這個詞來形容貿易的話，也有悖于貿易的原則。因為貿易就是要通過協商、談判、對話來解決爭端。我希望雙方要保持理性，不要感情用事，避免打貿易戰。
Premier Li: Indeed,
there has been much talk about an emerging trade war between China and the
United States recently. We believe a trade war does nobody any good. No one
will emerge a winner from a trade war. War is essentially the antithesis of
trade, and trade disputes should be resolved through negotiation, consultation
and dialogue. What we hope is that cool heads and rational actions will prevail
instead of emotions or impulses holding sway. A trade war should best be
avoided.
去年中美貿易的規模已經達到5800多億美元，能走到這一步是靠市場，是按照商業規則來推進的，否則也不可能有這么大的量。當然，我們不愿意看見有比較大的貿易赤字，不僅是對美國。我們希望貿易總體平衡，否則的話難以持續。
Last year,
China-US trade reached $580 billion. This is achieved through observing
business rules and market principles. Otherwise, such a big volume of trade
would be unthinkable. A large trade deficit, either with the United States or
any other country, is not what China goes after. We want to see a basically
balanced trade. Otherwise, it would not be sustainable.
剛才我已經講了一些中國繼續推進擴大開放的具體措施，包括在服務業、制造業、商品等領域。美方企業是可以抓住機遇的。但同時我們也希望美方能夠放寬對華高技術、高附加值產品的出口。我們會嚴格保護知識產權。希望美方不要丟了這個平衡中美貿易的重器，否則就是丟了賺錢的機會。
Just now, I listed
some further steps of opening-up China is going to take covering services,
manufacturing and products. US businesses may well seize these opportunities.
At the same time, we hope the United States will ease restrictions on exporting
high-tech and high value-added goods to China. The associated intellectual
property rights will be fully protected. We hope this important measure for
balancing China-US trade will not be passed over. Otherwise a good opportunity
would be missed.
中國有巨額的外匯儲備。運用外匯儲備進行投資，我們從來都是按照市場規律進行多元化、市場化操作，而且中國是負責任的長期投資者。中美關系是最大的發展中國家和最大的發達國家之間的關系，兩國經濟有很強的互補性。中美關系穩定發展對兩國、對世界都是好事。至于對中國發展的一些擔憂，我認為那是過慮了。
China has vast
foreign exchange reserves. We have been making diversified investments of these
reserves on the basis of market principles, and China will remain a responsible
long-term investor. The relationship between China and the United States is one
between the world’s largest developing country and largest developed country.
Our economies are highly complementary. A stable China-US relationship is in
the interest of both countries and the whole world. Any worry about China’s
greater development is unnecessary.
中國新聞社記者：我們注意到前陣子中國有關部門對一些保險類、金融類企業采取了強制性措施。請問下一步這樣的做法是否會繼續？以及這是否表明了中國新一輪風險點正在繼續，中國是否有可能發生系統性金融風險？
China News
Service: Mr. Premier, we have noticed that recently some mandatory steps
have been taken against certain Chinese insurance and financial companies. Will
this happen again in the future? Does this mean that new risks are building in
China? And will they set off systemic financial risks?
李克強：我要負責任地說，中國有能力防范、也不會出現系統性金融風險。因為中國經濟的基本面是好的，金融運行也是穩健的。當然了，中國經濟總量已達80多萬億元，銀行資產有250多萬億元，你說沒有點風險，那是不可能的。常言道：云多易生雨，樹大常招風。我記得我在這里曾經說過，我們銀行的資本充足率和撥備覆蓋率是比較高的，高于國際標準。我在這里還想說，目前我們商業銀行法定存款準備金率在15%左右，這也相當于存了20多萬億的準備金，或者叫做風險準備金。
Premier Li: Let
me make it very clear as a person who holds responsibility in this area: China
has the capability to forestall systemic financial risks and I do not foresee such
risks. This is because the fundamentals of China’s economy remain strong, and
its financial system is in good shape. That said, as China’s GDP exceeds 80
trillion yuan with 250 trillion yuan of assets in the banking sector, our
financial system is not risk free.
Just as a proverb
goes, gathering clouds may bring rain and tall trees catch the wind. I recall
that at the press conference a couple of years ago, I pointed out that both the
capital adequacy ratio and provision coverage ratio of Chinese commercial banks
are fairly high and above international standards. Let me add here that the
required reserve ratio stands at about 15 percent, which is equivalent to us
having some 20 trillion yuan stashed away against risks.
今年我們還主動調低了赤字率，這是因為去年中國經濟穩中向好，財政超收超出了預期。僅中央財政就超收了2500多億元，我們沒有用，放到今年。而且今年前兩個月財政收入又達到兩位數增長，我們對實現今年全年經濟社會發展的主要目標和未來發展的預期是充滿信心的，所以我們還會努力按這個方向持續降低赤字率。當然，調低赤字率并不意味著要改變積極財政政策的取向。我們今年的財政支出超過去年財政支出，增加的量是不小的。我們降低赤字率既是有信心的表現，也是為應對如果國際不確定因素增多、國內一些新的風險點出現而備足工具。
This year, we have
taken the initiative to cut the budget deficit to GDP ratio, supported by the
sustained momentum of steady growth and higher than expected tax revenues. Last
year, the central government had an extra fiscal revenue of 250 billion yuan
above projection, and we have yet to dig into that amount of money. The first
two months of this year saw a double digit increase in China’s fiscal revenues.
So we are confident about meeting all the major economic and social development
targets this year.
Going forward, we
plan to further cut the deficit ratio. But this does not mean we will change
our proactive fiscal policy, for this year will see considerable increase in
the fiscal spending relative to last year. Our ability to cut the deficit ratio
shows our confidence in the health of our economy and is also meant to make
provisions for guarding against global uncertainties and emerging risks at
home.
當然，金融領域也有一些違法違規行為或者規避監管的行為在興風作浪。最近我們監管部門主動出手、果斷處理，就是要讓這些點狀的風險不擴散，該戳的“膿包”還是要戳，否則也有道德風險。在處理的過程中，我們也注意保護消費者的合法權益，積累了經驗。未來有類似的問題出現，我們還會堅決地處置。
True, some
irregularities and evasion of regulation in the financial sector have occurred.
The relevant authorities have taken resolute measures to deal with the pockets
of risks to prevent them from further spreading. When a blister needs bursting,
it should be burst. Otherwise, a small problem may escalate and entail moral
hazards. In dealing with these cases, we have taken care to protect the lawful
rights and interests of our consumers, and have gained further experience in
this area. We will continue to resolutely tackle such cases should they arise
in the future.
我們這次機構改革把銀監會和保監會合并，也是要防止規避監管的行為發生。當然，還有一個老問題就是非法集資，政府會保持打擊的力度。這里我也想說一句話，投資者千萬不要聽信那些非法集資者編造的“竹籃子也可以打水”的神話。
In this round of
institutional reform, we have decided to merge the insurance and banking
regulatory bodies to plug possible loopholes. At the same time, we do face
another old problem of illegal fund raising. The government will keep up the
fight against such illegal activities. I would also like to advise all
investors not to buy into the lies of those illegal fundraisers who’d have you
believe a bamboo basket will hold a gallon of water.
今日俄羅斯國際通訊社記者：兩年前，我曾經向您提過關于中俄經貿合作的問題。兩年過去了，仍然有人說中俄關系政治熱、經濟冷。俄羅斯剛剛進行總統大選，將組建新政府。作為同樣新上任的中國總理，您希望新一屆俄羅斯政府實施哪些行動來改善中俄經貿合作？同時，中國政府又將會采取哪些措施？另外，您想向俄羅斯釋放怎樣的政治信號？
RIA Novosti: Mr.
Premier, two years ago I asked you at the press conference about the
China-Russia relationship being close politically but lukewarm economically. It
seems that this is still how some people would describe the China-Russia relationship
today. Russia just held its presidential election and will soon form a new
government. As Chinese Premier at the start of a new term, what actions do you
hope the new Russian government will take to enhance the business ties between
the two countries, and what will the Chinese government do? What political
message would you like to convey to Russia?
李克強：19日下午習近平主席和普京總統通了電話，習近平主席對普京總統當選連任表示了祝賀。
你剛才提到的中俄經貿關系，前幾年走了一個“馬鞍形”，這是世界貿易形勢變化、國際大宗產品價格下跌等客觀原因造成的。去年中俄經貿關系有了新的發展，貿易規模增加了20%以上。現在中俄兩大經濟體的年貿易規模是800多億美元，我覺得還有很大潛力。我們完全可以通過創新機制，挖掘潛力，朝1000億美元的目標邁進。如果說要向俄羅斯人民發出什么樣的信號，那就是：中俄互為最大的鄰國，中俄全面戰略協作伙伴關系穩定發展對雙方、對世界都有利。
Premier Li: On
the evening of the 19th, President Xi Jinping and President Putin had a
telephone conversation and President Xi congratulated his Russian counterpart
on his re-election. Recent years did see a slide in China-Russia trade because
of the changing landscape of global trade and the downturn in commodity prices.
However, that slide was reversed last year and our trade registered an over 20%
growth year on year. Between our two large economies, trade now exceeds $80
billion. I believe there is still much untapped potential in China-Russia
trade. We can work together to bump it up to, say, $100 billion, by exploring
new mechanisms and unlocking potential. What I would like to say to the Russian
people is that China and Russia are each other’s biggest neighbors. The steady
growth of the comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination between China
and Russia serves the interests of both countries and the world at large.
臺灣東森電視臺記者：我們知道近年來由于種種原因，兩岸關系充滿著嚴峻的挑戰，前景令人擔憂，我的問題是面對這樣的形勢，大陸未來還要怎樣維護兩岸關系的和平發展？以及如何維護兩岸同胞的福祉？
EBC of Taiwan: In
recent years, due to various reasons, cross-Strait relations have encountered
some serious challenges with uncertain prospects. My question is, under such
circumstances, what will the mainland do to uphold the peaceful development of
cross-Strait relations and promote the well-being of people on both sides?
李克強：保持兩岸和平發展，這是兩岸民眾的福祉所在，我們會堅定按這條路走下去。我們一直在考慮怎樣為臺灣同胞來大陸工作、學習、生活，提供同等的待遇，因為我們是一家人。正因為我們同屬于一個中國，那就不能容忍任何“臺獨”的企圖、主張和行徑，也不能允許外國勢力打“臺灣牌”，這會給兩岸同胞、給兩岸關系都帶來困難。我們愿意和認同體現一個中國原則的“九二共識”的臺灣政黨、團體開展對話、協商，共同商談解決兩岸同胞關心的問題，維護兩岸關系和平發展，最終實現祖國和平統一。這是民族大義所在。
Premier Li: The
peaceful development of cross-Strait relations serves the well-being of people
on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, and we will continue to go down this path.
We have been working on ways to ensure that our fellow countrymen and women
from Taiwan will enjoy the same treatment as mainlanders when they come to work,
live or study on the mainland, because we are members of the same family, and
we both belong to one and the same China. That said, any attempt, proposition
or activity for “Taiwan independence” must not be tolerated, and we must not
allow any external forces to play “the Taiwan card” to cause difficulties for
people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait and for cross-Strait relations. We
are willing to have dialogue and consultation with all political parties and
groups on Taiwan which subscribe to the one-China principle to discuss all
issues that concern people on both sides. We should work together to uphold the
peaceful development of cross-Strait relations and eventually achieve China’s
peaceful reunification. We believe herein lies the fundamental interests of our
nation.
光明日報社記者：近年來，我國的醫藥衛生體制改革雖然已取得了一些新的進展，但一場大病就讓一個家庭陷入困境的現象還是屢有發生。請問總理，新一屆政府在解決老百姓因病致貧問題上將會采取哪些新的舉措？
Guangming Daily: Mr.
Premier, the reform of China’s healthcare system has made good strides in
recent years, but often a major illness can still land a family in severe
difficulty. What steps will the new government take to address the problem of
illness-induced poverty?
李克強：過去幾年，我們用了很大的努力，在過去的基礎上完善基本醫保制度，構建了世界上最大的醫保網，這是為了讓人人小病能看、大病敢看。但同時我們也感受到，確實還有一些困難家庭看大病難。你剛才講的問題不只是困難家庭，還有一些享受不到優質醫療資源的家庭也有同樣的問題，新媒體上常有報道。
Premier Li: In
the past few years, we have made enormous efforts to improve the basic health
insurance system. A medical insurance safety net, the largest of its kind in
the world, has been put in place to treat both minor and serious illnesses.
This being said, some families living in poverty or those who have difficulty
accessing quality medical resources do face the kind of problems that you
mentioned. A lot of such cases are reported in the new media.
中國太大，我們還有三千多萬貧困人口。以習近平同志為核心的黨中央對脫貧攻堅高度重視，對打贏這場攻堅戰向全社會作出承諾。在貧困人口當中，很多是因為大病致貧，或大病返貧。所以我們要在鞏固基本醫保的基礎上，把治大病的問題作為重點來抓。這幾年我們創新體制，把基本醫保和商業保險結合起來，運用“大數法則”，放大資金效應，使更多的人享受大病醫保，去年就有1700多萬人受益。
China is a vast
country; we still have some thirty million people living in poverty. The Party
Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core gives high priority to
poverty eradication and has made the pledge of winning the fight against
poverty. Among the impoverished population, many are pushed or have fallen back
into poverty because of a serious disease. The government, while improving the
basic healthcare system, has given greater attention to the treatment of
serious diseases. We have adopted some innovative measures; for example, we
have complemented basic health insurance with commercial insurance schemes. By
harnessing the law of large numbers, such an arrangement has produced an
amplifying effect of the insurance funds and extended the coverage of serious
disease insurance to 17 million people last year.
今年我們要在這方面繼續加大力度，提高的中央財政對基本醫保的補助資金，一半用于大病保險，至少能使2000萬人以上能夠享受大病保險救助，而且擴大了大病保險病種。同時我們要通過發展“互聯網+醫療”、醫聯體等，把優質醫療資源下沉，讓更多的大病患者能夠方便得到優質醫療資源的服務。
This year, we plan
to do more. We will raise central government subsidies for basic medical
insurance schemes, and half of the increase will go to serious disease
insurance. Our aim is to cover at least 20 million people and more types of
serious diseases in the insurance program. What’s more, we will encourage the
development of telemedicine and healthcare consortiums to make quality medical
resources more accessible at the community level.
今年春節前我到地方調研，路過一個貧困人口家庭，臨時走了進去，看到家里老人有大病，也有醫保卡，但還是不敢去看。這個情景在我腦中至今揮之不去。常說病來如山倒，我們就是要用大病保險等多種制度，不讓一個人患大病、全家都倒下。
During my
inspection trip on the eve of this past Spring Festival, I dropped in on a poor
family and met an elderly woman there who was seriously ill. Although she had
insurance coverage, the family still found the treatment unaffordable. Their
plight is still vivid in my memory. A Chinese saying compares a major illness
to a mountain falling down. When such an illness strikes, it is our hope that
the family will still find protection. That’s the very purpose of us having
major illness insurance program and other similar mechanisms.
日本東京廣播公司記者：今年是《中日和平友好條約》締結40周年。您在1月會見到訪的日本外相河野太郎時曾經表示，中日關系可謂“乍暖還寒”。您認為雙方還應該采取哪些措施，使兩國關系真正復蘇？您是否考慮接受日方邀請，結合出席今年中日韓領導人會議，對日本進行首次正式訪問，開啟中日兩國領導人互訪？
TBS: This
year marks the 40th anniversary of the China-Japan Peace and Friendship
Treaty. Mr. Premier, when you met Foreign Minister Kōno in January, you have
said the relationship is warming up but there are still some cold parts left.
If so, what more should both sides do for the relationship to fully recover?
And in the upcoming occasion of trilateral summit including South Korea, would
you intend to accept the invitation for your first official visit to Japan and
will that be the start of the reciprocal visits by the two countries’ leaders?
李克強：一段時間以來，中日關系確實出現了改善的勢頭，安倍首相多次邀請我訪問日本。我愿意在中日關系保持持續改善勢頭的氛圍中，積極考慮今年上半年結合出席中日韓領導人會議正式訪問日本。
Premier Li: We
have seen signs of improvement in China-Japan relations lately. Prime Minister
Abe has invited me on several occasions to visit Japan. In an atmosphere of
continuously improving ties, I would be ready to positively consider paying an
official visit to Japan while attending the China-Japan-ROK Leaders’ Meeting
there in the first half of this year.
我認為中日關系改善不僅需要氛圍，更需要遠見和定力。中日兩國領導人互訪有利于讓中日關系回歸正常軌道，但更重要的是要夯實中日關系的基礎，我們不能搞“一錘子買賣”，要讓中日關系持續向好。今年是《中日和平友好條約》締結40周年，應該遵守和堅持《中日和平友好條約》等中日之間四個政治文件的精神和共識。如果說兩國關系現在出現了“小陽春”，就要防止出現“乍暖還寒”，要讓中日關系向著持續穩定的方向發展。我們對日方有期待。
Improvement of
China-Japan relations requires not just the right atmosphere, but also vision
and commitment. Exchange of visits at the leadership level will help get this
relationship back on the track of steady development, but we must look to consolidate
the foundation of China-Japan relations rather than just make a one-time deal.
There needs to be sustained, steady progress of this relationship. This year
marks the 40th anniversary of the China-Japan Treaty of Peace and
Friendship. It’s important to honor the spirit and the consensus reached in the
four Sino-Japanese political documents including the Treaty of Peace and
Friendship. If we have seen a spring in China-Japan relationship, we must also
watch out for any possible return of chills. We need to work together for the
sustained, steady development of this relationship. That is what is expected of
Japan.
新華社記者：最近幾年“互聯網+”和共享經濟發展的勢頭非常迅猛，但是也出現了一些問題，未來的發展可能還有一些障礙。請問總理，您對此怎么看？未來政府對推動“互聯網+”有什么新的舉措？
Xinhua News
Agency: The Internet Plus model has been widely used in recent years and
there is a boom in the sharing economy. Meanwhile, in this process some
problems have cropped up, and their development may face some hurdles in the
future. How do you see the situation, Mr. Premier? And what will the government
do to promote further development of the Internet Plus model?
李克強：如果說中國經濟這艘巨輪這幾年能夠行穩致遠，其中一個重要原因就是在世界科技革命新一輪浪潮中成功掛上了“互聯網+”這個風帆，它催生了新動能。這幾年我們推動政府職能轉變，激發市場活力，促進消費成為發展主動力，使經濟結構發生深刻變革。這些都是相互關聯的，從而有效避免了中國經濟“硬著陸”。大家知道，前幾年“硬著陸”的聲音是不絕于耳的。現在經濟穩中向好，新動能等上述這些方面都起了重要作用。
Premier Li: In
recent years the Internet Plus model has played an important role in promoting
the steady growth of China’s economy, like a new sail being installed on the
big ship riding the wave of a new round of global technological revolution.
Transformed government functions have helped to energize the market.
Consumption has become the biggest driver of China’s development, and there has
been a fundamental change in China’s economic structure. All this
interconnected progress, together with the new drivers, has enabled the Chinese
economy to defy repeated predictions of a hard landing and sustain a sound
momentum of economic growth.
“互聯網+”不僅加出了新動能，而且它是最大的共享經濟平臺，為大眾創業、萬眾創新提供了廣闊的舞臺，推動經濟社會發展和人民生活發生著深刻的變化，讓科技精英、企業家都有更多展現能力的機會，更讓億萬草根能夠發揮聰明才智，表現他們獨特的價值。
The Internet Plus
model has not just fostered new drivers of growth, but also provided the
largest platform for the sharing economy, giving opportunity for our people to
pursue their own entrepreneurship and make innovations. It has made a big
difference in China’s economic and social development and profoundly changed
the way we work and live. In this context, technological professionals,
business people or the average people can all tap into their unique potential
and have the opportunities to prove their talents.
當然，“互聯網+”作為新事物，也有這樣那樣的問題，關鍵是要趨利避害，采取包容審慎的監管方式。對于“互聯網+”，不能怕惹事、圖省事，出現一些問題就一巴掌打死；也不允許利用“互聯網+”搞坑蒙拐騙，敗壞“互聯網+”的聲譽，抹黑“互聯網+”。我們應該從兩個方面悉心呵護。下一步我們還要采取推動“互聯網+”的許多新舉措，比如說過去一些“互聯網+”的企業總是到海外上市，現在我們已經要求有關部門完善境內上市制度，歡迎他們回歸A股，同時要為境內的創新創業企業上市創造更加有利的、符合法律規定的條件。我們還要推進“互聯網+”來拓展“智能+”，把它和醫療、教育、政務服務等結合起來，推動數字經濟、共享經濟向前發展，既快又健康。當然，對如何推動發展，既要符合發展規律，又盡量不要讓傳統思維限制了我們的想象力。
As a new
phenomenon, the Internet Plus may also have its own problems. In this process,
we need to maximize its benefits while taking care to address its possible
downsides. In exercising regulation over new things, we believe the government
needs to adopt a prudent yet accommodative approach. We should neither shut
them down once problems occur, which would be the easier thing to do, nor allow
the Internet Plus model to become a hotbed for cheating and manipulation. We
should guard against both of these risks.
As the next step,
we will adopt more measures to encourage the growth of this model. For example,
Chinese internet companies tend to get listed overseas. What we plan to do is
to improve the conditions for them to return to the mainland markets. We will
also create conditions in keeping with the law for our mainland high-tech or
innovation companies to get listed on the mainland markets. We need to further
develop the Internet Plus model by applying smart technologies to education,
health care, government services and other services sectors to promote fast and
sound growth of the digital economy and the sharing economy. We need to both
follow existing patterns and think out of the box in developing these models.
香港鳳凰衛視記者：我們注意到在您今年所作的政府工作報告中提到建設粵港澳大灣區，支持香港和澳門融入國家發展大局，全面推進內地和港澳的互利合作。但是在香港也有擔憂，擔心這一做法是否會讓香港失去自身的特色和定位，會不會影響到“一國兩制”的落實，甚至模糊“兩制”的界線。您怎樣看？
Phoenix TV of Hong
Kong: Mr. Premier, in your government work report this year, you said
efforts will be made to develop the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,
support Hong Kong and Macao in integrating their own development into overall
national development and further enhance the mutually beneficial cooperation
between the mainland and these two regions. But some people in Hong Kong feel
somewhat worried whether this will undercut Hong Kong’s unique role, or affect
the implementation of “one country, two systems”, or even blur the line between
the two systems. How would you respond to that?
李克強：我們要建設粵港澳大灣區，把它建成世界級的大灣區，重要原因就是三地有各自獨特的優勢，能夠形成互補，否則就談不上建設一個有世界競爭力的大灣區了。現在大灣區的規劃綱要正在制定過程當中，很快會出臺實施，港澳居民到內地來，特別是到廣東來工作、生活，在住房、教育、交通等諸多方面將逐步享受同等的待遇。我們愿意和港澳同胞一起共享國家發展的機遇。就是對臺灣同胞，我們也希望他們能分享大陸的發展機遇。
Premier Li: We
want to build the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area into a world-class
city cluster with the three places drawing upon each other’s comparative
strengths; otherwise this Greater Bay Area would not be competitive
internationally. The outline for the development program is being formulated
and will be adopted for implementation. For people from Hong Kong and Macao who
come to work or live on the mainland, especially in Guangdong, we will
gradually introduce the same treatment for them as mainlanders in terms of
housing, education and transportation, among others. We would also like to
share such opportunities with people from Taiwan.
至于說香港、澳門融入國家發展大局，我們當然會堅持“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，我們和其他國家都可以共同發展、互利共贏，更何況內地和港澳同屬一個國家，在“一國兩制”下，會更好發揮各自的優勢，形成互補，打造新的增長極。
We encourage Hong
Kong and Macao to integrate their own development into overall national
development. In this process, we will continue to observe the principle of “one
country, two systems” under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong,
the people of Macao administer Macao, and both regions enjoy a high degree of
autonomy. As there can be mutually beneficial cooperation and common
development between different countries, there is even more reason for the
three places which belong to one and the same country to do so. Under the
guidance of the “one country, two systems” principle, we are confident that
these three areas will draw upon each other’s strengths and work together in
building a new and strong region of vibrant growth.
中國國際廣播電臺記者：我們知道，中國目前已經進入到了老齡化社會，但是養老供給不足、質量不高，而且還面臨著很多人養不起老的問題。此外，我們也注意到，在某個省份，去年已經出現了養老金被“擊穿”的現象，不少人也在擔心，會不會有其他省份步其后塵？請問這個問題如何應對？將怎么解決兩億多人的養老問題？
China Radio
International: Mr. Premier, given the aging of the Chinese population,
quality and inexpensive old-age care is woefully lacking. It was also reported
last year that a Chinese province ran behind its pension payouts, raising
concerns about similar problem in other provinces. How should this problem be
addressed and what will the government do to ensure adequate old-age support
for the over 200 million senior citizens in China?
李克強：我們已經到吃飯時間了，你問了一個和吃飯相關的問題。保證養老金足額發放、按時領取，這是我們必須做到的。的確，有個別省份去年養老金收不抵支。我到一些老工業基地去調研，特別是今年兩會下團，我首先問的是養老金能不能夠及時足額發放。個別省份發放養老金之所以有困難，和當地經濟下行壓力較大、財政減收有關，他們已經采取盤活處置國有資產、調整財政支出結構等來保證及時足額發放。當然，中央財政也給了一定的幫助。
Premier Li: It’s
already lunch time, and your question is also about a livelihood issue. We must
ensure that old-age pensions will be paid in full and on time. The problem that
you described did happen in certain provinces last year. I made a point of
raising the issue of pension payouts each time I visit old industrial bases or
hold discussions with the delegates during this year’s Two Sessions. The
difficulties that some provinces face are mainly due to the decline in their
fiscal revenues at the time of local economic downturn. But they have taken
multiple steps to address the issue, such as putting to better use state-owned
assets or adjusting the structure of government expenditure. The central
government has also provided some funding support for this.
不可否認，可能還會有一些省份養老金在總體上會出現一些困難，但從全國范圍來講，我們保證養老金按時足額發放是有能力的。去年末企業職工養老保險基金的結余是4.1萬億元，當年也是收大于支。我們還有養老金的戰略儲備，就是社會保障基金擁有的資金在增加，去年達1.8萬億元，完全可以保證全國范圍內養老金按時足額發放。
Despite the
difficulties faced by some provinces, at the national level, we are capable of
making pension payment in full and on time. As of the end of last year, the
balance of China’s pension insurance funds for urban workers stood at over 4.1
trillion yuan, and we had more revenues than expenditures. We also have 1.8
trillion yuan in social security fund as a strategic reserve, which is still
increasing. So we are fully capable of ensuring full and timely payment of
pension benefits nationwide.
當然，我們還要推進這個領域的相關改革，像今年我們將實施養老金基金調劑制度，中央收取3%進行統籌調劑，以后比例還會有所提高，以彌補有些省養老金可能會發生的不足。同時，我們還會通過劃撥國有資產收益來增加社保基金的總量，不僅使它安全，而且要拓展盈利空間，這些都是保證老有所養的“定盤星”，大家對未來應該充滿信心。為什么這么說？因為如果我們不能做到這一點，老人辛苦了一輩子還不能老有所養，那后來人就會失去信心。
We will continue
to pursue reform in this area. This year, we plan to establish a central system
of pension fund provisions that can be transferred to provinces in case of
need. The initial contribution rate for all provinces will be three percent,
which means each province will contribute three percent of their funds to the
central provision to be used to fill the shortfalls that some provinces may
face. In addition, we will use some of the state-owned asset proceeds to
replenish the national social security fund to make it safer and more
profitable. These measures will help to deliver stronger old-age support to the
senior people in China. We should give people confidence in the future. Think
about it, if decades of hard work cannot earn one a decent retirement life, our
future generations will lose faith in us.
不能把老年人當作負擔，“夕陽紅”還是一個產業。很多老人可以做他們力所能及的事情。當然，這絕不是推卸我們必須保證老有所養的責任。
We should never
see senior people as a liability, though. There are still so many things that
they can do and a retired life can also offer tremendous business opportunities
and turn out to be an important industry. That said, we will never shirk the
government’s due responsibility in extending adequate old-age support.
剛才主持人說這是最后一個問題，你問的是民生問題，前面記者也問到了幾個民生的問題。這一點請大家相信，我們以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，很重要的就是要貫徹以人民為中心的發展思想，人民政府工作的出發點和落腳點就是保障和改善民生，我們就是要保障基本民生，破除民生痛點，增加優質資源，惠及更多人民群眾。
Just now the
moderator said this is going to be the last question. I recall that previously
we also addressed several questions related to people’s livelihood. Under the
guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
for a New Era, we will continue to put people first. The efforts made by a
people’s government boils down to the purpose of serving our people’s
well-being and improving their lives. We will continue to take strong measures
to ensure people’s basic living needs, address their pressing concerns, make
more quality resources available, and deliver more concrete benefits to our
people.
記者會結束時，楚天都市報記者問：個稅起征點會提高多少？
Chutian Metropolis
Daily: Mr. Premier, how much will the personal income tax threshold be
raised?
李克強答：我們會抓緊啟動，按法律程序辦理。
Premier Li: We
will start the relevant process expeditiously and the procedures will be
handled in accordance with law.
