2018年李克強總理會見采訪兩會的中外記者并回答提問
Premier Li Keqiang Meets the Press
十三屆全國人大一次會議20日上午在人民大會堂舉行記者會，國務院總理李克強應大會發言人張業遂的邀請會見中外記者，并回答記者提問。國務院副總理韓正、孫春蘭、胡春華、劉鶴參加。
The First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress held a press conference on 20 March 2018. Premier Li Keqiang met with Chinese and foreign reporters and answered their questions at the invitation of Spokesperson Mr. Zhang Yesui. The press conference was also attended by Vice-Premiers Han Zheng, Sun Chunlan, Hu Chunhua and Liu He.
李克強總理向中外記者介紹了各位副總理，并對大家表示感謝，歡迎大家提問。
Premier Li Keqiang presented the newly-appointed vice-premiers and thanked members of the media. He then opened the floor to questions. The following is a transcript of the press conference.
李克強：媒體的各位朋友們，女士們、先生們，感謝你們為中國兩會作出了大量的報道、付出的辛勞，在這里向你們表示衷心的感謝。
我先介紹一下幾位新任的副總理：韓正副總理。孫春蘭副總理。胡春華副總理。劉鶴副總理。
下面歡迎媒體的朋友們提問。
Premier Li Keqiang: Members of the media, ladies and gentlemen, let me begin by expressing my high appreciation to all of you for your hard work in covering the NPC and CPPCC sessions. Before taking your questions, let me present to you the newly-appointed vice-premiers. They are: Vice-Premier Han Zheng, Vice-Premier Sun Chunlan, Vice-Premier Hu Chunhua and Vice-Premier Liu He. Now the floor is open for questions.
彭博社記者：今年是中國改革開放40周年。在過去的40年中，中國取得了巨大的經濟發展成就，成功使數億人脫貧。在中國進入新時代以后，面臨的問題將更加復雜，我們認為中國改革開放的模式也會經歷一些變化，這集中體現在這次兩會期間通過了政府機構改革方案以及進行修憲等。請問中國特別是在吸引外資和促進外貿方面，奉行的改革開放模式會跟過去40年有什么不同？
Bloomberg: This year is the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening. Over those 40 years, China has enjoyed unprecedented economic growth and hundreds of millions of people have been pulled out of poverty. But it’s becoming increasingly clear that China is entering a new era, where problems are going to become more complicated and the model of reform and opening is also changing, highlighted by the restructuring of the government departments and the revisions of the Constitution that were passed by the National People’s Congress this year. I wanted to ask you what will the biggest difference be between reform and opening in this new era versus the past, especially when it comes to foreign investment and trade?
李克強：中國40年來有目共睹的經濟社會發展成就和開放是密不可分的。開放推動了改革，促進了發展。可以說中國人民從開放中嘗到了甜頭。去年年初，習近平主席在達沃斯世界經濟論壇發表演講時明確表示，中國將繼續維護自由貿易，開放是中國的基本國策。如果說中國的開放有新變化的話，那就是門會越開越大。中國經濟已經深度融入世界經濟，關上門等于擋住了我們自己的路。
Premier Li: Opening-up has been instrumental to China’s economic and social transformation in the past 40 years. It has driven China’s reform agenda, promoted its development and delivered real benefits to the Chinese people. In his speech at the World Economic Forum meeting in Davos last year, President Xi Jinping made it clear that China will continue to uphold free trade and pursue opening-up as a fundamental policy. If there’s anything that’s going to be different from the past, it will be that China will open even wider to the world. With its economy so integrated into the global economy, closing China’s door will only hinder our own progress.
新的變化意味著進一步擴大開放，我們在開放方面還有較大的空間和潛力。比如貨物貿易，我們商品進口稅率水平在世界上處于中等水平，我們愿意以更開放的姿態進一步降低商品進口的總體稅率水平。一些市場熱銷的消費品，包括藥品，特別是群眾、患者急需的抗癌藥品，我們要較大幅度地降低進口稅率，對抗癌藥品力爭降到零稅率。對于服務貿易，我們現在是逆差，進一步開放服務業會付出一些代價，但可以促進提高我們產業的競爭力。下一步重點要放寬服務業的準入，比如在養老、醫療、教育、金融等領域，我們會加大放寬準入力度，在一些領域逐步放寬甚至取消股比限制。我們還會全面放開制造業，在這方面不允許強制轉讓技術，我們將保護知識產權。
China will continue to open up; indeed, there is still broad space to do so. China’s import tariffs are at the medium level internationally. We are committed to bringing them down still further, particularly for high-demand consumer goods. For instance, we aim to adopt zero tariff for the much-needed anti-cancer drugs.
On the other hand, China runs a deficit in trade in services. Further opening of the services sector will entail a cost, but it will make the sector more competitive. We plan to widen access to elderly care, health care, education and financial services. We will ease or lift the cap on foreign ownership in some sectors. We will also make the manufacturing sector fully open. There will be no mandatory requirement for technology transfer, and intellectual property rights will be better protected.
我們的外商投資負面清單會進一步調整縮減。今年及今后幾年會逐步放寬準入。而且我們還要加快推進涉及外商投資的三個法律合并成一個基礎性法律，以實現給外商準入前國民待遇的承諾。至于你提到的修憲、機構改革與開放的關系，這次全國人民代表大會已經批準了憲法修正案和政府機構改革方案，我們會遵循憲法，推進機構改革，這將更有利于堅持我們對外開放的基本國策。
The negative list for inbound investment will be shortened in the course of this year and the coming years. We aim to merge the three laws governing foreign investment into one law, and fully honor our commitment to foreign investors of pre-establishment national treatment.
As for your question about how the constitutional amendment and institutional reform is going to impact China’s opening-up, now that the constitutional amendment and government institutional reforms have been adopted at the NPC session, we will faithfully observe the amended Constitution and follow through on institutional reform. This will reinforce our commitment to the fundamental policy of opening-up.
我在報紙上看到，部分媒體對中國的開放有這樣那樣的議論，所以我多說兩句。我們的努力方向是要使13億人的市場逐步成為中外企業、各類所有制企業都可以公平競爭的市場，給中國消費者以更多的選擇，促使中國產品和服務升級，促進經濟向高質量的方向發展。
I can see from some media reports that opinions are divided on market openness in China. Let me make this clear. Our goal is to gradually create a level playing field in a market of 1.3 billion consumers for both Chinese and foreign-invested enterprises of all types of ownership. This will provide Chinese consumers with more options and incentivize the upgrading of Chinese products and services and that of the overall economy.
當然，中國的開放是一個漸進的過程，有些當時看起來并不起眼的開放舉措，幾年后回過頭來看，可能成效令人驚訝。比如說5年前我們簡化了因私護照辦理和出境的手續，結果出境人次從當年的7000多萬增加到去年的1億3千多萬，而且其中多數都是去旅游和消費。所以看中國的開放，不僅要看細節、領域，更要看長遠、全景。當然，開放是雙向的、是相互的，就好像雙人劃船，光靠單人使力，這個船只能原地打轉。只有兩人同向用力才能向前進。
This said, China’s opening-up will be an incremental process. In retrospect, a modest step of opening-up may sometimes yield enormous benefits. For example, five years ago we simplified the procedure for getting passports and traveling overseas. As a result, the number of outbound trips made by Chinese citizens surged from 70 million to 130 million last year, most of them being tourists and shoppers. In making sense of China’s opening-up, one needs to pay attention to the concrete steps in specific areas, but more importantly take a panoramic and long-term view. I also want to emphasize that opening needs to work both ways. It’s like rowing a boat: if only one of the two oars people is giving it their best, the boat will just keep turning on the spot. They’ll only move forward if both are working in the same direction.
中國日報社記者：總理您好，今年兩會期間，有代表委員提出要像當年抓GDP一樣，抓“放管服”改革，同時也有人說，中國目前的制度性成本還是很高，辦事還是比較難。請問總理，“放管服”改革要放多少？放了以后該怎么管？是否有一個明確的目標？
China Daily: During this year’s “Two Sessions”, some delegates expressed the view that the Chinese government should pursue the reform of its own functions with the same determination as in pursuing GDP growth in the past. At the same time, we have also heard some complaints suggesting that the government-imposed transaction cost in China remains high, and it is still difficult for the people to get things done. So I would like to ask you, Mr. Premier, what more steps will the new government take to streamline administration and delegate powers? And what will the government do to enhance compliance oversight? Are there any specific goals in this area?
李克強：這是一個很重要的問題。上屆政府伊始，我們抓住轉變政府職能這個“牛鼻子”，推動簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務改革，就是要理順政府和市場的關系，激發市場的活力和社會創造力。可以說這方面已經取得了階段性成果，成為政府持續推進自身改革、解放和發展生產力的一個利器。
Premier Li: You asked a very important question. The transformation of government functions was high on the agenda during our first term. We saw the effort to streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve compliance oversight and government services as pivotal to getting the relationship between the government and the market right, which will further stimulate market vitality and public creativity. I’m happy to say that our efforts have paid off, and these measures have become an effective means for further reforming government functions and for unleashing and developing the productive forces.
這次兩會期間，我到代表團、聯組會參加審議和討論，不少代表委員都提出，在推進供給側結構性改革的時候，政府要著力推動優化營商環境，提供辦事便利，這可以說是市場主體和人民群眾對改革比較迫切的愿望，他們提的有很多看似小問題，實際上連著大政策。我們要見端知本，改革就是要把突破點推向離市場、群眾最近的地方，把民之所望作為改革所向。
In my discussions with them during this year’s “Two Sessions”, many delegates raised the hope that in pursuing supply-side structural reforms, the government will focus more on improving the business environment and making things easier for people to get things done. These voices represent the high expectation of market entities and our people for further actions. The issues they raise may seem small, yet they bear on major policy decisions. We must heed this call by tackling the root of the problems and pushing for breakthroughs in areas most closely related to the market and to the lives of our citizens to better respond to their needs.
“天下大事必作于細”。在放寬市場準入方面，今年要在六個方面下硬功夫，也可以把它形象地說成是六個“一”，那就是企業開辦時間再減一半；項目審批時間再砍一半；政務服務一網辦通；企業和群眾辦事力爭只進一扇門；最多跑一次；凡是沒有法律法規依據的證明一律取消?，F在我們開辦企業的時間經過幾年的努力，可以說已經降了不少，但是全國平均還要22天，而在一些發達國家，只需要不到一天的時間。我們項目施工許可的辦理時間就更長了，所以必須減繁。這六個“一”都是減，再加上減稅、減費，這些都是動政府“奶酪”的，是傷筋動骨的改革。
As we say in Chinese, every single detail counts in the accomplishment of big tasks. Going forward, these are the 6 things we plan to do. We’ll cut the time it takes for opening a business by another half; we will reduce the time required for reviewing a project application by another half; we will put in place, at the national level, an e-platform for accessing government services; we will work to see that our people can get things done in one office, without the need for a second trip; and we will ensure that any requirement for certification that has no basis in law or regulations will be abolished.
Thanks to efforts in recent years, we have significantly cut the time required for opening a business in our country. But it still takes 22 days on national average, whereas it takes maybe less than a day in a developed country. And it takes even longer for one to get a project permit in China. So, with regulatory streamlining and further tax and fee cuts, we are making profound adjustments to government functions. This is like moving the government’s own cheese.
當然，要放得開，還必須管得住、管得好。我們要加強事中事后監管，就是要管住市場秩序，對那些假冒偽劣、坑蒙拐騙、欺行霸市，乃至搞不正當壟斷的，就要把它驅逐出市場，甚至嚴加懲罰，因為它妨礙公平、阻礙創新，也有悖社會道德。市場活力和人文精神是相輔相成的。當然，我們加強監管，也要注意防止擾民。比如這次機構改革，我們就把涉及市場監管的一些部門合并了，推進綜合執法，避免多個“大蓋帽”去管一個小商販。
Any regulatory streamlining can only serve its purpose when supported with enhanced compliance oversight, which helps to enforce market order. All acts of malpractice involving cheating in the marketplace, making or selling fake or substandard goods, or running unlawful monopolies, will be dealt with in strict accordance with the law and banned from the market, as they are the enemy of fairness and innovation and go against social ethics.
We believe that a vibrant market and care for the people should go hand in hand. Compliance oversight should not cause undue inconveniences to average citizens. In this round of government institutional reform, for example, we have decided to merge the various market regulatory bodies in order to slim down the bloated ranks of officials who deal with market entities on a daily basis and exercise unified law enforcement.
剛才第一位記者講到兩會的時候提到機構改革，這次國務院機構改革還包括了國稅和地稅的合并，這令我想起了一件事。我參加一次座談會，有專家跟我說他去調研時發現，在餐館里邊吃飯是由地稅向餐館收營業稅，而要打包帶走就由國稅來收增值稅。他問當地有關方面，要是站在餐館門檻上吃該由哪個部門來收稅??？當時對方給他的回答是“你這是抬杠”。但在現實當中的確有這樣的事情。我們這幾年通過推動營改增、取消營業稅，實現了稅收以共享稅為主，這樣國稅、地稅合并就有了基礎，可以避免多頭收稅、干擾企業的行為。所以放要放出活力，管要管出公平。管也是要觸動利益的。
The first reporter who asked a question mentioned this round of government institutional reform. One part of it is to combine the state and local tax offices at and below the provincial-level. This actually reminds me of a recent discussion I had with a group of scholars. One of these experts had been doing some local research, and discovered that if you sit and eat in a restaurant, the local tax office collects business tax. But if you order takeaway, the state tax office collects VAT. So he asked a tax officer: what if I stand and eat in the doorway of the restaurant? Who collects the tax then? The officer replied, “That’s just nitpicking for the sake of it.” But actually, it’s true that this kind of problem exists.
In recent years, as you may know, we have introduced the reform to replace business tax with value added tax. This has enabled the sharing of tax revenues and provided the foundation for the merging of tax authorities at the central and local levels to avoid duplications that burden businesses. So all in all, our regulatory rollback and compliance oversight will contribute to a more energized market and the creation of a level playing field. I should also add that vested interests will be dealt with in the enhanced compliance oversight process.
“利民之事，絲發必興”。推進改革、做好政府工作，就是要為公、唯實、利民。我們要努力為市場主體優化營商環境、為人民群眾提供辦事便利，敢于自我革命。只要是為了人民的利益，我們萬難不辭、萬險不避。
Nothing is too small for us to do if it delivers concrete benefits to our people. The ultimate purpose of all reform measures and endeavors of the government is to serve the common good, be results-oriented, and benefit the people. In this regard, the government will further reform itself to foster a better business environment for market players, and make it easier for our people to access government services. In so doing, this government will rise up to all challenges and press ahead against all odds.
韓聯社記者：隨著韓朝雙方商定下月舉行首腦會談，朝鮮表明無核化意愿，美國總統特朗普同意同朝鮮領導人會晤，近來朝鮮半島局勢出現較大變化。在此情況下，中方對解決半島問題有何期待？將為此發揮何種作用？中方是否還會繼續推進六方會談以解決半島問題？
Yonhap News: There have been significant developments on the Korean Peninsula recently, with an inter-Korean summit planned for next month, the DPRK indicating willingness to denuclearize, and the US President agreeing to meet with the North Korean leader. Under such circumstances, I would like to ask, Mr. Premier, what does China expect from the settlement of the Korean nuclear issue and what role is China prepared to play to this end? Will China push forward the Six-Party Talks to resolve the nuclear issue?
李克強：我們樂見半島出現緩和的趨勢，也支持一切有利于通過對話談判解決半島核問題的努力，中方會盡最大努力來推動和實現半島無核化、維護和保持半島和平穩定。我們希望看到各方拿出誠意，付諸行動，盡快把半島核問題拉回到談判桌上來，使半島無核化與半島和平穩定能有新的進展，這對有關各方、對世界都是好事。半島是我們的近鄰，直接和中國的利益攸關，我們的關注度是可想而知的。
Premier Li: We welcome the recent de-escalation of tensions on the Korean Peninsula. China supports all efforts that are conducive to the resolution of the Korean nuclear issue through dialogue and negotiation. China will continue to do all it can to take forward the denuclearization process and uphold peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula. We hope that all parties will show sincerity and take concrete actions to get the nuclear issue back to the track of negotiation and strive for new progress towards denuclearization and peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula. We believe this serves the interests of all parties and the world at large.
The Korean Peninsula is in China’s close neighborhood. China’s own interests are at stake. So you can well imagine how concerned we are with the situation there.
中央電視臺記者：現在有一些民營企業家擔心財產得不到有效保護，心里沒有安全感，不敢投資，甚至有一些還在想方設法地向外轉移資產，在有些地方還出現了一些企業家投訴政府的不作為和亂作為的情況。您對此怎么看？針對這樣的問題打算怎么解決？
CCTV: Concerned about the safety of their property, some private business people are reluctant to make new investments. Some are even trying to transfer their assets overseas. We have also heard complaints from private businesses about the inaction or arbitrary behaviors on the part of some government officials. Premier Li, what will your government do to resolve this problem?
李克強：中國改革開放以來，我們一直堅持“兩個毫不動搖”，可以說包括國企、民企等各類所有制企業，為中國經濟取得歷史性成就都付出了巨大的努力，作出了貢獻?，F在民營企業稅收占半壁江山，對城鎮新增就業的貢獻率達90%。當然，一段時間以來，的確出現民企投資偏弱的現象，這和產權保護以及多方面的問題相關，我們高度重視。
Premier Li: Since reform and opening-up, we have remained committed to unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector and unswervingly supporting and developing the non-public sector. It is fair to say that businesses of all types of ownership, private as well as state-owned, have made important contributions to the historic progress of the Chinese economy in the past few decades. Nowadays, private businesses account for about half of the tax revenues. They also contribute 80% to employment and create 90% of new urban jobs. It’s true that private investment has been less than robust due to weak protection of property rights and some other factors. We are paying high attention to addressing this problem.
保護產權就是保護社會主義市場經濟的基石，就是保護生產力，我們一直把各類合法產權的保護是放在心上的，而且逢難必解。記得去年在記者會上，有人擔心住宅土地使用權到期后會不會有問題，我們明確表示可以延期、不影響交易，而且這方面要抓緊修法。對農民土地承包第二輪到期，我們也明確提出繼續延長30年。我們還在多方面采取措施，維護合法產權，運用法律加強保護，這也是弘揚法治精神。
Property rights are the cornerstone of our socialist market economy. Protecting lawful property rights is like nurturing the productive forces. Hence it has been a high-priority item on the government agenda, and every effort has been made to tackle the problems our people have encountered in this area. For example, at last year’s press conference I was asked about the potential effect of the expiration of land use rights for residential homes. I responded by pledging automatic renewal of the rights and the protection of all such transactions. I also called for amending the relevant law to reflect this policy. Since then, we have also reaffirmed the extension of the current rural land contracts by another 30 years. These are examples of our efforts to protect property rights through means of law, which is a good indication of our commitment to the rule of law.
保護產權必須要尊重合同，弘揚契約精神，不能把合同當做廢紙。的確，有些地方的某些行為不好，新官不理舊賬，換了一個官員，過去的合同就不算了。政貴有恒，不能把合同當廢紙。對此我們是堅決制止的，而且要予以處罰。去年我們有關部門抓住幾個典型案件，把涉產權的錯案糾正過來，這也表明了我們的決心，就是要持續向社會發出信號：讓恒產者有恒心，讓投資者有信心，讓各類產權的所有者安心，給所有合法產權所有者都吃上長效的定心丸。
Let me emphasize that contracts must be honored and not treated as scrap paper. Continuity is essential to good governance. New officials must not be allowed to disavow obligations undertaken by their predecessors; those who have done so will be duly punished. Last year, some property rights cases which were poorly adjudicated were redressed. These actions are meant to send a signal to the society of our resolve to ensure that all property owners and investors, regardless of the type of ownership, will have peace of mind as long as they operate within the confines of the law.
新加坡聯合早報記者：隨著中國經濟崛起，一些批評指出，中國越來越多地使用資本和中國市場的吸引力作為政治工具，影響他國的外交政策，甚至進行某種政治滲透。請問對此您有什么評價？您認為外界對于中國的崛起和戰略擴張應該感到擔憂嗎？
Lianhe Zaobao of Singapore: With China’s economic rise, some critics have been saying that China is increasingly using its money and market as political tools to try to influence other countries’ foreign policies or make some sort of political infiltration. How would you respond to that? Should the world feel worried about China’s rise and its strategic expansion?
李克強：中國這些年對世界經濟增長的貢獻率超過30%，這不僅有利于促進世界經濟復蘇，而且對世界和平也是貢獻。因為擴大了合作和貿易，就有了更多協商和談判，從而避免沖突。中國文化歷來主張“己所不欲、勿施于人”，我們希望的是和為貴。我們要維護國家的領土完整，絕不會也不能丟失自己的一寸土地，也不會侵占別人的一寸土地，這是同理，我們走的是和平發展道路。
Premier Li: In recent years, China’s economic growth has contributed some thirty percent to global growth. This has been conducive not only to global economic recovery but also to world peace. More trade and more cooperation mean more negotiations, and that helps to keep conflicts away. The Chinese believe that one must not do to others what one does not like to be done to himself. We always value peace. We are resolute in upholding China’s territorial integrity and will never give up a single inch of our own territory. In a similar vein, we will not take or occupy an inch of others’ land. What we pursue is a road of peaceful development.
中國過去的發展是在和平的國際環境下取得的，今后要實現現代化，也需要和平的國際環境。這里我想強調兩點：
第一，中國永遠不會搞擴張。中國是發展中國家，我們無意搞擴張，即使將來強大了，也不會走國強必霸的道路。我們愿意和各國在相互尊重、平等互利的基礎上發展關系，共同構建人類命運共同體。我們和其他國家的經貿合作都是按照市場規則、商業原則去推進的。我們倡導“一帶一路”，也是要共商共建共享。我們對于發展中國家特別是欠發達國家的援助是力所能及的，不附加任何政治條件，談不上政治滲透。至于國際社會在有些方面希望中國承擔更多國際責任，我們能承擔的是與發展中國家地位相當的國際責任。如果把這些看成是戰略擴張的話，那就是誤讀或者是誤解。
Our development so far has been achieved in a peaceful international environment. Going forward, a peaceful international environment remains what China needs for attaining modernization. Let me emphasize two points: One, China will not seek expansion. China remains a developing country who has no intention to pursue expansion. Even if it grows stronger in the future, it will continue to defy the logic which predestines a rising country to hegemony. What China wants is to develop relations with all other countries and regions on the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit. Together, we could build a community with a shared future for mankind.
China’s business cooperation with other countries follows market principles and business rules. In pursuing the Belt and Road Initiative, we have sought shared benefits through consultation and collaboration. China’s assistance within its capacity to some other developing countries, especially underdeveloped countries, has never come with political strings. It has nothing to do with political influence. In some areas, the international community may want China to assume a greater role. Well, China is ready to fulfill its due international responsibilities commensurate with its status as a major developing country. It would be a misunderstanding to see China playing such a role as seeking strategic expansion.
第二，我們會集中精力做好自己的事。這些年來，作為總理，我深知中國發展中還有諸多困難和挑戰，在民生方面還有諸多難題和痛點，政府每天要應對的是大量這類難題。我們出訪和國際交往都是為了贏得和平穩定的國際與周邊環境，為中國發展贏得更多的共贏機遇，這一點我們是清醒的。
My second point is that we will continue to focus on managing China’s own affairs well. As Chinese Premier, I am fully aware that my country is still confronted with many difficulties and challenges, including many pressing livelihood issues. We in the government must deal with these challenges on a daily basis. We travel and make friends around the world in order to foster a peaceful and stable environment, internationally and in our neighborhood, and create more win-win opportunities for China’s development. We know clearly that this is what we should continue to do.
人民日報社記者：我們觀察到總理您在政府工作報告中指出，要讓更加公平、充分的就業始終成為高質量發展的亮點，但是在現實生活中，比如大學生就業還有轉崗職工再就業、復轉軍人再就業等仍然困難不少，這也意味著未來5年中國的就業市場將面臨著諸多挑戰。請問您準備如何解決這些困難？
People’s Daily: Mr. Premier, in your government work report, you said that fairer and fuller employment should always be a highlight of high quality development in China. At the same time, however, college graduates, laid-off workers from cutting overcapacity and demobilized military personnel continue to face difficulty in getting jobs, which means daunting challenges in ensuring employment. What do you plan to do to tackle this problem?
李克強：就業成效是要由人民群眾來評判的，如果有失業也是掩蓋不住的，所以我先回答你今年的問題，未來5年會怎么樣，要看今年做得怎么樣。
Premier Li: Whether the government is doing a good job in employment is best judged by our people. I don’t think anyone would be able to cover it up if we fall short on job creation. Let me first address what we plan to do on the employment front this year, as this year’s performance will be a good indicator of what is to come in the next five years.
過去5年，中國經濟運行保持在合理區間，其中一個很大的亮點就是實現了6600多萬城鎮新增就業，保持了比較充分的就業。就業對于一個家庭來說是天大的事。沒有一個人就業，一個家庭就毫無生氣。如果大學生畢業就失業，就沒有希望。所以我們要將心比心，各級政府及其工作人員，都要把就業放在心上，扛在肩上。今年政府工作報告首次把城鎮調查失業率列入預期目標，就是為了更加充分地反映城鄉就業狀況，也可以說這是自加壓力。
In recent years, with the Chinese economy operating within its proper range, some 60 million new urban jobs have been generated, ensuring relatively full employment in China. This has been a big achievement. Employment is of paramount importance for each and every family, and nothing is gloomier for it than zero employment of its members. A college graduate would not have a future if graduation means joblessness. Governments at all levels must fully appreciate the importance of employment, and always put job creation high on their agenda. In this year’s government work report, for the first time, we incorporated surveyed urban unemployment as a projected target, to better reflect the employment situation in both urban and rural areas. This is the government putting pressure on itself.
這里我想報個大賬，我們今年城鎮實際新成長勞動力有1500萬到1600萬，我們定的目標是至少要保證新增1100萬人就業，但方向是1300萬人以上，前幾年我們都做到了，今年也沒有理由不做到。與此同時，我們還有2.8億農民工，他們在城市化進程中蓋起大樓、鋪通大道，為中國發展立下了汗馬功勞。促進農民工就業也是新型城鎮化的重要內容，進城務工農民都是通過打工來增加他們的收入，今年至少還要新增三、四百萬農村轉移勞動力，對此，我們要責無旁貸地為農民工創造穩定的就業機會。
In urban areas, we expect to see some 15 to 16 million new entrants to the job market this year. Our minimum target is to generate another 11 million new jobs and we will work towards the goal of 13 million in actual practice. We have been able to do that in the past several years and there’s no reason for us not to hit that mark this year. Moreover, we have some 280 million rural migrant workers. They have worked hard to pave roads and build skyscrapers in the cities, making great contribution to China’s development. Getting migrant workers employed is an important part of China’s urbanization process and a big source of their income. This year, we expect to see some three to four million rural migrant workers coming to the cities, the government must endeavor to fulfill its responsibility in providing job opportunities for these people.
今年的高校畢業生達820萬，是歷史新高，還有近500萬中專畢業生，加上近百萬復轉軍人和去產能轉崗職工，必須努力保障他們的就業，絕不允許有零就業家庭出現。這就需要我們進一步拓展就業崗位，特別是培育新動能。過去幾年，新動能在增加就業崗位當中可以說做出了重要貢獻。我們要通過多方面的努力，保障比較充分的就業，這實際上也能夠更多地創造財富。大家想想看，13億多人口，8億多勞動力，如果能夠實現比較充分的就業，創造的財富是不可估量的，也會給世界市場帶來驚喜。
This year, there will be 8.2 million college graduates, another record high number, and five million graduates from secondary vocational schools. In addition, there will be some one million demobilized military personnel and workers laid off in the cutting of overcapacity. We must make every effort to ensure their employment. In particular, there should be no zero employment families. We must also explore new channels for creating jobs, not least by fostering new growth drivers, which have a proven track record of job creation in the past few years. Fairly full employment will also be a major wealth generator. Just imagine, how much wealth will be created by China’s 800 million-strong labor force out of its 1.3 billion population. This will also offer a huge opportunity for international markets.
