首屆“南南人權論壇”《北京宣言》
Beijing Declaration
(Adopted by the First South-South Human Rights Forum)
2017年12月8日
December 8, 2017
2017年12月7日至8日，首屆“南南人權論壇”在北京舉行。中國國家主席習近平致賀信，中共中央政治局委員、中央宣傳部部長黃坤明出席論壇開幕式，宣讀習近平主席賀信并致辭，外交部部長王毅出席論壇開幕式并致辭。本屆論壇由中華人民共和國國務院新聞辦公室、中華人民共和國外交部共同舉辦，來自世界70多個國家和國際組織的300余位代表出席論壇并積極參與討論，共商發展中國家和世界人權發展大計。
From
December 7 to December 8 of 2017, the first “South-South Human Rights Forum”
was held in Beijing. Chinese President Xi Jinping sent a congratulatory letter.
Mr. Huang Kunming, Member of the Political Bureau and the Secretariat of the
CPC Central Committee, Minister of the Publicity Department of the CPC Central
Committee, attended the opening ceremony of the forum and read President Xi
Jinping’s congratulatory letter and delivered a speech. Foreign Minister Wang
Yi also attended the opening ceremony and delivered a speech. The forum is
jointly sponsored by the Information Office of the State Council of the
People’s Republic of China and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s
Republic of China, and is attended by more than 300 representatives from over
70 countries and international organizations in the world. The representatives
actively participated in discussions on the development of human rights in the
developing countries and the world.
與會人士認為，習近平主席致論壇的賀信，奉行人民至上的價值取向和以人民為中心的發展思想，堅持人權的普遍性和特殊性相統一，強調以合作促發展、以發展促人權，呼吁共同構建人類命運共同體，對廣大發展中國家乃至世界人權事業發展具有重要引領作用。
The
participants believed that the congratulatory letter addressed to the forum by
President Xi Jinping pursues the value of putting the people first and the
development thought centered on the people, insisting on the unity of
universality and particularity of human rights, emphasizing cooperation for
development, promoting human rights through development, and calling for joint
development of a community of shared future for human beings, which would play
an important leading role in the development of human rights in the developing
countries and the world at large.
與會人士強調，習近平主席提出的構建人類命運共同體重大理念，順應時代潮流，契合發展要求，體現了全新的人類社會價值追求，為解決包括人權治理在內的全球性問題指明了方向，是中國為推進人類社會發展進步而做出的重大思想貢獻。
The
participants stressed that President Xi Jinping’s proposal to build a community
of shared future for human beings is a major concept which conforms to the
trend of the times, fits the requirements of development, and reflects the
pursuit of a new human social value. It has pointed out the direction for
solving global problems, including human rights governance, and is a major
ideological contribution made by China to promote the development and progress
of human society.
與會人士指出，當今世界，發展中國家人口占80%以上，全球人權事業發展離不開廣大發展中國家共同努力。多年來，發展中國家人權狀況不斷得到改善，為推進世界人權事業發展作出了重大貢獻。但是，受多種因素的制約和影響，提高發展中國家人權保障水平依然面臨諸多問題，需要廣大發展中國家和國際社會持之以恒，不懈奮斗。
The
participants pointed out that in today’s world, the population of developing
countries accounts for more than 80 percent of world population, and the
development of the global human rights is inseparable from the joint efforts of
the vast numbers of developing countries. Over the years, the human rights situations
in the developing countries have been continuously improved, which has made a
major contribution to the promotion and development of human rights in the
world. However, due to the constraints and impacts of various factors, there
are still many problems in improving the human rights protection of developing
countries. Therefore, it is necessary for developing countries and the
international community to keep on making their unremitting efforts.
與會人士表示，中國從國情出發推進人權事業發展，以生存權和發展權為首要的基本人權，堅持全面的、發展的人權觀，不僅自身人權事業發展取得巨大成就，也為世界人權事業發展作出了重大貢獻，提供了中國經驗。
It
is noted that China develops human rights based on national conditions, with
the right to subsistence and the right to development as the primary basic
human rights. China adheres to a comprehensive and evolving view of human
rights, making not only great achievements in the development of its own human
rights cause but also significant contributions to the development of human
rights in the world, offering China’s experience.
與會人士圍繞“構建人類命運共同體：南南人權發展的新機遇”這一主題進行了深入思考和討論，并共同宣告如下：
Around
the topic “Building A Community of Shared Future for Human Beings: New
Opportunities for South-South Human Rights Development,” participants had
in-depth reflection and discussions and they jointly declared the following
articles:
第一條Article 1
為確保對人權的普遍認可和遵行，人權的實現必須考慮區域和國家情境，考慮政治、經濟、社會、文化、歷史和宗教背景。人權事業發展必須也只能按照各國國情和人民需要加以推進。各國應堅持人權的普遍性和特殊性相結合的原則，從國情出發選擇適合本國實際的人權發展道路或保障模式。各國和國際社會有責任為實現人權創造必要條件，包括維護和平、安全與穩定，促進經濟和社會發展，消除實現人權的各種障礙。
In
order to ensure universal acceptance and observance of human rights, the
realization of human rights must take into account regional and national
contexts, and political, economic, social, cultural, historical and religious
backgrounds. The cause of human rights must and can only be advanced in
accordance with the national conditions and the needs of the peoples. Each
State should adhere to the principle of combining the universality and
specificity of human rights and choose a human rights development path or
guarantee model that suits its specific conditions. States and the
international community have a responsibility to create the necessary
conditions for the realization of human rights, including the maintenance of
peace, security and stability, the promotion of economic and social development
and the removal of obstacles to the realization of human rights.
第二條Article
2
人權是所有文明的內在組成部分，應承認所有文明平等，都應受到尊重。應珍視并尊重不同文化背景的價值和社會道德，相互包容、相互交流、相互借鑒。各國政府和各國人民應本著共商共建共享的原則，同心協力構建人類命運共同體，建設持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁榮、開放包容、清潔美麗的世界，使人類遠離恐懼，遠離貧困，遠離疾病、遠離歧視。人類命運共同體匯聚著世界各國人民對和平、發展、繁榮向往的最大公約數。
Human
rights are an integral part of all civilizations, and all civilizations should
be recognized as equal and should be respected. Values and ethics of different
cultural backgrounds should be cherished and respected, and mutual tolerance,
exchange and reference should be honored. All governments and peoples should
work together to build a community of shared future for human beings based on
the principles of mutual benefit and sharing, build a world of lasting peace,
universal security, common prosperity, openness, tolerance and cleanness, so
that humanity is free from fear, from poverty, from disease, from
discrimination and from isolation. The community of shared future for human
beings represents the yearning of peoples of the world for peace, development
and prosperity.
第三條Article
3
生存權和發展權是首要的基本人權。發展權的主體是人民。為實現人類整體利益的最大化，應堅持個人發展權與集體發展權相統一，使各國人民擁有平等的發展機會，充分實現發展權。發展中國家應當特別重視保障人民的生存權和發展權，特別是獲得相當的生活水準、足夠的食物、衣著、安全飲用水、住房的權利，獲得安全、工作、受教育的權利，以及健康權利和社會保障權利等。國際社會應將消除貧困和饑餓等作為首要任務，著力解決發展不平衡不充分不可持續問題，為發展中國家人民發展權的實現創造更多有利條件。
The
right to subsistence and the right to development are the primary basic human
rights. The main body of the right to development is the people. In order to
maximize the overall interests of mankind, it is necessary to uphold the unity
of the right to development at individual level and the right to development at
collective level, so that all peoples have equal opportunities for development
and fully realize the right to development. Developing countries should pay
special attention to safeguarding the people’s right to subsistence and right
to development, especially to achieve a decent standard of living, adequate
food, clothing, and clean drinking water, the right to housing, the right to
security, work, education, and the right to health and social security. The
international community should take the eradication of poverty and hunger as
the primary task, and strive to solve the problem of insufficient and
unsustainable development and create more favorable conditions for the
realization of the people’s right to development especially in the developing
countries.
第四條Article
4
人人生而自由，在尊嚴和權利上一律平等。人的尊嚴不僅涉及人的自由，而且關系人的全面發展。人權是個人權利與集體權利的統一。各國人民的生存權、發展權、和平權、環境權等，既是重要的集體人權，又是實現個人人權的前提和基礎。所有人權不可分割、相互聯系。公民和政治權利的獲得離不開同時獲得經濟、社會和文化權利，兩者同等重要，相互依存。
All
human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. Human dignity is
not only related to human freedom, but also decisive to the all-round
development of human beings. Human rights are the unity of individual rights
and collective rights. The right to subsistence and the right to development,
the right to peace, and the right to the environment are both important
collective human rights and the prerequisite and basis for the realization of
individual human rights. All human rights are indivisible and interdependent.
The acquisition of civil and political rights is inseparable from the simultaneous
acquisition of economic, social and cultural rights, which are equally
important and interrelated.
第五條Article
5
人權不可剝奪，各國都應為推進人權法治保障而努力。對人權限制必須由法律規定，并只應為了保障其他社會成員的人權和基本自由（其中包括免于宗教褻瀆、種族主義和歧視），且滿足國家安全、公共秩序、公共健康、公共安全、公共道德和人民普遍福利的正當需要。每個人都對所有其他人和社會負有責任，享有人權和基本自由必須與履行相應責任相平衡。
Human
rights are inalienable, and all countries should make efforts to promote the
legal guarantee of human rights. Restrictions on the exercise of human rights
must be determined by law, and only for the protection of the human rights and
fundamental freedoms of other members of society (including freedom from
religious desecration, racism and discrimination) and meet the legitimate needs
of national security, public order, public health, public safety, public morals
and the general welfare of the people. Everyone is responsible to all others
and to society, and the enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms must
be balanced with the fulfillment of corresponding responsibilities.
第六條Article
6
各國應根據本國法律和所承擔的國際義務，注重保障特定群體的人權和基本自由，包括少數族裔、民族、種族，宗教和語言群體，婦女、兒童和老人，以及遷徙工人、殘障人士、原住民、難民和流離失所者。各國有義務尊重和保護宗教少數群體，宗教少數群體同樣有義務適應本土環境，包括接受和遵守所在地的憲法和法律，融入當地社會。人人有權選擇自己的信仰，包括選擇信仰宗教和不信仰宗教，選擇信仰某種宗教或信仰另一種宗教，不受歧視。
States
should, in accordance with their national laws and international obligations,
focus on guaranteeing the human rights and fundamental freedoms of specific
groups, including ethnic, national, racial, religious and linguistic groups and
migrant workers, people with disabilities, indigenous people, refugees and
displaced persons. States have an obligation to respect and protect religious
minorities, and religious minorities have the same obligation to adapt to their
local environment, and this includes the acceptance and observance of the Constitution and laws of their localities, as well
as their integration into the local society. Everyone has the right to choose
his or her own beliefs, including the choice of believing or not believing a
religion, and the choice of believing one religion or another, without being
discriminated.
第七條Article
7
南南合作是促進發展中國家發展和人權進步的重要途徑。南南國家之間應以同舟共濟、權責共擔、互幫互助、合作共贏的精神，堅持以團結促合作，以合作促發展，以發展促人權，努力實現更加充分的人權保障。國際社會應本著平衡、包容、普惠和可持續的原則，積極支持發展中國家加快發展，不斷提高發展中國家人權保障水平。
South-South
cooperation is an important way to promote development and human rights
progress in developing countries. The South-South countries should adhere to
the spirit of solidarity, sharing of responsibilities and obligations, mutual
help and win-win cooperation, and insist on promoting cooperation with unity,
advancing development through cooperation, and promoting human rights through
development, making efforts to achieve more adequate human rights protection.
The international community should, in line with the principles of balance,
inclusiveness and sustainability, actively support better development of developing
countries and constantly improve the protection of human rights in those
countries.
第八條Article
8
國際社會對人權事項的關切，應始終遵行國際法和公認的國際關系基本準則，其中至為關鍵的是尊重國家主權、領土完整和不干涉各國內政。各國應堅持主權平等的原則，所有國家不論大小，均有權決定其政治制度，控制和自由利用其資源，自主追求其經濟、社會和文化發展。人權問題上的政治化、選擇性和雙重標準，濫用軍事、經濟或其他手段干涉他國事務，是與人權的目的和精神背道而馳。國際社會保護人權的相關行動必須嚴格遵守《聯合國憲章》的相關規定，并應充分尊重當事國和區域組織的意見。
The
international community’s concern for human rights matters should always follow
the international law and the universally recognized basic norms governing
international relations, of which the key is to respect national sovereignty,
territorial integrity and non-interference in the internal affairs of states.
All countries should adhere to the principle of sovereign equality, and all
countries, big or small, have the right to determine their political systems,
control and freely use their own resources, and independently pursue their own
economic, social and cultural development. The politicization, selectivity and
double standards on the issue of human rights and the abuse of military,
economic or other means to interfere in other countries’ affairs run counter to
the purpose and spirit of human rights. The relevant actions of the
international community to protect human rights must be in strict compliance
with the relevant provisions of the Charter
of the United Nations and
should respect the views of the concerned states and regional organizations.
第九條Article
9
人權的實現永無止境，人權事業的發展永遠在路上。人權保障沒有最好，只有更好。人民的滿意是檢驗人權及其保障方式合理性的最終標準。各國政府有責任根據人民的要求持續提高人權保障水平。國際社會應在平等和相互尊重基礎上通過對話交流、互學互鑒和凝聚共識，促進人權合作。
The
realization of human rights is never-ending and the development of human rights
is always ongoing. In terms of human rights protection, there is no best way,
only the better one. The satisfaction of the people is the ultimate criterion
to test the rationality of human rights and the way to guarantee them. It is
the responsibility of governments to continuously raise the level of human
rights protection in accordance with the demands of their peoples. The
international community should promote human rights cooperation through
dialogue and exchange, mutual learning and mutual understanding and
consensus-building on the basis of equality and mutual respect.
