請讓事實仲裁 Let the Facts Arbitrate
駐以色列大使 詹永新
Zhan Yongxin, Chinese Ambassador to Israel
來源：中華人民共和國外交部 英文巴士 整理：福建省泉州啟航翻譯
最近一段時間，南海問題在國際輿論中不斷升溫。不少以色列朋友也問我，菲律賓為何發起國際仲裁？而中國又為何拒不接受國際仲裁？這是一個復雜的問題，我在此陳述一些基本事實。
Recently, the South China Sea
issue is gaining heat in the international media. Some Israeli friends also ask
me questions: why do the Philippines sue China on this issue? Why does China
reject the international arbitration? Well, that is a long story. I will try to
make it short and clear with the basic facts.
我們不妨從南海問題的核心——所謂的“領土爭端”說起。
Since the core of this issue is
the so-called territorial dispute, let’s start from here.
首先，中國是南海問題的實際受害者。中國人最早發現、命名并開發了南海諸島。歷代中國政府也通過行政設置、軍事巡航、生產經營、海難救助等方式，持續對南海諸島進行有效管轄。二戰時期，日本曾于1939年起一度侵占了部分南海島嶼。戰后，中國依據《開羅宣言》和《波茨坦公告》收回了被占島嶼，并通過正式命名、出版地圖、派兵駐守等形式，從法律和事實上對南海諸島行使主權。上世紀70年代以前，國際社會包括菲律賓等南海沿岸國家從未就中國對南海諸島的主權提出過質疑。當時有關國家還以外交照會、出版地圖、國際會議等方式公開承認中國對南海諸島的主權。但上世紀70年代時，出現南海蘊藏油氣資源的報道后，形勢開始出現重大變化。菲律賓等國紛紛蠶食、侵占中國南海島礁中的南沙群島。
First, China is actually the
victim with regards to the South China Sea issue. The Chinese people were the
first to discover, name and develop the South China Sea Islands. Successive Chinese
governments have exercised continuous jurisdiction over the islands by means of
administrative control, military patrol, production and business operations and
maritime disaster relief.
In 1939, Japan invaded and
illegally occupied the islands. After World War II, in accordance with the Cairo
Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation, China lawfully
recovered the islands and resumed exercise of sovereignty through such measures
as compiling their official names, publishing maps, setting up administrative
units and stationing troops.
Before the 1970s, it was widely
recognized by the international community that the South China Sea islands
belong to China. No country, the Philippines included, ever challenged that.
Many Diplomatic
Notes, published maps, international conferences of that time recognized
China’s sovereignty over the South China Sea Islands.
Things changed in the 1970s when
there were reports about oil under the South China Sea. The Philippines and
some other countries scrambled to occupy China’s Nansha islands and reefs in
the South China Sea.
其次，菲律賓法定領土范圍不包括南海諸島。菲律賓法定領土范圍系由1898年《巴黎條約》、1900年《華盛頓條約》和1930年《英美條約》共同確定。自那時起，菲律賓領土西部界限即為東經118度線。菲獨立后，其1935年《憲法》、1946年《美菲一般關系條約》和1961年《關于領海基線的第3046號法令》等也一再確認前述條約的法律效力。南海諸島在東經118度線以西，自然不在菲法定領土范圍內。
Second, the fact that the islands
are not the Philippines’ territory is well proven in their own laws. The scope
of the Philippines’ territory is defined by the 1898 Treaty of
Paris, the 1900 Treaty of Washington and the 1930 Convention between the US and UK. These treaties clearly define that 118
degrees east longitude is the western limit of Philippine territory. The 1935 Constitution
of the Republic of the Philippines, the 1946 Treaty of
General Relations between the United States of America and the Republic of the
Philippines, the 1952 U.S.-Philippines Mutual Defense Treaty,
the 1961 Republic Act No.3046, just to name a
few, reaffirmed the legal effects of the above-mentioned three treaties again
and again. The South China Sea islands and reefs are all located west of that
line.
第三，菲律賓強推仲裁違背了其既有承諾。本世紀初，菲律賓曾與中國就如何解決南海爭端達成過一致。雙方曾在2002年《南海各方行為宣言》和2011年《中菲聯合聲明》中作出過共同承諾：通過雙邊友好談判和磋商解決南海爭端。但事與愿違的是，菲律賓2013年單方面強推南海仲裁案已使其先前承諾變為徹底的謊言。
Third, the Philippines’ suing
China also clearly violates their own commitments on resolving South China Sea
disputes. In the early 2000’s, China agreed with the Philippines on how to
resolve relevant disputes. Both China and the Philippines are signing parties
of the 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the
South China Sea (DOC), the joint statement in 2011, etc., which all stress
to resolve disputes through bilateral negotiation. However, in 2013, the
Philippines unilaterally initiated arbitration.
也許有人不禁要問，既然中國如此理直氣壯，那為何不接受也不參與國際仲裁呢？我想原因正如猶太經典《塔木德》里所說——“要時刻與錯誤保持距離”。南海仲裁案本身就是個錯誤。它是錯誤的，因為中菲南海爭議的核心是領土和海洋劃界問題，并不屬于《聯合國海洋法公約》的調整范圍。它是錯誤的，因為中方已于2006年根據《公約》第298條作出聲明，將涉及領土爭端、海洋劃界等問題排除適用強制爭端解決程序。包括英國、法國在內的全球30多個國家也已作出類似排除性聲明。它是錯誤的，因為有關領土爭端的國際仲裁極易成為國際法實踐領域的不良示范，長遠看無益于任何一方。
With that in mind, people may
still wonder, if China is so justified, why China does not accept or
participate in the arbitration. The Torah teaches “Distance yourself from
that which is false.” The arbitration is totally a false issue.
It is false because that the
Philippines’ requests are, in essence, about territorial sovereignty and
maritime delimitation, which are not subject to UNCLOS.
It is false because that as early as in 2006 China made a clear declaration in
accordance with UNCLOS to exclude compulsory arbitration
on sovereign disputes and maritime delimitation. More than 30 other countries,
including the UK, France, Australia, have made similar declarations. It is
false because the very farce of the arbitration itself, if unchecked, will set
a false precedent in the practice of international law, which will serve no
one’s interest in the long run.
事實上，中國政府多年來始終堅持通過談判協商和平解決南海問題，也始終致力于制定規則、建立機制有效管控現實爭議。菲律賓是中國撇不開的鄰居，中國也愿意繼續向菲律賓敞開對話協商的大門。但無論如何，南海仲裁案的結果都是無效的，對中國也不具任何約束力。我們不禁想問菲方：與其引入域外勢力加劇對立沖突，為何不讓事實作出仲裁呢？
Having said the above, I’d still
like to make it clear that China is committed to resolving the disputes in a
peaceful manner through negotiations and consultations, and to managing the
disputes by establishing rules and mechanisms. The Philippines are our
unmovable neighbors. The door for negotiation and consultation is always open.
But the UNCLOS arbitration, no matter what the
outcome could be, will be invalid and will have no binding force upon China.
Instead of ushering in external forces, why not let the facts arbitrate?
相關閱讀：
(1)中國駐英國大使劉曉明：停止插手南海事務Stop Meddling in the South China Sea
(2)中國駐英國大使劉曉明：誰在制造南海緊張局勢？Who Is Really Behind the Tensions in the South China Sea?
(4)中國駐肯尼亞大使劉顯法：南海問題：公道自在人心The South China Sea Issue: Justice Naturally Inhabits Man’s Heart
(5)中國駐馬爾代夫大使王福康：所謂“南海仲裁案”的真相The Truth of the So-called South China Sea Arbitration 
(6)中國駐駐以色列大使詹永新：請讓事實仲裁 Let the Facts Arbitrate
(7)中國駐美國大使崔天凱：如何彌合南海問題上的分歧How to Bridge the Divide Over the South China Sea
