菲律賓南海仲裁案違反國際法理
The
South China Sea Arbitration Case Initiated by the Philippines Violates International
Law
中國駐阿聯酋大使 常華
Chang Hua, Ambassador
of the People’s Republic of China to the UAE
2016年5月13日 May 13, 2016
來源：新華網 鳳凰資訊 英文巴士 整理編輯：福建泉州啟航翻譯公司
2013年1月，菲律賓單方面強行就中菲南海爭議提起仲裁。菲律賓單方面提起仲裁，無視中菲之間已經形成通過談判協商解決爭端的共識和菲在《南海各方行為宣言》中的鄭重承諾，無視中國作為主權國家和《聯合國海洋法公約》締約國享有的自主選擇爭端解決機制和程序的權利，濫用《公約》強制爭端解決機制，企圖以所謂的《公約》解釋和適用問題來掩蓋中菲爭議的實質是領土和海域劃界爭議，企圖以《公約》來否定《聯合國憲章》尊重他國領土主權完整的義務，混淆視聽，為自己非法侵占中國南沙群島部分島礁的行為張目，構成對地區和平穩定的嚴重威脅。
In
January 2013, the Philippines unilaterally initiated compulsory arbitration
proceedings with respect to the disputes with China in the South China Sea. The
Philippines unilaterally initiated the arbitration, disregarding the consensus
between China and the Philippines on settling relevant disputes through
negotiations and consultations, the solemn commitment of the Philippines in the
Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC), and the
legitimate rights that China enjoys as a sovereign state and a contracting
party to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (the “Convention”)
to independently choose dispute settlement mechanisms and procedures. It abused
the compulsory procedures for dispute settlement under the Convention in order
to cover up the territorial and maritime delimitation nature of the disputes
between China and the Philippines with the so-called “interpretation and
application of the Convention”, to use the Convention as a pretext to negate
the obligation under the UN Charter to respect sovereignty and territorial
integrity of countries, and to mislead the public and defend its illegal
occupation of some maritime features of China’s Nansha Islands. The act of the
Philippines constitutes a grave threat to peace and stability in the region.
南海諸島自古就是中國領土。歷代中國政府通過行政設制、軍事巡航、生產經營、海難救助等方式持續對南海諸島及相關海域進行管轄。日本在發動全面侵華戰爭后，侵占了中國西沙、南沙群島。《開羅宣言》和《波茨坦公告》明確規定，日本應歸還竊取的中國領土。抗戰勝利后，中國收復西沙、南沙群島，在島上派兵駐守并建立各類軍事、民事設施，從法律和事實上恢復對南海諸島行使主權。
The
islands in the South China Sea have been Chinese territory since ancient times.
The successive Chinese governments have exercised jurisdiction over them
through administrative management, military navigation, production and
operation. Japan seized Xisha and Nansha Islands after it launched the war of
aggression against China. Both the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam
Proclamation state in explicit terms that all the territories stolen from China
by Japan shall be returned to China. Since the victory of the Chinese People’s
War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China has recovered Xisha and
Nansha Islands, and stationed troops and set up various military and civil
facilities on the islands. Thus, in terms of both law and facts, China has
resumed its sovereignty over these islands in the South China Sea.
中國政府堅持不接受、不參與菲律賓南海仲裁案的立場，是基于該案違背基本的國際法理，是為了維護和踐行國際法治。首先，菲律賓單方面提起仲裁違背雙方談判協商解決爭端的共識，違反“約定必須遵守”這一國際法基本原則。第二，菲律賓單方面提起仲裁違反《公約》規定，侵犯中國自主選擇爭端解決方式的權利。第三，菲律賓單方面提起仲裁違反仲裁的一般法理。根據國際法理，仲裁應在自愿的原則上，由當事國共同提起。第四，菲律賓單方面提起仲裁是其領土擴張行為的延續和發展，侵犯中國領土主權。
The
firm position of the Chinese government to not accept or participate in the
arbitration is based on the fact that the arbitration violates basic
international law and aims to defend and practice relevant international rule
of law.
First,
the Philippines’ unilateral initiation of the arbitration runs counter to the
consensus between the two sides on settling disputes through negotiation and
consultation and violates the basic norm of pacta sunt servanda in
international law.
Second,
the Philippines’ unilateral initiation of the arbitration runs counter to the
stipulations of UNCLOS and infringes on China’s right to independently choose
methods of dispute settlement.
Third,
the Philippines’ unilateral initiation of the arbitration runs counter to the
basic legal principles for arbitration. According to the principles of
international law, arbitrations should be jointly initiated by parties involved
out of their own will.
Fourth,
the Philippines’ unilateral initiation of the arbitration is the continuation
and development of its territorial expansion and infringes on China’s
territorial sovereignty.
菲律賓南海仲裁案代表了當前國際關系中一種危險的傾向。個別國家企圖把《公約》作為唯一標準，否定包括《聯合國憲章》在內國際法所確認的領土主權神圣不可侵犯原則，掩蓋自己非法侵占中國南沙群島有關島礁的事實。領土主權不可侵犯是國際交往的基本準則和國際法的根本原則，是國際關系穩定的基石。
The
Philippines’ South China Sea arbitration case represents a dangerous tendency
in current international relations. Some countries try to use UNCLOS as the
only standard and deny the principle that territorial sovereignty is sacred and
inviolable established under international law, including the UN Charter. They
attempt to cover up the fact that they are illegally occupying China’s islands
and reefs in the Nansha Islands. Inviolability of territorial sovereignty is
the basic norm in international exchanges and a basic principle in
international law. It is the bedrock for stable international relations.
菲律賓南海仲裁案是一場披著法律外衣的政治鬧劇，既不可能改變“舊格局”，也不可能制造“新現實”。中方的不接受、不承認，不僅是法律上的，也是行動上的。無論仲裁案最終結果如何，中方都不會接受和承認裁決，更不會執行裁決，也決不同意任何國家以此裁決為基礎與中方商談南海問題。菲律賓妄想通過仲裁案否定中國在南海的領土主權和海洋權益，抹黑中國的國際形象，不會有任何結果。
The
Philippines’ South China Sea arbitration is a political farce under a legal
cloak. It can neither change the “old order” nor create a “new reality”. China
does not accept nor recognize the arbitration, both in a legal sense and in
action. Whatever the ultimate result of the arbitration case, China will not
accept or recognize its ruling, let alone implement it. China will never allow
any country to negotiate with China about the South China Sea issue based on
that ruling. The Philippines dreams about denying China its territorial
sovereignty and maritime rights and interests and tarnishing China’s image in
the world through this arbitration case. Such attempt is doomed to fail.
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