【政策報(bào)告】2016年政府工作報(bào)告(中英文對(duì)照3)
發(fā)布人員：網(wǎng)站管理員 新聞來(lái)源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 發(fā)布日期：2016-03-20 16:21:41
【政策報(bào)告】 2016年政府工作報(bào)告（中英對(duì)照3）
來(lái)源：中國(guó)政府網(wǎng) 新華網(wǎng) 人民網(wǎng) 鳳凰網(wǎng) 英語(yǔ)巴士 編輯整理：福建啟航翻譯
三、2016年重點(diǎn)工作
I now want to discuss the major areas of work for 2016.
今年是全面建成小康社會(huì)決勝階段的開(kāi)局之年，也是推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革的攻堅(jiān)之年。做好政府工作，必須高舉中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義偉大旗幟，全面貫徹黨的十八大和十八屆三中、四中、五中全會(huì)精神，以鄧小平理論、“三個(gè)代表”重要思想、科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為指導(dǎo)，深入貫徹習(xí)近平總書(shū)記系列重要講話精神，按照“五位一體”總體布局和“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局，堅(jiān)持改革開(kāi)放，堅(jiān)持以新發(fā)展理念引領(lǐng)發(fā)展，堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)工作總基調(diào)，適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新常態(tài)，實(shí)行宏觀政策要穩(wěn)、產(chǎn)業(yè)政策要準(zhǔn)、微觀政策要活、改革政策要實(shí)、社會(huì)政策要托底的總體思路，把握好穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)與調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡，保持經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行在合理區(qū)間，著力加強(qiáng)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，加快培育新的發(fā)展動(dòng)能，改造提升傳統(tǒng)比較優(yōu)勢(shì)，抓好去產(chǎn)能、去庫(kù)存、去杠桿、降成本、補(bǔ)短板，加強(qiáng)民生保障，切實(shí)防控風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)“十三五”時(shí)期經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展良好開(kāi)局。
This is the first year of the decisive stage in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and a crucial year in carrying out structural reform. To ensure that the government’s goal for this year is accomplished, we must do the following:
– hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics;
– implement the guiding principles of the 18th National Congress of the CPC and the third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee;
– follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development;
– put into practice the guiding principles from General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major policy addresses;
– work in accordance with the overall plan for promoting all-round economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy; *
Note:* To make comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance the law-based governance of China, and strengthen Party self-conduct.
– continue reform and opening up;
– follow the new vision of development;
– follow the general principle of making progress while working to keep performance stable;
– adapt to the new normal in economic development;
– follow the general guidelines that macro policies should be stable, industrial policies targeted, micro policies flexible, reform policies practical, and that social policies should ensure basic needs;
– maintain a balance between ensuring steady growth and making structural adjustments;
– ensure that the economy operates within an appropriate range;
– strengthen supply-side structural reform;
– accelerate the fostering of new driving forces for development;
– strengthen traditional comparative advantages;
– cut overcapacity and excess inventory, deleverage, reduce costs, and strengthen points of weakness;
– strengthen basic safeguards for public wellbeing;
– prevent and control risks.
By working to achieve all of these, we should get off to a good start in economic and social development during the period covered by the 13th Five-Year Plan.
今年發(fā)展的主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)是：國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)6.5%－7%，居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格漲幅3%左右，城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1000萬(wàn)人以上，城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率4.5%以內(nèi)，進(jìn)出口回穩(wěn)向好，國(guó)際收支基本平衡，居民收入增長(zhǎng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)基本同步。單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降3.4%以上，主要污染物排放繼續(xù)減少。
The main development targets for 2016 are as follows:
– GDP growth of 6.5% to 7%;
– CPI increase kept at around 3%;
– creation of at least ten million new urban jobs;
– registered urban unemployment rate kept within 4.5%;
– a steady rise in import and export volumes;
– a basic balance in international payments;
– increases in personal income basically in step with economic growth;
– a reduction in energy consumption per unit of GDP of at least 3.4%;
– further reductions in the release of major pollutants.
經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)預(yù)期目標(biāo)6.5%－7%，考慮了與全面建成小康社會(huì)目標(biāo)相銜接，考慮了推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革的需要，也有利于穩(wěn)定和引導(dǎo)市場(chǎng)預(yù)期。穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)主要是為了保就業(yè)、惠民生，有6.5%－7%的增速就能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)比較充分的就業(yè)。
In setting a projected growth rate of between 6.5% and 7%, we have taken into consideration the need to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and the need to advance structural reform. It will also help guide market expectations and keep them stable. The aim of maintaining stable growth is primarily to ensure employment and promote the people’s wellbeing, and a growth rate of between 6.5% and 7% will allow for relatively full employment.
綜合分析各方面情況，今年我國(guó)發(fā)展面臨的困難更多更大、挑戰(zhàn)更為嚴(yán)峻，我們要做打硬仗的充分準(zhǔn)備。從國(guó)際看，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)深度調(diào)整、復(fù)蘇乏力，國(guó)際貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)低迷，金融和大宗商品市場(chǎng)波動(dòng)不定，地緣政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn)上升，外部環(huán)境的不穩(wěn)定不確定因素增加，對(duì)我國(guó)發(fā)展的影響不可低估。從國(guó)內(nèi)看，長(zhǎng)期積累的矛盾和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)一步顯現(xiàn)，經(jīng)濟(jì)增速換擋、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整陣痛、新舊動(dòng)能轉(zhuǎn)換相互交織，經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力加大。但困難和挑戰(zhàn)并不可怕。中國(guó)的發(fā)展從來(lái)都是在應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)中前進(jìn)的，沒(méi)有過(guò)不去的坎。經(jīng)過(guò)多年的快速發(fā)展，我國(guó)物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)雄厚，經(jīng)濟(jì)韌性強(qiáng)、潛力足、回旋余地大，改革開(kāi)放不斷注入新動(dòng)力，創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控積累了豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)。特別是我們有中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度，中國(guó)人民勤勞智慧。只要我們?nèi)f眾一心，共克時(shí)艱，就一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)全年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展目標(biāo)。
A comprehensive analysis of all factors shows that China will face more and tougher problems and challenges in its development this year, so we must be fully prepared to fight a difficult battle.
Internationally, the global economy is experiencing profound changes and struggling to recover; growth in trade is weak; there are fluctuations in the financial and commodity markets; geopolitical risks are rising; and there are increasing instabilities and uncertainties in China’s external environment. We should not underestimate the impact all of this will have on China’s development.
Domestically, problems and risks that have been building up over the years are becoming more evident; the change of pace in economic growth, the difficulties associated with structural adjustments, and the transformation of the drivers of growth present interwoven problems; and downward pressure on the economy is growing.
But we will not be daunted by these problems and challenges. China has from the start been developing while responding to challenges; there is no difficulty we cannot get beyond. Thanks to years of rapid development, China has laid a solid material foundation, and its economy is hugely resilient and has enormous potential and ample room for growth. At the same time, reform and opening up has been injecting new impetus into economic growth, and a wealth of experience has been gained in developing new ways of conducting macro regulation. In addition, we have the guidance of the CPC and the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and our people are talented and hardworking. As long as we work together as one to surmount all difficulties, we will definitely achieve the targets for economic and social development in 2016.
今年要重點(diǎn)做好八個(gè)方面工作。
This year, we will carry out the following eight tasks:
（一）穩(wěn)定和完善宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，保持經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行在合理區(qū)間。我們宏觀調(diào)控還有創(chuàng)新手段和政策儲(chǔ)備，既要立足當(dāng)前、有針對(duì)性地出招，頂住經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力，又要著眼長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)、留有后手、謀勢(shì)蓄勢(shì)。繼續(xù)實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控方式，加強(qiáng)區(qū)間調(diào)控、定向調(diào)控、相機(jī)調(diào)控，統(tǒng)籌運(yùn)用財(cái)政、貨幣政策和產(chǎn)業(yè)、投資、價(jià)格等政策工具，采取結(jié)構(gòu)性改革尤其是供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革舉措，為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?fàn)I造良好環(huán)境。
1. Improve and keep stable our macroeconomic policies to ensure that the economy performs within an appropriate range
At present, we still have new instruments for macro regulation and a good reserve of policies at our disposal. On the one hand, we will focus on current realities and take targeted steps to withstand the downward pressure on the economy. On the other hand, we must have our long-term development goals in mind, keep some policy tools as options for later use, strategize our moves, and gather strength. We will continue to implement proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, develop new approaches to macro regulation, strengthen range-based, targeted, and well-timed regulation, use fiscal and monetary policies and industry, investment, and pricing policy tools in a coordinated way, and implement structural reform, particularly supply-side structural reform, so as to create an enabling environment for economic development.
積極的財(cái)政政策要加大力度。今年擬安排財(cái)政赤字2.18萬(wàn)億元，比去年增加5600億元，赤字率提高到3%。其中，中央財(cái)政赤字1.4萬(wàn)億元，地方財(cái)政赤字7800億元。安排地方專項(xiàng)債券4000億元，繼續(xù)發(fā)行地方政府置換債券。我國(guó)財(cái)政赤字率和政府負(fù)債率在世界主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體中相對(duì)較低，這樣的安排是必要的、可行的，也是安全的。
– We will pursue a more proactive fiscal policy.
The government deficit for 2016 is projected to be 2.18 trillion yuan, an increase of 560 billion yuan over last year, meaning the deficit-to-GDP ratio will rise to 3%. Of the deficit, 1.4 trillion yuan will be carried by the central government, and the remaining 780 billion yuan will be carried by local governments. Special bonds for local governments will total 400 billion yuan, and local government debt-converting bonds will continue to be issued. China’s deficit-to-GDP ratio and government debt ratio are lower than those of other major economies; such steps are necessary, feasible, and also safe.
適度擴(kuò)大財(cái)政赤字，主要用于減稅降費(fèi)，進(jìn)一步減輕企業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)。今年將采取三項(xiàng)舉措。一是全面實(shí)施營(yíng)改增，從5月1日起，將試點(diǎn)范圍擴(kuò)大到建筑業(yè)、房地產(chǎn)業(yè)、金融業(yè)、生活服務(wù)業(yè)，并將所有企業(yè)新增不動(dòng)產(chǎn)所含增值稅納入抵扣范圍，確保所有行業(yè)稅負(fù)只減不增。二是取消違規(guī)設(shè)立的政府性基金，停征和歸并一批政府性基金，擴(kuò)大水利建設(shè)基金等免征范圍。三是將18項(xiàng)行政事業(yè)性收費(fèi)的免征范圍，從小微企業(yè)擴(kuò)大到所有企業(yè)和個(gè)人。實(shí)施上述政策，今年將比改革前減輕企業(yè)和個(gè)人負(fù)擔(dān)5000多億元。同時(shí)，適當(dāng)增加必要的財(cái)政支出和政府投資，加大對(duì)民生等薄弱環(huán)節(jié)的支持。創(chuàng)新財(cái)政支出方式，優(yōu)化財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)，該保的一定要保住，該減的一定要減下來(lái)。
The moderate increase in government deficit is projected primarily to cover tax and fee reductions for enterprises, a step that will further reduce their burdens.
The following three measures will be adopted this year.
First, business tax will be replaced with VAT in all sectors. Starting from May 1st, the scope of work to pilot this measure will be extended to the construction, real estate, financial, and consumer service industries, and VAT deductions will cover all new immovable property of enterprises to ensure that the tax burdens on all industries are reduced.
Second, government-managed funds set up without authorization will be abolished; the collection of contributions to certain government-managed funds will be suspended, and some of these funds will be consolidated; and more enterprises will be exempted from contributing to water conservancy construction funds and other government-managed funds.
Third, exemptions from 18 administrative charges which currently apply only to small and micro businesses will be expanded to include all enterprises and individuals.
Through the above policies, the burdens on enterprises and individuals will be cut by more than 500 billion yuan this year. At the same time, we will increase government expenditures and investment as appropriate to work on living standards and other areas in need of strengthening. We will develop new ways for government funds to be spent and improve the government spending mix to ensure that all essential items receive sufficient funding, while non-essential items are cut.
加快財(cái)稅體制改革。推進(jìn)中央與地方事權(quán)和支出責(zé)任劃分改革，合理確定增值稅中央和地方分享比例。把適合作為地方收入的稅種下劃給地方，在稅政管理權(quán)限方面給地方適當(dāng)放權(quán)。進(jìn)一步壓縮中央專項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)移支付規(guī)模，今年一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付規(guī)模增長(zhǎng)12.2%。全面推開(kāi)資源稅從價(jià)計(jì)征改革。依法實(shí)施稅收征管。建立規(guī)范的地方政府舉債融資機(jī)制，對(duì)財(cái)政實(shí)力強(qiáng)、債務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較低的，按法定程序適當(dāng)增加債務(wù)限額。各級(jí)政府要堅(jiān)持過(guò)緊日子，把每一筆錢(qián)都花在明處、用在實(shí)處。
Fiscal and tax reforms will be stepped up. We will move forward with the reform of the way powers and expenditure responsibilities are shared between the central and local governments, ensuring that the proportion of VAT revenue received by the central and local governments is determined appropriately. Taxes suitable as sources of local government revenue will be handed over to local governments along with the corresponding administrative powers. Central government special transfer payments to local governments will be further reduced, while this year’s general transfer payments will be increased by 12.2%. We will extend ad valorem rates to all resource taxes. We will promote the law-based administration of tax collection. We will establish a well-regulated mechanism for local governments to secure financing through bond issuance and make moderate upward adjustments to debt ceilings for local governments with strong financial resources and low debt risks through statutory procedures. Governments at all levels must tighten their belts and spend every sum of money where it can be seen and where it’s most needed.
穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策要靈活適度。今年廣義貨幣M2預(yù)期增長(zhǎng)13%左右，社會(huì)融資規(guī)模余額增長(zhǎng)13%左右。要統(tǒng)籌運(yùn)用公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)操作、利率、準(zhǔn)備金率、再貸款等各類貨幣政策工具，保持流動(dòng)性合理充裕，疏通傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制，降低融資成本，加強(qiáng)對(duì)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)特別是小微企業(yè)、“三農(nóng)”等支持。
– We will pursue prudent monetary policy that is flexible and appropriate.
Both the M2 money supply and aggregate financing in the economy are forecasted to grow by around 13% in 2016. We will use a full range of monetary policy tools including open market operations, interest rates, required reserve ratios, and re-lending to maintain sufficient liquidity at a proper level, improve the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, and reduce financing costs. We will provide more support for the real economy, particularly for small and micro businesses as well as agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.
深化金融體制改革。加快改革完善現(xiàn)代金融監(jiān)管體制，提高金融服務(wù)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)效率，實(shí)現(xiàn)金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管全覆蓋。深化利率市場(chǎng)化改革。繼續(xù)完善人民幣匯率市場(chǎng)化形成機(jī)制，保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上基本穩(wěn)定。深化國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行和開(kāi)發(fā)性、政策性金融機(jī)構(gòu)改革，發(fā)展民營(yíng)銀行，啟動(dòng)投貸聯(lián)動(dòng)試點(diǎn)。推進(jìn)股票、債券市場(chǎng)改革和法治化建設(shè)，促進(jìn)多層次資本市場(chǎng)健康發(fā)展，提高直接融資比重。適時(shí)啟動(dòng)“深港通”。建立巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)制度。規(guī)范發(fā)展互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融。大力發(fā)展普惠金融和綠色金融。加強(qiáng)全口徑外債宏觀審慎管理。扎緊制度籠子，整頓規(guī)范金融秩序，嚴(yán)厲打擊金融詐騙、非法集資和證券期貨領(lǐng)域的違法犯罪活動(dòng)，堅(jiān)決守住不發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性區(qū)域性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的底線。
We will deepen reform of the financial sector. We will move faster in the reform to improve the modern financial regulatory system and ensure that the financial sector serves the real economy more efficiently and that regulation covers all financial risks. Interest rates will be further liberalized. Improvements will be made to the market-based mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate to ensure it remains generally stable at an appropriate and balanced level. We will deepen reform of state-owned commercial banks as well as development and policy-backed financial institutions, develop private banks, and launch trials to allow commercial banks to participate in combined debt-equity investments into startups and small businesses. We will move forward with the reform of stock and bond markets and increase the level of rule of law in their development, promote the sound development of the multilevel capital market, and ensure that the proportion of direct financing is increased. The Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect will be launched at an appropriate time. A catastrophe insurance system will be established. We will work to see that Internet finance develops in line with regulations, and we will make a major push to develop inclusive and green finance. We will strengthen unified, macroprudential management of foreign debt. We will tighten institutional constraints, safeguard order in the financial sector, crack down on financial fraud, illegal fundraising, and unlawful and criminal activities in the securities and futures markets, and make sure that no systemic or regional financial risks arise.
（二）加強(qiáng)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，增強(qiáng)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)動(dòng)力。圍繞解決重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域的突出矛盾和問(wèn)題，加快破除體制機(jī)制障礙，以供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革提高供給體系的質(zhì)量和效率，進(jìn)一步激發(fā)市場(chǎng)活力和社會(huì)創(chuàng)造力。
2. Strengthen supply-side structural reform to drive sustained growth
To solve acute problems in key areas, we must work faster to remove institutional obstacles and carry out supply-side structural reform to improve the quality and efficiency of the supply system, and further stimulate market vitality and the creativity of society.
推動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)改革向縱深發(fā)展。以敬民之心，行簡(jiǎn)政之道，切實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能、提高效能。繼續(xù)大力削減行政審批事項(xiàng)，注重解決放權(quán)不同步、不協(xié)調(diào)、不到位問(wèn)題，對(duì)下放的審批事項(xiàng)，要讓地方能接得住、管得好。深化商事制度改革，開(kāi)展證照分離試點(diǎn)。全面公布地方政府權(quán)力和責(zé)任清單，在部分地區(qū)試行市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單制度。對(duì)行政事業(yè)性收費(fèi)、政府定價(jià)或指導(dǎo)價(jià)經(jīng)營(yíng)服務(wù)性收費(fèi)、政府性基金、國(guó)家職業(yè)資格，實(shí)行目錄清單管理。加快建設(shè)統(tǒng)一開(kāi)放、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)有序的市場(chǎng)體系，打破地方保護(hù)。深化價(jià)格改革，加強(qiáng)價(jià)格監(jiān)管。修改和廢止有礙發(fā)展的行政法規(guī)和規(guī)范性文件。創(chuàng)新事中事后監(jiān)管方式，全面推行“雙隨機(jī)、一公開(kāi)”監(jiān)管，隨機(jī)抽取檢查對(duì)象，隨機(jī)選派執(zhí)法檢查人員，及時(shí)公布查處結(jié)果。推進(jìn)綜合行政執(zhí)法改革，實(shí)施企業(yè)信用信息統(tǒng)一歸集、依法公示、聯(lián)合懲戒、社會(huì)監(jiān)督。大力推行“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+政務(wù)服務(wù)”，實(shí)現(xiàn)部門(mén)間數(shù)據(jù)共享，讓居民和企業(yè)少跑腿、好辦事、不添堵。簡(jiǎn)除煩苛，禁察非法，使人民群眾有更平等的機(jī)會(huì)和更大的創(chuàng)造空間。
– We will deepen reforms to streamline administration, delegate more powers, improve regulation, and provide better services.
With the people in mind, we will streamline administration, transform the functions of the government, and improve its performance. As we continue to cancel the requirement of government review for more matters, we will focus on addressing unsynchronized, uncoordinated, and incomplete delegation of powers and make sure that local governments to which powers of review have been delegated are able to properly exercise those powers.
We will deepen reform of the business system and launch trials to separate operating permits and business licenses. We will release the lists of all powers and responsibilities of local governments, and begin piloting a negative list for market access in some regions. We will draw up lists and catalogues to manage administrative charges, business fees and charges set by the government or set under its guidance, government-managed funds, and professional qualifications recognized by the state. We will move faster to establish a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, and put an end to local protectionism. We will deepen pricing reform and tighten up supervision of prices.
We will revise or abolish any administrative regulations and normative documents that are holding back development. We will develop new ways of conducting oversight over the whole process of business operations, and introduce across the board an oversight model drawing on random inspections by randomly selected law enforcement officers or inspectors and requiring the prompt release of results. We will implement the reform for coordinated administrative law enforcement and adopt a unified approach to gathering information on enterprise credit, release such information in accordance with the law, ensure joint punitive action is taken where necessary, and encourage public oversight.
We will carry out the “Internet Plus government services” model and promote better information sharing between government departments, so that the public and businesses need to make fewer visits to government departments to get things done, find procedures simpler, and find the service satisfactory. We will cut red tape and root out illegalities to ensure that the people have more equal opportunities and greater space for creativity.
充分釋放全社會(huì)創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新潛能。著力實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，促進(jìn)科技與經(jīng)濟(jì)深度融合，提高實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體素質(zhì)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。一是強(qiáng)化企業(yè)創(chuàng)新主體地位。落實(shí)企業(yè)研發(fā)費(fèi)用加計(jì)扣除和加速折舊政策，完善高新技術(shù)企業(yè)、科技企業(yè)孵化器等稅收優(yōu)惠政策。支持行業(yè)領(lǐng)軍企業(yè)建設(shè)高水平研發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)。加快將國(guó)家自主創(chuàng)新示范區(qū)試點(diǎn)政策推廣到全國(guó)，再建設(shè)一批國(guó)家自主創(chuàng)新示范區(qū)、高新區(qū)。二是發(fā)揮大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新和“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”集眾智匯眾力的乘數(shù)效應(yīng)。打造眾創(chuàng)、眾包、眾扶、眾籌平臺(tái)，構(gòu)建大中小企業(yè)、高校、科研機(jī)構(gòu)、創(chuàng)客多方協(xié)同的新型創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新機(jī)制。建設(shè)一批“雙創(chuàng)”示范基地，培育創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新服務(wù)業(yè)，規(guī)范發(fā)展天使、創(chuàng)業(yè)、產(chǎn)業(yè)等投資。支持分享經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，提高資源利用效率，讓更多人參與進(jìn)來(lái)、富裕起來(lái)。實(shí)施更積極、更開(kāi)放、更有效的人才引進(jìn)政策。加強(qiáng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)和運(yùn)用，依法嚴(yán)厲打擊侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)和制假售假行為。三是深化科技管理體制改革。擴(kuò)大高校和科研院所自主權(quán)，砍掉科研管理中的繁文縟節(jié)。實(shí)施支持科技成果轉(zhuǎn)移轉(zhuǎn)化的政策措施，完善股權(quán)期權(quán)稅收優(yōu)惠政策和分紅獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)辦法，鼓勵(lì)科研人員創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新。大力弘揚(yáng)創(chuàng)新文化，厚植創(chuàng)新沃土，營(yíng)造敢為人先、寬容失敗的良好氛圍，充分激發(fā)企業(yè)家精神，調(diào)動(dòng)全社會(huì)創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新積極性，匯聚成推動(dòng)發(fā)展的磅礴力量。
– We will ensure that the whole country’s potential for starting businesses and making innovations is released.
We will implement the strategy of innovation-driven development, see that science and technology become more deeply embedded in the economy, and improve the overall quality and competitiveness of the real economy.
First, we will ensure that enterprises lead in making innovations. We will implement additional tax deductions for their research and development, accelerate the depreciation of their fixed assets, and increase tax policy support for high-tech enterprises and science and technology business incubators. We will support leading enterprises in building top-level research and development institutions. We will move faster to achieve nationwide implementation of the policy of national innovation demonstration zones, and establish another set of national innovation demonstration zones and high-tech development zones.
Second, we will help people to pool their ideas and talents through a synergy of business startups, innovation, and the Internet Plus. Platforms will be created for crowd innovation, crowd support, crowdsourcing, and crowdfunding, and mechanisms will be built to encourage new types of business startups and innovation-making through cooperation between enterprises, institutions of higher learning, research institutes, and makers. We will establish demonstration centers for business startups and innovation, foster a business startup and innovation service industry, and ensure angel investment, venture capital, industrial investment, and other investment develop in accordance with regulations. We will give our support to the development of a sharing economy and see that resources are used more efficiently and that more people take part and benefit. We will adopt more active, open, and effective policies to attract talent from overseas. We will strengthen the protection and use of intellectual property rights and look to the law to crack down on the infringement of these rights and on the production and sale of counterfeit products.
Third, we will deepen the reform of the management system for science and technology. Greater autonomy will be given to universities and research institutes, and red tape will be cut in the management of research projects. Policies and measures will be implemented to support the transfer and commercialization of scientific and technological achievements, and tax incentives for stocks and options, and profit sharing and bonus plans will be improved to encourage researchers to start businesses and make innovations. We will foster a culture of innovation and create an enabling environment for innovation in which people venture to break new ground and failure is tolerated. I am sure that these initiatives will inspire entrepreneurialism and motivate our society to start businesses and make innovations, and thus create a powerful force to drive development.
著力化解過(guò)剩產(chǎn)能和降本增效。重點(diǎn)抓好鋼鐵、煤炭等困難行業(yè)去產(chǎn)能，堅(jiān)持市場(chǎng)倒逼、企業(yè)主體、地方組織、中央支持，運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律、技術(shù)、環(huán)保、質(zhì)量、安全等手段，嚴(yán)格控制新增產(chǎn)能，堅(jiān)決淘汰落后產(chǎn)能，有序退出過(guò)剩產(chǎn)能。采取兼并重組、債務(wù)重組或破產(chǎn)清算等措施，積極穩(wěn)妥處置“僵尸企業(yè)”。完善財(cái)政、金融等支持政策，中央財(cái)政安排1000億元專項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)資金，重點(diǎn)用于職工分流安置。采取綜合措施，降低企業(yè)交易、物流、財(cái)務(wù)、用能等成本，堅(jiān)決遏制涉企亂收費(fèi)，對(duì)違規(guī)行為要嚴(yán)肅查處。
– We will ensure that overcapacity is cut, costs are lowered, and business performance is improved.
We will focus on addressing the overcapacity in the steel, coal, and other industries facing difficulties. In this process, the market should serve as a check, enterprises should be the major actors, local governments should play a coordinating role, and the central government should provide support. We will use economic, legal, technological, environmental, quality inspection, and safety-related means to strictly control the expansion of production capacity, shut down outdated production facilities, and eliminate overcapacity in a planned way. We will address the issue of “zombie enterprises” proactively yet prudently by using measures such as mergers, reorganizations, debt restructurings, and bankruptcy liquidations. Fiscal, financial, and other policies will be improved to support this work. One hundred billion yuan in rewards and subsidies will be provided by the central government, which will be mainly used to resettle employees laid off from these enterprises. We will take a full range of measures to reduce the transaction, logistics, financial, and energy consumption costs of enterprises, and work to put a stop to the collection of arbitrary and unwarranted fees from enterprises and be strict about investigating and punishing violations of regulations.
努力改善產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)供給。突出抓好三個(gè)方面。一是提升消費(fèi)品品質(zhì)。加快質(zhì)量安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接軌，建立商品質(zhì)量懲罰性賠償制度。鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)開(kāi)展個(gè)性化定制、柔性化生產(chǎn)，培育精益求精的工匠精神，增品種、提品質(zhì)、創(chuàng)品牌。二是促進(jìn)制造業(yè)升級(jí)。深入推進(jìn)“中國(guó)制造+互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”，建設(shè)若干國(guó)家級(jí)制造業(yè)創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)，實(shí)施一批智能制造示范項(xiàng)目，啟動(dòng)工業(yè)強(qiáng)基、綠色制造、高端裝備等重大工程，組織實(shí)施重大技術(shù)改造升級(jí)工程。三是加快現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展。啟動(dòng)新一輪國(guó)家服務(wù)業(yè)綜合改革試點(diǎn)，實(shí)施高技術(shù)服務(wù)業(yè)創(chuàng)新工程，大力發(fā)展數(shù)字創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)。放寬市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，提高生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)專業(yè)化、生活性服務(wù)業(yè)精細(xì)化水平。建設(shè)一批光網(wǎng)城市，推進(jìn)5萬(wàn)個(gè)行政村通光纖，讓更多城鄉(xiāng)居民享受數(shù)字化生活。
– We will work to ensure the supply of goods and services is improved.
We will concentrate our efforts on the following three areas:
First, we will see that the quality of consumer goods is improved. We will move faster to bring domestic quality and safety standards in line with international standards, and establish a system for making producers pay punitive compensation for failing to meet product quality standards. We will also encourage enterprises to use flexible and custom-tailored production processes and foster a craftsmanship spirit of striving for the best, so that more types of products, products of a higher quality, and brand products will be made.
Second, we will work to upgrade manufacturing. We will intensify efforts to promote the integrated development of Made in China 2025 and the Internet Plus action plan; build national platforms for innovation in manufacturing; carry out demonstration programs in smart manufacturing; launch projects to build a more solid foundation for industry development, promote green manufacturing, and develop high-end equipment; and carry out major technological transformation and upgrading initiatives.
Third, we will accelerate the development of the modern service sector. We will launch a new round of national pilot projects for all-round service sector reform as well as projects to promote innovation in high-tech services, and channel great efforts into developing the digital creative industries. We will relax restrictions on market access to the service sector, and ensure greater specialization in producer services and higher refinement in consumer services. Fiber-optic networks will be developed in a number of cities and 50,000 administrative villages will be linked up to fiber-optic networks, thus enabling more urban and rural residents to enjoy a more digital way of life.
大力推進(jìn)國(guó)有企業(yè)改革。今明兩年，要以改革促發(fā)展，堅(jiān)決打好國(guó)有企業(yè)提質(zhì)增效攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)。推動(dòng)國(guó)有企業(yè)特別是中央企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，創(chuàng)新發(fā)展一批，重組整合一批，清理退出一批。推進(jìn)股權(quán)多元化改革，開(kāi)展落實(shí)企業(yè)董事會(huì)職權(quán)、市場(chǎng)化選聘經(jīng)營(yíng)者、職業(yè)經(jīng)理人制度、混合所有制、員工持股等試點(diǎn)。深化企業(yè)用人制度改革，探索建立與市場(chǎng)化選任方式相適應(yīng)的高層次人才和企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)管理者薪酬制度。加快改組組建國(guó)有資本投資、運(yùn)營(yíng)公司。以管資本為主推進(jìn)國(guó)有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)職能轉(zhuǎn)變，防止國(guó)有資產(chǎn)流失，實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)有資產(chǎn)保值增值。賦予地方更多國(guó)有企業(yè)改革自主權(quán)。加快剝離國(guó)有企業(yè)辦社會(huì)職能，解決歷史遺留問(wèn)題，讓國(guó)有企業(yè)瘦身健體，增強(qiáng)核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。
– We will push for progress in SOE reform.
This year and next, we will use reform to promote the development of SOEs and push hard to ensure success in upgrading them and improving their performance. We will prompt SOEs, especially those managed by the central government, to make structural adjustments so that some will be developed through innovation, others will be reorganized or merged, and still others will exit the market. We will carry out reforms to diversify their types of equity and introduce on a trial basis the assumption of powers and responsibilities by corporate boards of directors, competitive open selection and recruitment of executives, recruitment of professional managers, mixed ownership, and employee equity stakes. We will deepen the reform of the enterprise personnel management system and explore the possibility of establishing remuneration systems for senior ranking personnel and corporate executives that are compatible with competitive selection and recruitment. We will work faster to establish state capital investment and management companies through reorganization. To prevent the loss of state assets and ensure their value is maintained or increased, we will encourage state-owned asset supervisory and management authorities to shift their focus to the use of state capital. Local governments will be granted more power over SOE reform. We will move more quickly to relieve SOEs of their obligations to operate social programs and resolve their other longstanding issues, enabling them to become leaner and healthier and to increase their core competitiveness.
更好激發(fā)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)活力。大幅放寬電力、電信、交通、石油、天然氣、市政公用等領(lǐng)域市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，消除各種隱性壁壘，鼓勵(lì)民營(yíng)企業(yè)擴(kuò)大投資、參與國(guó)有企業(yè)改革。在項(xiàng)目核準(zhǔn)、融資服務(wù)、財(cái)稅政策、土地使用等方面一視同仁。依法平等保護(hù)各種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)權(quán)，嚴(yán)肅查處侵犯非公有制企業(yè)及非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)人士合法權(quán)益的行為，營(yíng)造公平、公正、透明、穩(wěn)定的法治環(huán)境，構(gòu)建新型政商關(guān)系，促進(jìn)各類企業(yè)各展其長(zhǎng)、共同發(fā)展。
– We will energize the non-public sector.
We will significantly relax restrictions on entry into markets such as electricity, telecommunications, transport, petroleum, natural gas, and municipal public utilities, remove hidden barriers, and encourage private companies to increase investment in these areas and participate in SOE reform. In these fields, private companies will enjoy the same treatment afforded to SOEs in terms of project verification and approval, financing, fiscal and tax policies, and land availability. We will, in accordance with the law, provide equal protection to the property rights of entities under all forms of ownership; and we will ensure that, without fail, infringements on the legitimate rights and interests of non-public sector enterprises and individuals are investigated and prosecuted. We will create a rule of law environment that is fair, just, transparent, and stable and establish new government-business relations to help all types of enterprises develop side by side based on their own respective strengths.
（三）深挖國(guó)內(nèi)需求潛力，開(kāi)拓發(fā)展更大空間。適度擴(kuò)大需求總量，積極調(diào)整改革需求結(jié)構(gòu)，促進(jìn)供給需求有效對(duì)接、投資消費(fèi)有機(jī)結(jié)合、城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，形成對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展穩(wěn)定而持久的內(nèi)需支撐。
3. Tap the potential of domestic demand to increase the space for development
We will work to achieve a moderate expansion of aggregate demand, adjust and reform the composition of demand, strive for better alignment between supply and demand and between investment and consumption, and work to achieve greater balance in the development of urban and rural areas and of different regions. This will create steady and long-term domestic demand to sustain economic development.
增強(qiáng)消費(fèi)拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的基礎(chǔ)作用。適應(yīng)消費(fèi)升級(jí)趨勢(shì)，破除政策障礙，優(yōu)化消費(fèi)環(huán)境，維護(hù)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益。支持發(fā)展養(yǎng)老、健康、家政、教育培訓(xùn)、文化體育等服務(wù)消費(fèi)。壯大網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息、智能家居、個(gè)性時(shí)尚等新興消費(fèi)。促進(jìn)線上線下協(xié)調(diào)互動(dòng)、平等競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，推動(dòng)實(shí)體商業(yè)創(chuàng)新轉(zhuǎn)型。完善物流配送網(wǎng)絡(luò)，促進(jìn)快遞業(yè)健康發(fā)展。活躍二手車(chē)市場(chǎng)，大力發(fā)展和推廣以電動(dòng)汽車(chē)為主的新能源汽車(chē)，加快建設(shè)城市停車(chē)場(chǎng)和充電設(shè)施。在全國(guó)開(kāi)展消費(fèi)金融公司試點(diǎn)，鼓勵(lì)金融機(jī)構(gòu)創(chuàng)新消費(fèi)信貸產(chǎn)品。降低部分消費(fèi)品進(jìn)口關(guān)稅，增設(shè)免稅店。落實(shí)帶薪休假制度，加強(qiáng)旅游交通、景區(qū)景點(diǎn)、自駕車(chē)營(yíng)地等設(shè)施建設(shè)，規(guī)范旅游市場(chǎng)秩序，迎接正在興起的大眾旅游時(shí)代。
– We will strengthen the foundational role of consumption in promoting economic growth.
To adapt to the trend toward high-end consumption, we will remove policy barriers, improve the consumer environment, and safeguard the rights and interests of consumers. We will support the growth of consumption in elderly care, health services, housekeeping services, educational and training services, and cultural and sports services. We will work to strengthen the growth of emerging areas of consumption such as information goods and services, smart homes, and personalized fashion. We will promote coordination, interaction, and fair competition between the online and the offline and encourage physical stores to transform themselves through innovation. We will help ensure the improvement of logistics networks and the healthy development of express delivery services. We will work to stimulate the second-hand car market, channel great effort into developing and promoting the use of new-energy vehicles, particularly electric vehicles, and move faster to build urban car parks and install charging facilities. We will carry out nationwide trials to set up consumer financing companies and encourage financial institutions to develop new consumer credit products. We will cut import tariffs on some consumer goods and increase the number of duty-free stores. We will ensure people are able to take their paid vacations, strengthen the development of tourist and transport facilities, scenic spots and tourist sites, and recreational vehicle parks, and see that the tourist market operates in line with regulations. With these efforts, we will usher in a new era of mass tourism.
發(fā)揮有效投資對(duì)穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)鍵作用。我國(guó)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和民生領(lǐng)域有許多短板，產(chǎn)業(yè)亟需改造升級(jí)，有效投資仍有很大空間。今年要啟動(dòng)一批“十三五”規(guī)劃重大項(xiàng)目。完成鐵路投資8000億元以上、公路投資1.65萬(wàn)億元，再開(kāi)工20項(xiàng)重大水利工程，建設(shè)水電核電、特高壓輸電、智能電網(wǎng)、油氣管網(wǎng)、城市軌道交通等重大項(xiàng)目。中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資安排5000億元。深化投融資體制改革，繼續(xù)以市場(chǎng)化方式籌集專項(xiàng)建設(shè)基金，推動(dòng)地方融資平臺(tái)轉(zhuǎn)型改制進(jìn)行市場(chǎng)化融資，探索基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等資產(chǎn)證券化，擴(kuò)大債券融資規(guī)模。完善政府和社會(huì)資本合作模式，用好1800億元引導(dǎo)基金，依法嚴(yán)格履行合同，充分激發(fā)社會(huì)資本參與熱情。
– We will see that effective investment plays a key role in maintaining stable growth and making structural adjustments.
The many weak areas in infrastructure and public services in China and the urgent need for industry upgrading leave vast scope for growth in effective investment. This year, we will launch a number of projects set forth in the 13th Five-Year Plan. More than 800 billion yuan will be invested in railway construction, and investment in road construction will reach 1.65 trillion yuan. A further 20 water conservancy projects will be carried out, and major projects will be launched to develop hydropower, nuclear power, ultra high-voltage power transmission, smart grids, pipelines for oil and gas transmission, and urban rail transit. Central government budgetary investment will be 500 billion yuan. We will deepen the reform of the investment and financing systems. Funds for specific projects will continue to be raised through market-based mechanisms. Local financing platforms will be required to transform themselves and shift toward market-based financing, the securitization of tangible assets such as infrastructure will be explored, and debt financing will be increased. We will improve the public-private partnership model, make good use of the 180 billion yuan in seed funds, and strictly honor contracts in accordance with the law, so as to bring the enthusiasm of private investors to the table.
深入推進(jìn)新型城鎮(zhèn)化。城鎮(zhèn)化是現(xiàn)代化的必由之路，是我國(guó)最大的內(nèi)需潛力和發(fā)展動(dòng)能所在。今年重點(diǎn)抓好三項(xiàng)工作。一是加快農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化。深化戶籍制度改革，放寬城鎮(zhèn)落戶條件，建立健全“人地錢(qián)”掛鉤政策。擴(kuò)大新型城鎮(zhèn)化綜合試點(diǎn)范圍。居住證具有很高的含金量，要加快覆蓋未落戶的城鎮(zhèn)常住人口，使他們依法享有居住地義務(wù)教育、就業(yè)、醫(yī)療等基本公共服務(wù)。發(fā)展中西部地區(qū)中小城市和小城鎮(zhèn)，容納更多的農(nóng)民工就近就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)，讓他們掙錢(qián)顧家兩不誤。二是推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)保障性安居工程建設(shè)和房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)健康發(fā)展。今年棚戶區(qū)住房改造600萬(wàn)套，提高棚改貨幣化安置比例。完善支持居民住房合理消費(fèi)的稅收、信貸政策，適應(yīng)住房剛性需求和改善性需求，因城施策化解房地產(chǎn)庫(kù)存，促進(jìn)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行。建立租購(gòu)并舉的住房制度，把符合條件的外來(lái)人口逐步納入公租房供應(yīng)范圍。三是加強(qiáng)城市規(guī)劃建設(shè)管理。增強(qiáng)城市規(guī)劃的科學(xué)性、前瞻性、權(quán)威性、公開(kāi)性，促進(jìn)“多規(guī)合一”。開(kāi)工建設(shè)城市地下綜合管廊2000公里以上。積極推廣綠色建筑和建材，大力發(fā)展鋼結(jié)構(gòu)和裝配式建筑，加快標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè)，提高建筑技術(shù)水平和工程質(zhì)量。推進(jìn)城市管理體制創(chuàng)新，打造智慧城市，完善公共交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)，治理交通擁堵等突出問(wèn)題，改善人居環(huán)境，使人民群眾生活得更安心、更省心、更舒心。
– We will advance new urbanization.
Urbanization is the path we need to take to develop a modern China. It is where we will find the greatest potential for domestic demand and the most powerful force for sustaining economic development. This year, we will take the following three major steps regarding urbanization.
First, we will move faster to see that urban residency is granted to more people with rural household registration living in urban areas.
We will deepen reform of the household registration system and relax restrictions on eligibility for urban residency. We will introduce policies for making both the transfer payments and the land designated for urban development granted to the government of a local jurisdiction conditional upon the number of people with rural household registration who are granted permanent urban residency in that jurisdiction. The full range of trials for developing new urbanization will be extended to more areas. Residence cards are important assets for their holders. We must move faster to ensure that permanent urban residents without urban residency are issued residence cards, thus enabling them to enjoy, as provided for by law, the right to access compulsory education, employment, medical care, and other basic public services. We will promote the development of small towns and small and medium-sized cities in the central and western regions to help more rural migrant workers find employment or start businesses in urban areas closer to home so that they do not have to choose between earning money and taking care of the families they leave behind.
Second, we will promote the construction of government-subsidized housing in urban areas and the healthy development of the real estate market.
This year, we will see to it that six million housing units are rebuilt in rundown urban areas and that more people displaced by the rebuilding of such areas receive monetary housing compensation rather than housing. Taking into consideration people’s demand for buying homes or improving their housing situation, we will improve the tax and credit policies to support justified personal housing consumption and adopt different policies in different cities as appropriate to their local conditions, in order to cut housing inventory and promote stability in the real estate market. We will put in place a housing system which encourages both renting and purchasing and, over time, enable eligible non-registered urban residents to apply for public rental housing.
Third, we will redouble our efforts to improve urban planning, development, and management.
We will make urban planning more sound, forward-looking, authoritative, and transparent and encourage local governments to integrate their various types of urban plans into a single master plan. Construction will begin on at least 2,000 kilometers of utility tunnels. We will actively promote environmentally friendly buildings and construction materials, make a big push to develop steel understructures and prefabricated modules, accelerate work to ensure adherence to construction standards, and see that the level of technique in building and the quality of construction projects are improved. We will encourage institutional innovation in urban management, work hard to create smart cities, improve public transport networks, address traffic congestion and other prominent problems, and improve living environments so that people can enjoy a more secure, relaxing, and satisfying city life.
優(yōu)化區(qū)域發(fā)展格局。深入推進(jìn)“一帶一路”建設(shè)，落實(shí)京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要，加快長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展。制定實(shí)施西部大開(kāi)發(fā)“十三五”規(guī)劃，實(shí)施新一輪?wèn)|北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地振興戰(zhàn)略，出臺(tái)促進(jìn)中部地區(qū)崛起新十年規(guī)劃，支持東部地區(qū)在體制創(chuàng)新、陸海統(tǒng)籌等方面率先突破。促進(jìn)資源型地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)。支持革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)、貧困地區(qū)發(fā)展。制定和實(shí)施國(guó)家海洋戰(zhàn)略，維護(hù)國(guó)家海洋權(quán)益，保護(hù)海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境，拓展藍(lán)色經(jīng)濟(jì)空間，建設(shè)海洋強(qiáng)國(guó)。
– We will work to improve the layout of development across regions.
We will push ahead with the Belt and Road Initiative, carry out the development plan for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration initiative, and speed up the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt. We will draw up and implement the 13th Five-Year Plan for the large-scale development of the western region, implement a new round of strategies for revitalizing the old industrial bases in the Northeast and other parts of the country, adopt the new ten-year plan for fuelling the rise of the central region, and support the eastern region as it leads the country in making breakthroughs in institutional innovation and coordinated land and maritime development. We will promote the economic transformation and upgrading of resource-dependent regions. We will support the development of old revolutionary base areas, areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities, border areas, and poor areas. We will work out and implement a national maritime strategy, safeguard national maritime rights and interests, protect marine ecosystems and habitats, and open up more space for the blue economy so as to strengthen China’s maritime development.
（四）加快發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)，促進(jìn)農(nóng)民持續(xù)增收。繼續(xù)毫不放松抓好“三農(nóng)”工作，完善強(qiáng)農(nóng)惠農(nóng)富農(nóng)政策，深化農(nóng)村改革，拓展農(nóng)民就業(yè)增收渠道，著力提高農(nóng)業(yè)質(zhì)量、效益和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。
4. Speed up efforts to develop modern agriculture and ensure sustained increases in rural incomes
We will, with as much care and attention as ever, continue focusing on our work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. We will strengthen policy support for these areas, deepen rural reform, expand the channels through which farmers can find employment and increase their income, and work to ensure that the quality, performance, and competitiveness of agriculture improve.
加快農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。糧食連續(xù)增產(chǎn)，為穩(wěn)定物價(jià)、改善民生提供了有力保障，但也面臨庫(kù)存大幅增加、市場(chǎng)價(jià)格下跌等問(wèn)題。要完善農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格形成機(jī)制，引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)需求調(diào)整種養(yǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)，適當(dāng)調(diào)減玉米種植面積。按照“市場(chǎng)定價(jià)、價(jià)補(bǔ)分離”原則，積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)玉米收儲(chǔ)制度改革，保障農(nóng)民合理收益。要多措并舉消化糧食庫(kù)存，大力支持農(nóng)產(chǎn)品精深加工，發(fā)展畜牧業(yè)，延伸農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條；制定新一輪退耕還林還草方案，今年退耕還林還草1500萬(wàn)畝以上，這件事一舉多得，務(wù)必抓好。積極發(fā)展多種形式農(nóng)業(yè)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)，完善對(duì)家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)、專業(yè)大戶、農(nóng)民合作社等新型經(jīng)營(yíng)主體的扶持政策，培養(yǎng)新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民，鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)戶依法自愿有償流轉(zhuǎn)承包地，開(kāi)展土地股份合作、聯(lián)合或土地托管。深化農(nóng)村集體產(chǎn)權(quán)、農(nóng)墾、集體林權(quán)、國(guó)有林場(chǎng)、農(nóng)田水利、供銷社等改革。
– We will speed up structural adjustment in agriculture.
The output of food crops has continued to rise in recent years. This has helped to keep prices stable and ensure people’s wellbeing, but it has also resulted in a buildup of excess stockpiles and falling market prices. To resolve this problem, we will improve the pricing mechanisms for agricultural products, while guiding farmers in adjusting what and how much they grow and breed in response to market demand and in making appropriate reductions to the amount of cultivated land devoted to growing corn. Following the principle of letting the market determine prices and delinking subsidies from prices, we will reform in an active yet prudent way the system of corn purchase and storage to ensure reasonable returns for corn-growing farmers. We will adopt a full range of measures to reduce excess stockpiles of food, provide strong support for the processing of agricultural products to increase their value, develop the livestock industry, and extend the agricultural production chain. We will formulate a plan for a new round of initiatives to turn marginal farmland into forest or grassland, with the target for this year being more than one million hectares. There is much to be gained in this, and it must be carried out to full effect.
We will promote the development of suitably scaled-up agricultural operations in diversified forms; improve policy support for family farms, large and specialized agricultural family operations, farming cooperatives, and other emerging forms of agribusiness; and cultivate a new type of skilled farmer. We will encourage farmers, on a voluntary basis and in accordance with relevant laws, to transfer the land they contract to work on in return for compensation, enter into cooperation or association based on land as shares, or place their land under trusteeship. We will deepen the reform of the rural collective property rights system, state farms on reclaimed land, collective forest tenure, state forestry farms, farmland irrigation and water conservancy, and rural supply and marketing cooperatives.
強(qiáng)化農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)支撐。全面完成永久基本農(nóng)田劃定并實(shí)行特殊保護(hù)，加強(qiáng)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè)，增加深松土地1.5億畝，新增高效節(jié)水灌溉面積2000萬(wàn)畝。探索耕地輪作休耕制度試點(diǎn)。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新與推廣，深入開(kāi)展糧食綠色高產(chǎn)高效創(chuàng)建，實(shí)施化肥農(nóng)藥零增長(zhǎng)行動(dòng)。保障財(cái)政對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)投入，建立全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)信貸擔(dān)保體系，完善農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度和農(nóng)村金融服務(wù)，引導(dǎo)帶動(dòng)更多資金投向現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)。
– The foundation of agriculture will be strengthened.
We will complete our work nationwide on designating permanent basic cropland and provide special protection for such cropland, promote the development of high-standard cropland, improve the subsoil of an additional ten million hectares of cropland, and increase the area of cropland covered by efficient water-saving irrigation by 1.33 million hectares. We will explore trials of crop rotation and fallow land. We will promote the innovation and application of agricultural science and technology. We will promote green, high-yield, and cost efficient food crop production and achieve zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers and insecticides. In fiscal allocations, investment in agriculture will be ensured, a national agricultural credit guaranty system will be established, the agricultural insurance system and rural financial services will be improved, and more investment in agricultural modernization will be encouraged.
改善農(nóng)村公共設(shè)施和服務(wù)。加大農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)力度，新建改建農(nóng)村公路20萬(wàn)公里，具備條件的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)和建制村要加快通硬化路、通客車(chē)。抓緊新一輪農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)改造升級(jí)，兩年內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村穩(wěn)定可靠供電服務(wù)和平原地區(qū)機(jī)井通電全覆蓋。實(shí)施飲水安全鞏固提升工程。推動(dòng)電子商務(wù)進(jìn)農(nóng)村。開(kāi)展農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境整治，建設(shè)美麗宜居鄉(xiāng)村。
– We will improve public services and facilities in rural areas.
We will step up the development of rural infrastructure. An additional 200,000 kilometers of rural roads will be built or upgraded. In towns, townships, and incorporated villages, where conditions allow, efforts should be stepped up to build paved roads and provide access to bus services. We will act promptly to launch a new round of efforts to upgrade rural power grids, and our goal is to ensure a stable and reliable supply of power to all rural areas and all electric pump sets on rural flatlands within the next two years. We will build on past progress to make further advances in providing access to safe drinking water. We will encourage the introduction of e-commerce into rural areas. We will work hard to improve rural living environments, building an even more livable and beautiful countryside.
實(shí)施脫貧攻堅(jiān)工程。今年要完成1000萬(wàn)以上農(nóng)村貧困人口脫貧任務(wù)，其中易地搬遷脫貧200萬(wàn)人以上，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)貧困農(nóng)戶危房改造。中央財(cái)政扶貧資金增長(zhǎng)43.4%。在貧困縣推進(jìn)涉農(nóng)資金整合。堅(jiān)持精準(zhǔn)扶貧脫貧，因人因地施策。大力培育特色產(chǎn)業(yè)，支持就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)。解決好通路、通水、通電、通網(wǎng)絡(luò)等問(wèn)題，增強(qiáng)集中連片特困地區(qū)和貧困人口發(fā)展能力。國(guó)家各項(xiàng)惠民政策和民生項(xiàng)目，要向貧困地區(qū)傾斜。深入開(kāi)展定點(diǎn)扶貧、東西協(xié)作扶貧，支持社會(huì)力量參與脫貧攻堅(jiān)。扶貧脫貧是硬任務(wù)，各級(jí)政府已經(jīng)立下軍令狀，必須按時(shí)保質(zhì)保量完成。
– We will combat poverty.
This year, we will help more than ten million rural residents lift themselves out of poverty, including over two million poor residents who are to be relocated from inhospitable areas, and continue to rebuild the dilapidated housing of poor rural households. Central government funds for poverty alleviation efforts will be increased by 43.4%. In poor counties, various funds for rural development will be integrated. We will take targeted measures to alleviate and eliminate poverty in light of local conditions. We will channel significant energy into cultivating business operations with distinctive local features in support of employment and business development. We will construct infrastructure such as roads, water and power supply, and Internet access, and work to strengthen the ability of contiguous poor areas and persons in need to achieve development. National programs aimed at providing people with policy support and promoting people’s wellbeing will be weighted toward poor areas. We will give stronger support to targeted poor areas, encourage the eastern region to help in the alleviation of poverty in the western region, and support nongovernmental participation in combating poverty. Poverty reduction is a must, governments at all levels have made the pledge, and it must be accomplished both qualitatively and quantitatively within the timeframe set.
（五）推進(jìn)新一輪高水平對(duì)外開(kāi)放，著力實(shí)現(xiàn)合作共贏。面對(duì)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)格局的深刻變化，順應(yīng)國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)提質(zhì)增效升級(jí)的迫切需要，要堅(jiān)定不移擴(kuò)大對(duì)外開(kāi)放，在開(kāi)放中增強(qiáng)發(fā)展新動(dòng)能、增添改革新動(dòng)力、增創(chuàng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)新優(yōu)勢(shì)。
5. Carry out a new round of high-quality opening up and work to achieve mutually beneficial cooperation
In the face of profound changes in international economic cooperation and competition, and in response to the urgent need to improve the performance of and upgrade China’s economy, we must open wider to the outside world with unwavering resolve. By doing so, we can strengthen new drivers of development, add new forces to propel reform forward, and create new competitive strengths for China.
來(lái)源：中國(guó)政府網(wǎng) 新華網(wǎng) 人民網(wǎng) 鳳凰網(wǎng) 英語(yǔ)巴士 編輯整理：福建啟航翻譯
三、2016年重點(diǎn)工作
I now want to discuss the major areas of work for 2016.
今年是全面建成小康社會(huì)決勝階段的開(kāi)局之年，也是推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革的攻堅(jiān)之年。做好政府工作，必須高舉中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義偉大旗幟，全面貫徹黨的十八大和十八屆三中、四中、五中全會(huì)精神，以鄧小平理論、“三個(gè)代表”重要思想、科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為指導(dǎo)，深入貫徹習(xí)近平總書(shū)記系列重要講話精神，按照“五位一體”總體布局和“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局，堅(jiān)持改革開(kāi)放，堅(jiān)持以新發(fā)展理念引領(lǐng)發(fā)展，堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)工作總基調(diào)，適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新常態(tài)，實(shí)行宏觀政策要穩(wěn)、產(chǎn)業(yè)政策要準(zhǔn)、微觀政策要活、改革政策要實(shí)、社會(huì)政策要托底的總體思路，把握好穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)與調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡，保持經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行在合理區(qū)間，著力加強(qiáng)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，加快培育新的發(fā)展動(dòng)能，改造提升傳統(tǒng)比較優(yōu)勢(shì)，抓好去產(chǎn)能、去庫(kù)存、去杠桿、降成本、補(bǔ)短板，加強(qiáng)民生保障，切實(shí)防控風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)“十三五”時(shí)期經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展良好開(kāi)局。
This is the first year of the decisive stage in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and a crucial year in carrying out structural reform. To ensure that the government’s goal for this year is accomplished, we must do the following:
– hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics;
– implement the guiding principles of the 18th National Congress of the CPC and the third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee;
– follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development;
– put into practice the guiding principles from General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major policy addresses;
– work in accordance with the overall plan for promoting all-round economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy; *
Note:* To make comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance the law-based governance of China, and strengthen Party self-conduct.
– continue reform and opening up;
– follow the new vision of development;
– follow the general principle of making progress while working to keep performance stable;
– adapt to the new normal in economic development;
– follow the general guidelines that macro policies should be stable, industrial policies targeted, micro policies flexible, reform policies practical, and that social policies should ensure basic needs;
– maintain a balance between ensuring steady growth and making structural adjustments;
– ensure that the economy operates within an appropriate range;
– strengthen supply-side structural reform;
– accelerate the fostering of new driving forces for development;
– strengthen traditional comparative advantages;
– cut overcapacity and excess inventory, deleverage, reduce costs, and strengthen points of weakness;
– strengthen basic safeguards for public wellbeing;
– prevent and control risks.
By working to achieve all of these, we should get off to a good start in economic and social development during the period covered by the 13th Five-Year Plan.
今年發(fā)展的主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)是：國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)6.5%－7%，居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格漲幅3%左右，城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1000萬(wàn)人以上，城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率4.5%以內(nèi)，進(jìn)出口回穩(wěn)向好，國(guó)際收支基本平衡，居民收入增長(zhǎng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)基本同步。單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降3.4%以上，主要污染物排放繼續(xù)減少。
The main development targets for 2016 are as follows:
– GDP growth of 6.5% to 7%;
– CPI increase kept at around 3%;
– creation of at least ten million new urban jobs;
– registered urban unemployment rate kept within 4.5%;
– a steady rise in import and export volumes;
– a basic balance in international payments;
– increases in personal income basically in step with economic growth;
– a reduction in energy consumption per unit of GDP of at least 3.4%;
– further reductions in the release of major pollutants.
經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)預(yù)期目標(biāo)6.5%－7%，考慮了與全面建成小康社會(huì)目標(biāo)相銜接，考慮了推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革的需要，也有利于穩(wěn)定和引導(dǎo)市場(chǎng)預(yù)期。穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)主要是為了保就業(yè)、惠民生，有6.5%－7%的增速就能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)比較充分的就業(yè)。
In setting a projected growth rate of between 6.5% and 7%, we have taken into consideration the need to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and the need to advance structural reform. It will also help guide market expectations and keep them stable. The aim of maintaining stable growth is primarily to ensure employment and promote the people’s wellbeing, and a growth rate of between 6.5% and 7% will allow for relatively full employment.
綜合分析各方面情況，今年我國(guó)發(fā)展面臨的困難更多更大、挑戰(zhàn)更為嚴(yán)峻，我們要做打硬仗的充分準(zhǔn)備。從國(guó)際看，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)深度調(diào)整、復(fù)蘇乏力，國(guó)際貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)低迷，金融和大宗商品市場(chǎng)波動(dòng)不定，地緣政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn)上升，外部環(huán)境的不穩(wěn)定不確定因素增加，對(duì)我國(guó)發(fā)展的影響不可低估。從國(guó)內(nèi)看，長(zhǎng)期積累的矛盾和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)一步顯現(xiàn)，經(jīng)濟(jì)增速換擋、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整陣痛、新舊動(dòng)能轉(zhuǎn)換相互交織，經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力加大。但困難和挑戰(zhàn)并不可怕。中國(guó)的發(fā)展從來(lái)都是在應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)中前進(jìn)的，沒(méi)有過(guò)不去的坎。經(jīng)過(guò)多年的快速發(fā)展，我國(guó)物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)雄厚，經(jīng)濟(jì)韌性強(qiáng)、潛力足、回旋余地大，改革開(kāi)放不斷注入新動(dòng)力，創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控積累了豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)。特別是我們有中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度，中國(guó)人民勤勞智慧。只要我們?nèi)f眾一心，共克時(shí)艱，就一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)全年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展目標(biāo)。
A comprehensive analysis of all factors shows that China will face more and tougher problems and challenges in its development this year, so we must be fully prepared to fight a difficult battle.
Internationally, the global economy is experiencing profound changes and struggling to recover; growth in trade is weak; there are fluctuations in the financial and commodity markets; geopolitical risks are rising; and there are increasing instabilities and uncertainties in China’s external environment. We should not underestimate the impact all of this will have on China’s development.
Domestically, problems and risks that have been building up over the years are becoming more evident; the change of pace in economic growth, the difficulties associated with structural adjustments, and the transformation of the drivers of growth present interwoven problems; and downward pressure on the economy is growing.
But we will not be daunted by these problems and challenges. China has from the start been developing while responding to challenges; there is no difficulty we cannot get beyond. Thanks to years of rapid development, China has laid a solid material foundation, and its economy is hugely resilient and has enormous potential and ample room for growth. At the same time, reform and opening up has been injecting new impetus into economic growth, and a wealth of experience has been gained in developing new ways of conducting macro regulation. In addition, we have the guidance of the CPC and the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and our people are talented and hardworking. As long as we work together as one to surmount all difficulties, we will definitely achieve the targets for economic and social development in 2016.
今年要重點(diǎn)做好八個(gè)方面工作。
This year, we will carry out the following eight tasks:
（一）穩(wěn)定和完善宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，保持經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行在合理區(qū)間。我們宏觀調(diào)控還有創(chuàng)新手段和政策儲(chǔ)備，既要立足當(dāng)前、有針對(duì)性地出招，頂住經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力，又要著眼長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)、留有后手、謀勢(shì)蓄勢(shì)。繼續(xù)實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控方式，加強(qiáng)區(qū)間調(diào)控、定向調(diào)控、相機(jī)調(diào)控，統(tǒng)籌運(yùn)用財(cái)政、貨幣政策和產(chǎn)業(yè)、投資、價(jià)格等政策工具，采取結(jié)構(gòu)性改革尤其是供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革舉措，為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?fàn)I造良好環(huán)境。
1. Improve and keep stable our macroeconomic policies to ensure that the economy performs within an appropriate range
At present, we still have new instruments for macro regulation and a good reserve of policies at our disposal. On the one hand, we will focus on current realities and take targeted steps to withstand the downward pressure on the economy. On the other hand, we must have our long-term development goals in mind, keep some policy tools as options for later use, strategize our moves, and gather strength. We will continue to implement proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, develop new approaches to macro regulation, strengthen range-based, targeted, and well-timed regulation, use fiscal and monetary policies and industry, investment, and pricing policy tools in a coordinated way, and implement structural reform, particularly supply-side structural reform, so as to create an enabling environment for economic development.
積極的財(cái)政政策要加大力度。今年擬安排財(cái)政赤字2.18萬(wàn)億元，比去年增加5600億元，赤字率提高到3%。其中，中央財(cái)政赤字1.4萬(wàn)億元，地方財(cái)政赤字7800億元。安排地方專項(xiàng)債券4000億元，繼續(xù)發(fā)行地方政府置換債券。我國(guó)財(cái)政赤字率和政府負(fù)債率在世界主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體中相對(duì)較低，這樣的安排是必要的、可行的，也是安全的。
– We will pursue a more proactive fiscal policy.
The government deficit for 2016 is projected to be 2.18 trillion yuan, an increase of 560 billion yuan over last year, meaning the deficit-to-GDP ratio will rise to 3%. Of the deficit, 1.4 trillion yuan will be carried by the central government, and the remaining 780 billion yuan will be carried by local governments. Special bonds for local governments will total 400 billion yuan, and local government debt-converting bonds will continue to be issued. China’s deficit-to-GDP ratio and government debt ratio are lower than those of other major economies; such steps are necessary, feasible, and also safe.
適度擴(kuò)大財(cái)政赤字，主要用于減稅降費(fèi)，進(jìn)一步減輕企業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)。今年將采取三項(xiàng)舉措。一是全面實(shí)施營(yíng)改增，從5月1日起，將試點(diǎn)范圍擴(kuò)大到建筑業(yè)、房地產(chǎn)業(yè)、金融業(yè)、生活服務(wù)業(yè)，并將所有企業(yè)新增不動(dòng)產(chǎn)所含增值稅納入抵扣范圍，確保所有行業(yè)稅負(fù)只減不增。二是取消違規(guī)設(shè)立的政府性基金，停征和歸并一批政府性基金，擴(kuò)大水利建設(shè)基金等免征范圍。三是將18項(xiàng)行政事業(yè)性收費(fèi)的免征范圍，從小微企業(yè)擴(kuò)大到所有企業(yè)和個(gè)人。實(shí)施上述政策，今年將比改革前減輕企業(yè)和個(gè)人負(fù)擔(dān)5000多億元。同時(shí)，適當(dāng)增加必要的財(cái)政支出和政府投資，加大對(duì)民生等薄弱環(huán)節(jié)的支持。創(chuàng)新財(cái)政支出方式，優(yōu)化財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)，該保的一定要保住，該減的一定要減下來(lái)。
The moderate increase in government deficit is projected primarily to cover tax and fee reductions for enterprises, a step that will further reduce their burdens.
The following three measures will be adopted this year.
First, business tax will be replaced with VAT in all sectors. Starting from May 1st, the scope of work to pilot this measure will be extended to the construction, real estate, financial, and consumer service industries, and VAT deductions will cover all new immovable property of enterprises to ensure that the tax burdens on all industries are reduced.
Second, government-managed funds set up without authorization will be abolished; the collection of contributions to certain government-managed funds will be suspended, and some of these funds will be consolidated; and more enterprises will be exempted from contributing to water conservancy construction funds and other government-managed funds.
Third, exemptions from 18 administrative charges which currently apply only to small and micro businesses will be expanded to include all enterprises and individuals.
Through the above policies, the burdens on enterprises and individuals will be cut by more than 500 billion yuan this year. At the same time, we will increase government expenditures and investment as appropriate to work on living standards and other areas in need of strengthening. We will develop new ways for government funds to be spent and improve the government spending mix to ensure that all essential items receive sufficient funding, while non-essential items are cut.
加快財(cái)稅體制改革。推進(jìn)中央與地方事權(quán)和支出責(zé)任劃分改革，合理確定增值稅中央和地方分享比例。把適合作為地方收入的稅種下劃給地方，在稅政管理權(quán)限方面給地方適當(dāng)放權(quán)。進(jìn)一步壓縮中央專項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)移支付規(guī)模，今年一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付規(guī)模增長(zhǎng)12.2%。全面推開(kāi)資源稅從價(jià)計(jì)征改革。依法實(shí)施稅收征管。建立規(guī)范的地方政府舉債融資機(jī)制，對(duì)財(cái)政實(shí)力強(qiáng)、債務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較低的，按法定程序適當(dāng)增加債務(wù)限額。各級(jí)政府要堅(jiān)持過(guò)緊日子，把每一筆錢(qián)都花在明處、用在實(shí)處。
Fiscal and tax reforms will be stepped up. We will move forward with the reform of the way powers and expenditure responsibilities are shared between the central and local governments, ensuring that the proportion of VAT revenue received by the central and local governments is determined appropriately. Taxes suitable as sources of local government revenue will be handed over to local governments along with the corresponding administrative powers. Central government special transfer payments to local governments will be further reduced, while this year’s general transfer payments will be increased by 12.2%. We will extend ad valorem rates to all resource taxes. We will promote the law-based administration of tax collection. We will establish a well-regulated mechanism for local governments to secure financing through bond issuance and make moderate upward adjustments to debt ceilings for local governments with strong financial resources and low debt risks through statutory procedures. Governments at all levels must tighten their belts and spend every sum of money where it can be seen and where it’s most needed.
穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策要靈活適度。今年廣義貨幣M2預(yù)期增長(zhǎng)13%左右，社會(huì)融資規(guī)模余額增長(zhǎng)13%左右。要統(tǒng)籌運(yùn)用公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)操作、利率、準(zhǔn)備金率、再貸款等各類貨幣政策工具，保持流動(dòng)性合理充裕，疏通傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制，降低融資成本，加強(qiáng)對(duì)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)特別是小微企業(yè)、“三農(nóng)”等支持。
– We will pursue prudent monetary policy that is flexible and appropriate.
Both the M2 money supply and aggregate financing in the economy are forecasted to grow by around 13% in 2016. We will use a full range of monetary policy tools including open market operations, interest rates, required reserve ratios, and re-lending to maintain sufficient liquidity at a proper level, improve the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, and reduce financing costs. We will provide more support for the real economy, particularly for small and micro businesses as well as agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.
深化金融體制改革。加快改革完善現(xiàn)代金融監(jiān)管體制，提高金融服務(wù)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)效率，實(shí)現(xiàn)金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管全覆蓋。深化利率市場(chǎng)化改革。繼續(xù)完善人民幣匯率市場(chǎng)化形成機(jī)制，保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上基本穩(wěn)定。深化國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行和開(kāi)發(fā)性、政策性金融機(jī)構(gòu)改革，發(fā)展民營(yíng)銀行，啟動(dòng)投貸聯(lián)動(dòng)試點(diǎn)。推進(jìn)股票、債券市場(chǎng)改革和法治化建設(shè)，促進(jìn)多層次資本市場(chǎng)健康發(fā)展，提高直接融資比重。適時(shí)啟動(dòng)“深港通”。建立巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)制度。規(guī)范發(fā)展互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融。大力發(fā)展普惠金融和綠色金融。加強(qiáng)全口徑外債宏觀審慎管理。扎緊制度籠子，整頓規(guī)范金融秩序，嚴(yán)厲打擊金融詐騙、非法集資和證券期貨領(lǐng)域的違法犯罪活動(dòng)，堅(jiān)決守住不發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性區(qū)域性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的底線。
We will deepen reform of the financial sector. We will move faster in the reform to improve the modern financial regulatory system and ensure that the financial sector serves the real economy more efficiently and that regulation covers all financial risks. Interest rates will be further liberalized. Improvements will be made to the market-based mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate to ensure it remains generally stable at an appropriate and balanced level. We will deepen reform of state-owned commercial banks as well as development and policy-backed financial institutions, develop private banks, and launch trials to allow commercial banks to participate in combined debt-equity investments into startups and small businesses. We will move forward with the reform of stock and bond markets and increase the level of rule of law in their development, promote the sound development of the multilevel capital market, and ensure that the proportion of direct financing is increased. The Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect will be launched at an appropriate time. A catastrophe insurance system will be established. We will work to see that Internet finance develops in line with regulations, and we will make a major push to develop inclusive and green finance. We will strengthen unified, macroprudential management of foreign debt. We will tighten institutional constraints, safeguard order in the financial sector, crack down on financial fraud, illegal fundraising, and unlawful and criminal activities in the securities and futures markets, and make sure that no systemic or regional financial risks arise.
（二）加強(qiáng)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，增強(qiáng)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)動(dòng)力。圍繞解決重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域的突出矛盾和問(wèn)題，加快破除體制機(jī)制障礙，以供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革提高供給體系的質(zhì)量和效率，進(jìn)一步激發(fā)市場(chǎng)活力和社會(huì)創(chuàng)造力。
2. Strengthen supply-side structural reform to drive sustained growth
To solve acute problems in key areas, we must work faster to remove institutional obstacles and carry out supply-side structural reform to improve the quality and efficiency of the supply system, and further stimulate market vitality and the creativity of society.
推動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)改革向縱深發(fā)展。以敬民之心，行簡(jiǎn)政之道，切實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能、提高效能。繼續(xù)大力削減行政審批事項(xiàng)，注重解決放權(quán)不同步、不協(xié)調(diào)、不到位問(wèn)題，對(duì)下放的審批事項(xiàng)，要讓地方能接得住、管得好。深化商事制度改革，開(kāi)展證照分離試點(diǎn)。全面公布地方政府權(quán)力和責(zé)任清單，在部分地區(qū)試行市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單制度。對(duì)行政事業(yè)性收費(fèi)、政府定價(jià)或指導(dǎo)價(jià)經(jīng)營(yíng)服務(wù)性收費(fèi)、政府性基金、國(guó)家職業(yè)資格，實(shí)行目錄清單管理。加快建設(shè)統(tǒng)一開(kāi)放、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)有序的市場(chǎng)體系，打破地方保護(hù)。深化價(jià)格改革，加強(qiáng)價(jià)格監(jiān)管。修改和廢止有礙發(fā)展的行政法規(guī)和規(guī)范性文件。創(chuàng)新事中事后監(jiān)管方式，全面推行“雙隨機(jī)、一公開(kāi)”監(jiān)管，隨機(jī)抽取檢查對(duì)象，隨機(jī)選派執(zhí)法檢查人員，及時(shí)公布查處結(jié)果。推進(jìn)綜合行政執(zhí)法改革，實(shí)施企業(yè)信用信息統(tǒng)一歸集、依法公示、聯(lián)合懲戒、社會(huì)監(jiān)督。大力推行“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+政務(wù)服務(wù)”，實(shí)現(xiàn)部門(mén)間數(shù)據(jù)共享，讓居民和企業(yè)少跑腿、好辦事、不添堵。簡(jiǎn)除煩苛，禁察非法，使人民群眾有更平等的機(jī)會(huì)和更大的創(chuàng)造空間。
– We will deepen reforms to streamline administration, delegate more powers, improve regulation, and provide better services.
With the people in mind, we will streamline administration, transform the functions of the government, and improve its performance. As we continue to cancel the requirement of government review for more matters, we will focus on addressing unsynchronized, uncoordinated, and incomplete delegation of powers and make sure that local governments to which powers of review have been delegated are able to properly exercise those powers.
We will deepen reform of the business system and launch trials to separate operating permits and business licenses. We will release the lists of all powers and responsibilities of local governments, and begin piloting a negative list for market access in some regions. We will draw up lists and catalogues to manage administrative charges, business fees and charges set by the government or set under its guidance, government-managed funds, and professional qualifications recognized by the state. We will move faster to establish a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, and put an end to local protectionism. We will deepen pricing reform and tighten up supervision of prices.
We will revise or abolish any administrative regulations and normative documents that are holding back development. We will develop new ways of conducting oversight over the whole process of business operations, and introduce across the board an oversight model drawing on random inspections by randomly selected law enforcement officers or inspectors and requiring the prompt release of results. We will implement the reform for coordinated administrative law enforcement and adopt a unified approach to gathering information on enterprise credit, release such information in accordance with the law, ensure joint punitive action is taken where necessary, and encourage public oversight.
We will carry out the “Internet Plus government services” model and promote better information sharing between government departments, so that the public and businesses need to make fewer visits to government departments to get things done, find procedures simpler, and find the service satisfactory. We will cut red tape and root out illegalities to ensure that the people have more equal opportunities and greater space for creativity.
充分釋放全社會(huì)創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新潛能。著力實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，促進(jìn)科技與經(jīng)濟(jì)深度融合，提高實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體素質(zhì)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。一是強(qiáng)化企業(yè)創(chuàng)新主體地位。落實(shí)企業(yè)研發(fā)費(fèi)用加計(jì)扣除和加速折舊政策，完善高新技術(shù)企業(yè)、科技企業(yè)孵化器等稅收優(yōu)惠政策。支持行業(yè)領(lǐng)軍企業(yè)建設(shè)高水平研發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)。加快將國(guó)家自主創(chuàng)新示范區(qū)試點(diǎn)政策推廣到全國(guó)，再建設(shè)一批國(guó)家自主創(chuàng)新示范區(qū)、高新區(qū)。二是發(fā)揮大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新和“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”集眾智匯眾力的乘數(shù)效應(yīng)。打造眾創(chuàng)、眾包、眾扶、眾籌平臺(tái)，構(gòu)建大中小企業(yè)、高校、科研機(jī)構(gòu)、創(chuàng)客多方協(xié)同的新型創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新機(jī)制。建設(shè)一批“雙創(chuàng)”示范基地，培育創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新服務(wù)業(yè)，規(guī)范發(fā)展天使、創(chuàng)業(yè)、產(chǎn)業(yè)等投資。支持分享經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，提高資源利用效率，讓更多人參與進(jìn)來(lái)、富裕起來(lái)。實(shí)施更積極、更開(kāi)放、更有效的人才引進(jìn)政策。加強(qiáng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)和運(yùn)用，依法嚴(yán)厲打擊侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)和制假售假行為。三是深化科技管理體制改革。擴(kuò)大高校和科研院所自主權(quán)，砍掉科研管理中的繁文縟節(jié)。實(shí)施支持科技成果轉(zhuǎn)移轉(zhuǎn)化的政策措施，完善股權(quán)期權(quán)稅收優(yōu)惠政策和分紅獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)辦法，鼓勵(lì)科研人員創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新。大力弘揚(yáng)創(chuàng)新文化，厚植創(chuàng)新沃土，營(yíng)造敢為人先、寬容失敗的良好氛圍，充分激發(fā)企業(yè)家精神，調(diào)動(dòng)全社會(huì)創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新積極性，匯聚成推動(dòng)發(fā)展的磅礴力量。
– We will ensure that the whole country’s potential for starting businesses and making innovations is released.
We will implement the strategy of innovation-driven development, see that science and technology become more deeply embedded in the economy, and improve the overall quality and competitiveness of the real economy.
First, we will ensure that enterprises lead in making innovations. We will implement additional tax deductions for their research and development, accelerate the depreciation of their fixed assets, and increase tax policy support for high-tech enterprises and science and technology business incubators. We will support leading enterprises in building top-level research and development institutions. We will move faster to achieve nationwide implementation of the policy of national innovation demonstration zones, and establish another set of national innovation demonstration zones and high-tech development zones.
Second, we will help people to pool their ideas and talents through a synergy of business startups, innovation, and the Internet Plus. Platforms will be created for crowd innovation, crowd support, crowdsourcing, and crowdfunding, and mechanisms will be built to encourage new types of business startups and innovation-making through cooperation between enterprises, institutions of higher learning, research institutes, and makers. We will establish demonstration centers for business startups and innovation, foster a business startup and innovation service industry, and ensure angel investment, venture capital, industrial investment, and other investment develop in accordance with regulations. We will give our support to the development of a sharing economy and see that resources are used more efficiently and that more people take part and benefit. We will adopt more active, open, and effective policies to attract talent from overseas. We will strengthen the protection and use of intellectual property rights and look to the law to crack down on the infringement of these rights and on the production and sale of counterfeit products.
Third, we will deepen the reform of the management system for science and technology. Greater autonomy will be given to universities and research institutes, and red tape will be cut in the management of research projects. Policies and measures will be implemented to support the transfer and commercialization of scientific and technological achievements, and tax incentives for stocks and options, and profit sharing and bonus plans will be improved to encourage researchers to start businesses and make innovations. We will foster a culture of innovation and create an enabling environment for innovation in which people venture to break new ground and failure is tolerated. I am sure that these initiatives will inspire entrepreneurialism and motivate our society to start businesses and make innovations, and thus create a powerful force to drive development.
著力化解過(guò)剩產(chǎn)能和降本增效。重點(diǎn)抓好鋼鐵、煤炭等困難行業(yè)去產(chǎn)能，堅(jiān)持市場(chǎng)倒逼、企業(yè)主體、地方組織、中央支持，運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律、技術(shù)、環(huán)保、質(zhì)量、安全等手段，嚴(yán)格控制新增產(chǎn)能，堅(jiān)決淘汰落后產(chǎn)能，有序退出過(guò)剩產(chǎn)能。采取兼并重組、債務(wù)重組或破產(chǎn)清算等措施，積極穩(wěn)妥處置“僵尸企業(yè)”。完善財(cái)政、金融等支持政策，中央財(cái)政安排1000億元專項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)資金，重點(diǎn)用于職工分流安置。采取綜合措施，降低企業(yè)交易、物流、財(cái)務(wù)、用能等成本，堅(jiān)決遏制涉企亂收費(fèi)，對(duì)違規(guī)行為要嚴(yán)肅查處。
– We will ensure that overcapacity is cut, costs are lowered, and business performance is improved.
We will focus on addressing the overcapacity in the steel, coal, and other industries facing difficulties. In this process, the market should serve as a check, enterprises should be the major actors, local governments should play a coordinating role, and the central government should provide support. We will use economic, legal, technological, environmental, quality inspection, and safety-related means to strictly control the expansion of production capacity, shut down outdated production facilities, and eliminate overcapacity in a planned way. We will address the issue of “zombie enterprises” proactively yet prudently by using measures such as mergers, reorganizations, debt restructurings, and bankruptcy liquidations. Fiscal, financial, and other policies will be improved to support this work. One hundred billion yuan in rewards and subsidies will be provided by the central government, which will be mainly used to resettle employees laid off from these enterprises. We will take a full range of measures to reduce the transaction, logistics, financial, and energy consumption costs of enterprises, and work to put a stop to the collection of arbitrary and unwarranted fees from enterprises and be strict about investigating and punishing violations of regulations.
努力改善產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)供給。突出抓好三個(gè)方面。一是提升消費(fèi)品品質(zhì)。加快質(zhì)量安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接軌，建立商品質(zhì)量懲罰性賠償制度。鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)開(kāi)展個(gè)性化定制、柔性化生產(chǎn)，培育精益求精的工匠精神，增品種、提品質(zhì)、創(chuàng)品牌。二是促進(jìn)制造業(yè)升級(jí)。深入推進(jìn)“中國(guó)制造+互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”，建設(shè)若干國(guó)家級(jí)制造業(yè)創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)，實(shí)施一批智能制造示范項(xiàng)目，啟動(dòng)工業(yè)強(qiáng)基、綠色制造、高端裝備等重大工程，組織實(shí)施重大技術(shù)改造升級(jí)工程。三是加快現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展。啟動(dòng)新一輪國(guó)家服務(wù)業(yè)綜合改革試點(diǎn)，實(shí)施高技術(shù)服務(wù)業(yè)創(chuàng)新工程，大力發(fā)展數(shù)字創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)。放寬市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，提高生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)專業(yè)化、生活性服務(wù)業(yè)精細(xì)化水平。建設(shè)一批光網(wǎng)城市，推進(jìn)5萬(wàn)個(gè)行政村通光纖，讓更多城鄉(xiāng)居民享受數(shù)字化生活。
– We will work to ensure the supply of goods and services is improved.
We will concentrate our efforts on the following three areas:
First, we will see that the quality of consumer goods is improved. We will move faster to bring domestic quality and safety standards in line with international standards, and establish a system for making producers pay punitive compensation for failing to meet product quality standards. We will also encourage enterprises to use flexible and custom-tailored production processes and foster a craftsmanship spirit of striving for the best, so that more types of products, products of a higher quality, and brand products will be made.
Second, we will work to upgrade manufacturing. We will intensify efforts to promote the integrated development of Made in China 2025 and the Internet Plus action plan; build national platforms for innovation in manufacturing; carry out demonstration programs in smart manufacturing; launch projects to build a more solid foundation for industry development, promote green manufacturing, and develop high-end equipment; and carry out major technological transformation and upgrading initiatives.
Third, we will accelerate the development of the modern service sector. We will launch a new round of national pilot projects for all-round service sector reform as well as projects to promote innovation in high-tech services, and channel great efforts into developing the digital creative industries. We will relax restrictions on market access to the service sector, and ensure greater specialization in producer services and higher refinement in consumer services. Fiber-optic networks will be developed in a number of cities and 50,000 administrative villages will be linked up to fiber-optic networks, thus enabling more urban and rural residents to enjoy a more digital way of life.
大力推進(jìn)國(guó)有企業(yè)改革。今明兩年，要以改革促發(fā)展，堅(jiān)決打好國(guó)有企業(yè)提質(zhì)增效攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)。推動(dòng)國(guó)有企業(yè)特別是中央企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，創(chuàng)新發(fā)展一批，重組整合一批，清理退出一批。推進(jìn)股權(quán)多元化改革，開(kāi)展落實(shí)企業(yè)董事會(huì)職權(quán)、市場(chǎng)化選聘經(jīng)營(yíng)者、職業(yè)經(jīng)理人制度、混合所有制、員工持股等試點(diǎn)。深化企業(yè)用人制度改革，探索建立與市場(chǎng)化選任方式相適應(yīng)的高層次人才和企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)管理者薪酬制度。加快改組組建國(guó)有資本投資、運(yùn)營(yíng)公司。以管資本為主推進(jìn)國(guó)有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)職能轉(zhuǎn)變，防止國(guó)有資產(chǎn)流失，實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)有資產(chǎn)保值增值。賦予地方更多國(guó)有企業(yè)改革自主權(quán)。加快剝離國(guó)有企業(yè)辦社會(huì)職能，解決歷史遺留問(wèn)題，讓國(guó)有企業(yè)瘦身健體，增強(qiáng)核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。
– We will push for progress in SOE reform.
This year and next, we will use reform to promote the development of SOEs and push hard to ensure success in upgrading them and improving their performance. We will prompt SOEs, especially those managed by the central government, to make structural adjustments so that some will be developed through innovation, others will be reorganized or merged, and still others will exit the market. We will carry out reforms to diversify their types of equity and introduce on a trial basis the assumption of powers and responsibilities by corporate boards of directors, competitive open selection and recruitment of executives, recruitment of professional managers, mixed ownership, and employee equity stakes. We will deepen the reform of the enterprise personnel management system and explore the possibility of establishing remuneration systems for senior ranking personnel and corporate executives that are compatible with competitive selection and recruitment. We will work faster to establish state capital investment and management companies through reorganization. To prevent the loss of state assets and ensure their value is maintained or increased, we will encourage state-owned asset supervisory and management authorities to shift their focus to the use of state capital. Local governments will be granted more power over SOE reform. We will move more quickly to relieve SOEs of their obligations to operate social programs and resolve their other longstanding issues, enabling them to become leaner and healthier and to increase their core competitiveness.
更好激發(fā)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)活力。大幅放寬電力、電信、交通、石油、天然氣、市政公用等領(lǐng)域市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，消除各種隱性壁壘，鼓勵(lì)民營(yíng)企業(yè)擴(kuò)大投資、參與國(guó)有企業(yè)改革。在項(xiàng)目核準(zhǔn)、融資服務(wù)、財(cái)稅政策、土地使用等方面一視同仁。依法平等保護(hù)各種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)權(quán)，嚴(yán)肅查處侵犯非公有制企業(yè)及非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)人士合法權(quán)益的行為，營(yíng)造公平、公正、透明、穩(wěn)定的法治環(huán)境，構(gòu)建新型政商關(guān)系，促進(jìn)各類企業(yè)各展其長(zhǎng)、共同發(fā)展。
– We will energize the non-public sector.
We will significantly relax restrictions on entry into markets such as electricity, telecommunications, transport, petroleum, natural gas, and municipal public utilities, remove hidden barriers, and encourage private companies to increase investment in these areas and participate in SOE reform. In these fields, private companies will enjoy the same treatment afforded to SOEs in terms of project verification and approval, financing, fiscal and tax policies, and land availability. We will, in accordance with the law, provide equal protection to the property rights of entities under all forms of ownership; and we will ensure that, without fail, infringements on the legitimate rights and interests of non-public sector enterprises and individuals are investigated and prosecuted. We will create a rule of law environment that is fair, just, transparent, and stable and establish new government-business relations to help all types of enterprises develop side by side based on their own respective strengths.
（三）深挖國(guó)內(nèi)需求潛力，開(kāi)拓發(fā)展更大空間。適度擴(kuò)大需求總量，積極調(diào)整改革需求結(jié)構(gòu)，促進(jìn)供給需求有效對(duì)接、投資消費(fèi)有機(jī)結(jié)合、城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，形成對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展穩(wěn)定而持久的內(nèi)需支撐。
3. Tap the potential of domestic demand to increase the space for development
We will work to achieve a moderate expansion of aggregate demand, adjust and reform the composition of demand, strive for better alignment between supply and demand and between investment and consumption, and work to achieve greater balance in the development of urban and rural areas and of different regions. This will create steady and long-term domestic demand to sustain economic development.
增強(qiáng)消費(fèi)拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的基礎(chǔ)作用。適應(yīng)消費(fèi)升級(jí)趨勢(shì)，破除政策障礙，優(yōu)化消費(fèi)環(huán)境，維護(hù)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益。支持發(fā)展養(yǎng)老、健康、家政、教育培訓(xùn)、文化體育等服務(wù)消費(fèi)。壯大網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息、智能家居、個(gè)性時(shí)尚等新興消費(fèi)。促進(jìn)線上線下協(xié)調(diào)互動(dòng)、平等競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，推動(dòng)實(shí)體商業(yè)創(chuàng)新轉(zhuǎn)型。完善物流配送網(wǎng)絡(luò)，促進(jìn)快遞業(yè)健康發(fā)展。活躍二手車(chē)市場(chǎng)，大力發(fā)展和推廣以電動(dòng)汽車(chē)為主的新能源汽車(chē)，加快建設(shè)城市停車(chē)場(chǎng)和充電設(shè)施。在全國(guó)開(kāi)展消費(fèi)金融公司試點(diǎn)，鼓勵(lì)金融機(jī)構(gòu)創(chuàng)新消費(fèi)信貸產(chǎn)品。降低部分消費(fèi)品進(jìn)口關(guān)稅，增設(shè)免稅店。落實(shí)帶薪休假制度，加強(qiáng)旅游交通、景區(qū)景點(diǎn)、自駕車(chē)營(yíng)地等設(shè)施建設(shè)，規(guī)范旅游市場(chǎng)秩序，迎接正在興起的大眾旅游時(shí)代。
– We will strengthen the foundational role of consumption in promoting economic growth.
To adapt to the trend toward high-end consumption, we will remove policy barriers, improve the consumer environment, and safeguard the rights and interests of consumers. We will support the growth of consumption in elderly care, health services, housekeeping services, educational and training services, and cultural and sports services. We will work to strengthen the growth of emerging areas of consumption such as information goods and services, smart homes, and personalized fashion. We will promote coordination, interaction, and fair competition between the online and the offline and encourage physical stores to transform themselves through innovation. We will help ensure the improvement of logistics networks and the healthy development of express delivery services. We will work to stimulate the second-hand car market, channel great effort into developing and promoting the use of new-energy vehicles, particularly electric vehicles, and move faster to build urban car parks and install charging facilities. We will carry out nationwide trials to set up consumer financing companies and encourage financial institutions to develop new consumer credit products. We will cut import tariffs on some consumer goods and increase the number of duty-free stores. We will ensure people are able to take their paid vacations, strengthen the development of tourist and transport facilities, scenic spots and tourist sites, and recreational vehicle parks, and see that the tourist market operates in line with regulations. With these efforts, we will usher in a new era of mass tourism.
發(fā)揮有效投資對(duì)穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)鍵作用。我國(guó)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和民生領(lǐng)域有許多短板，產(chǎn)業(yè)亟需改造升級(jí)，有效投資仍有很大空間。今年要啟動(dòng)一批“十三五”規(guī)劃重大項(xiàng)目。完成鐵路投資8000億元以上、公路投資1.65萬(wàn)億元，再開(kāi)工20項(xiàng)重大水利工程，建設(shè)水電核電、特高壓輸電、智能電網(wǎng)、油氣管網(wǎng)、城市軌道交通等重大項(xiàng)目。中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資安排5000億元。深化投融資體制改革，繼續(xù)以市場(chǎng)化方式籌集專項(xiàng)建設(shè)基金，推動(dòng)地方融資平臺(tái)轉(zhuǎn)型改制進(jìn)行市場(chǎng)化融資，探索基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等資產(chǎn)證券化，擴(kuò)大債券融資規(guī)模。完善政府和社會(huì)資本合作模式，用好1800億元引導(dǎo)基金，依法嚴(yán)格履行合同，充分激發(fā)社會(huì)資本參與熱情。
– We will see that effective investment plays a key role in maintaining stable growth and making structural adjustments.
The many weak areas in infrastructure and public services in China and the urgent need for industry upgrading leave vast scope for growth in effective investment. This year, we will launch a number of projects set forth in the 13th Five-Year Plan. More than 800 billion yuan will be invested in railway construction, and investment in road construction will reach 1.65 trillion yuan. A further 20 water conservancy projects will be carried out, and major projects will be launched to develop hydropower, nuclear power, ultra high-voltage power transmission, smart grids, pipelines for oil and gas transmission, and urban rail transit. Central government budgetary investment will be 500 billion yuan. We will deepen the reform of the investment and financing systems. Funds for specific projects will continue to be raised through market-based mechanisms. Local financing platforms will be required to transform themselves and shift toward market-based financing, the securitization of tangible assets such as infrastructure will be explored, and debt financing will be increased. We will improve the public-private partnership model, make good use of the 180 billion yuan in seed funds, and strictly honor contracts in accordance with the law, so as to bring the enthusiasm of private investors to the table.
深入推進(jìn)新型城鎮(zhèn)化。城鎮(zhèn)化是現(xiàn)代化的必由之路，是我國(guó)最大的內(nèi)需潛力和發(fā)展動(dòng)能所在。今年重點(diǎn)抓好三項(xiàng)工作。一是加快農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化。深化戶籍制度改革，放寬城鎮(zhèn)落戶條件，建立健全“人地錢(qián)”掛鉤政策。擴(kuò)大新型城鎮(zhèn)化綜合試點(diǎn)范圍。居住證具有很高的含金量，要加快覆蓋未落戶的城鎮(zhèn)常住人口，使他們依法享有居住地義務(wù)教育、就業(yè)、醫(yī)療等基本公共服務(wù)。發(fā)展中西部地區(qū)中小城市和小城鎮(zhèn)，容納更多的農(nóng)民工就近就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)，讓他們掙錢(qián)顧家兩不誤。二是推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)保障性安居工程建設(shè)和房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)健康發(fā)展。今年棚戶區(qū)住房改造600萬(wàn)套，提高棚改貨幣化安置比例。完善支持居民住房合理消費(fèi)的稅收、信貸政策，適應(yīng)住房剛性需求和改善性需求，因城施策化解房地產(chǎn)庫(kù)存，促進(jìn)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行。建立租購(gòu)并舉的住房制度，把符合條件的外來(lái)人口逐步納入公租房供應(yīng)范圍。三是加強(qiáng)城市規(guī)劃建設(shè)管理。增強(qiáng)城市規(guī)劃的科學(xué)性、前瞻性、權(quán)威性、公開(kāi)性，促進(jìn)“多規(guī)合一”。開(kāi)工建設(shè)城市地下綜合管廊2000公里以上。積極推廣綠色建筑和建材，大力發(fā)展鋼結(jié)構(gòu)和裝配式建筑，加快標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè)，提高建筑技術(shù)水平和工程質(zhì)量。推進(jìn)城市管理體制創(chuàng)新，打造智慧城市，完善公共交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)，治理交通擁堵等突出問(wèn)題，改善人居環(huán)境，使人民群眾生活得更安心、更省心、更舒心。
– We will advance new urbanization.
Urbanization is the path we need to take to develop a modern China. It is where we will find the greatest potential for domestic demand and the most powerful force for sustaining economic development. This year, we will take the following three major steps regarding urbanization.
First, we will move faster to see that urban residency is granted to more people with rural household registration living in urban areas.
We will deepen reform of the household registration system and relax restrictions on eligibility for urban residency. We will introduce policies for making both the transfer payments and the land designated for urban development granted to the government of a local jurisdiction conditional upon the number of people with rural household registration who are granted permanent urban residency in that jurisdiction. The full range of trials for developing new urbanization will be extended to more areas. Residence cards are important assets for their holders. We must move faster to ensure that permanent urban residents without urban residency are issued residence cards, thus enabling them to enjoy, as provided for by law, the right to access compulsory education, employment, medical care, and other basic public services. We will promote the development of small towns and small and medium-sized cities in the central and western regions to help more rural migrant workers find employment or start businesses in urban areas closer to home so that they do not have to choose between earning money and taking care of the families they leave behind.
Second, we will promote the construction of government-subsidized housing in urban areas and the healthy development of the real estate market.
This year, we will see to it that six million housing units are rebuilt in rundown urban areas and that more people displaced by the rebuilding of such areas receive monetary housing compensation rather than housing. Taking into consideration people’s demand for buying homes or improving their housing situation, we will improve the tax and credit policies to support justified personal housing consumption and adopt different policies in different cities as appropriate to their local conditions, in order to cut housing inventory and promote stability in the real estate market. We will put in place a housing system which encourages both renting and purchasing and, over time, enable eligible non-registered urban residents to apply for public rental housing.
Third, we will redouble our efforts to improve urban planning, development, and management.
We will make urban planning more sound, forward-looking, authoritative, and transparent and encourage local governments to integrate their various types of urban plans into a single master plan. Construction will begin on at least 2,000 kilometers of utility tunnels. We will actively promote environmentally friendly buildings and construction materials, make a big push to develop steel understructures and prefabricated modules, accelerate work to ensure adherence to construction standards, and see that the level of technique in building and the quality of construction projects are improved. We will encourage institutional innovation in urban management, work hard to create smart cities, improve public transport networks, address traffic congestion and other prominent problems, and improve living environments so that people can enjoy a more secure, relaxing, and satisfying city life.
優(yōu)化區(qū)域發(fā)展格局。深入推進(jìn)“一帶一路”建設(shè)，落實(shí)京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要，加快長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展。制定實(shí)施西部大開(kāi)發(fā)“十三五”規(guī)劃，實(shí)施新一輪?wèn)|北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地振興戰(zhàn)略，出臺(tái)促進(jìn)中部地區(qū)崛起新十年規(guī)劃，支持東部地區(qū)在體制創(chuàng)新、陸海統(tǒng)籌等方面率先突破。促進(jìn)資源型地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)。支持革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)、貧困地區(qū)發(fā)展。制定和實(shí)施國(guó)家海洋戰(zhàn)略，維護(hù)國(guó)家海洋權(quán)益，保護(hù)海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境，拓展藍(lán)色經(jīng)濟(jì)空間，建設(shè)海洋強(qiáng)國(guó)。
– We will work to improve the layout of development across regions.
We will push ahead with the Belt and Road Initiative, carry out the development plan for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration initiative, and speed up the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt. We will draw up and implement the 13th Five-Year Plan for the large-scale development of the western region, implement a new round of strategies for revitalizing the old industrial bases in the Northeast and other parts of the country, adopt the new ten-year plan for fuelling the rise of the central region, and support the eastern region as it leads the country in making breakthroughs in institutional innovation and coordinated land and maritime development. We will promote the economic transformation and upgrading of resource-dependent regions. We will support the development of old revolutionary base areas, areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities, border areas, and poor areas. We will work out and implement a national maritime strategy, safeguard national maritime rights and interests, protect marine ecosystems and habitats, and open up more space for the blue economy so as to strengthen China’s maritime development.
（四）加快發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)，促進(jìn)農(nóng)民持續(xù)增收。繼續(xù)毫不放松抓好“三農(nóng)”工作，完善強(qiáng)農(nóng)惠農(nóng)富農(nóng)政策，深化農(nóng)村改革，拓展農(nóng)民就業(yè)增收渠道，著力提高農(nóng)業(yè)質(zhì)量、效益和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。
4. Speed up efforts to develop modern agriculture and ensure sustained increases in rural incomes
We will, with as much care and attention as ever, continue focusing on our work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. We will strengthen policy support for these areas, deepen rural reform, expand the channels through which farmers can find employment and increase their income, and work to ensure that the quality, performance, and competitiveness of agriculture improve.
加快農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。糧食連續(xù)增產(chǎn)，為穩(wěn)定物價(jià)、改善民生提供了有力保障，但也面臨庫(kù)存大幅增加、市場(chǎng)價(jià)格下跌等問(wèn)題。要完善農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格形成機(jī)制，引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)需求調(diào)整種養(yǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)，適當(dāng)調(diào)減玉米種植面積。按照“市場(chǎng)定價(jià)、價(jià)補(bǔ)分離”原則，積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)玉米收儲(chǔ)制度改革，保障農(nóng)民合理收益。要多措并舉消化糧食庫(kù)存，大力支持農(nóng)產(chǎn)品精深加工，發(fā)展畜牧業(yè)，延伸農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條；制定新一輪退耕還林還草方案，今年退耕還林還草1500萬(wàn)畝以上，這件事一舉多得，務(wù)必抓好。積極發(fā)展多種形式農(nóng)業(yè)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)，完善對(duì)家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)、專業(yè)大戶、農(nóng)民合作社等新型經(jīng)營(yíng)主體的扶持政策，培養(yǎng)新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民，鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)戶依法自愿有償流轉(zhuǎn)承包地，開(kāi)展土地股份合作、聯(lián)合或土地托管。深化農(nóng)村集體產(chǎn)權(quán)、農(nóng)墾、集體林權(quán)、國(guó)有林場(chǎng)、農(nóng)田水利、供銷社等改革。
– We will speed up structural adjustment in agriculture.
The output of food crops has continued to rise in recent years. This has helped to keep prices stable and ensure people’s wellbeing, but it has also resulted in a buildup of excess stockpiles and falling market prices. To resolve this problem, we will improve the pricing mechanisms for agricultural products, while guiding farmers in adjusting what and how much they grow and breed in response to market demand and in making appropriate reductions to the amount of cultivated land devoted to growing corn. Following the principle of letting the market determine prices and delinking subsidies from prices, we will reform in an active yet prudent way the system of corn purchase and storage to ensure reasonable returns for corn-growing farmers. We will adopt a full range of measures to reduce excess stockpiles of food, provide strong support for the processing of agricultural products to increase their value, develop the livestock industry, and extend the agricultural production chain. We will formulate a plan for a new round of initiatives to turn marginal farmland into forest or grassland, with the target for this year being more than one million hectares. There is much to be gained in this, and it must be carried out to full effect.
We will promote the development of suitably scaled-up agricultural operations in diversified forms; improve policy support for family farms, large and specialized agricultural family operations, farming cooperatives, and other emerging forms of agribusiness; and cultivate a new type of skilled farmer. We will encourage farmers, on a voluntary basis and in accordance with relevant laws, to transfer the land they contract to work on in return for compensation, enter into cooperation or association based on land as shares, or place their land under trusteeship. We will deepen the reform of the rural collective property rights system, state farms on reclaimed land, collective forest tenure, state forestry farms, farmland irrigation and water conservancy, and rural supply and marketing cooperatives.
強(qiáng)化農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)支撐。全面完成永久基本農(nóng)田劃定并實(shí)行特殊保護(hù)，加強(qiáng)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè)，增加深松土地1.5億畝，新增高效節(jié)水灌溉面積2000萬(wàn)畝。探索耕地輪作休耕制度試點(diǎn)。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新與推廣，深入開(kāi)展糧食綠色高產(chǎn)高效創(chuàng)建，實(shí)施化肥農(nóng)藥零增長(zhǎng)行動(dòng)。保障財(cái)政對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)投入，建立全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)信貸擔(dān)保體系，完善農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度和農(nóng)村金融服務(wù)，引導(dǎo)帶動(dòng)更多資金投向現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)。
– The foundation of agriculture will be strengthened.
We will complete our work nationwide on designating permanent basic cropland and provide special protection for such cropland, promote the development of high-standard cropland, improve the subsoil of an additional ten million hectares of cropland, and increase the area of cropland covered by efficient water-saving irrigation by 1.33 million hectares. We will explore trials of crop rotation and fallow land. We will promote the innovation and application of agricultural science and technology. We will promote green, high-yield, and cost efficient food crop production and achieve zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers and insecticides. In fiscal allocations, investment in agriculture will be ensured, a national agricultural credit guaranty system will be established, the agricultural insurance system and rural financial services will be improved, and more investment in agricultural modernization will be encouraged.
改善農(nóng)村公共設(shè)施和服務(wù)。加大農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)力度，新建改建農(nóng)村公路20萬(wàn)公里，具備條件的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)和建制村要加快通硬化路、通客車(chē)。抓緊新一輪農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)改造升級(jí)，兩年內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村穩(wěn)定可靠供電服務(wù)和平原地區(qū)機(jī)井通電全覆蓋。實(shí)施飲水安全鞏固提升工程。推動(dòng)電子商務(wù)進(jìn)農(nóng)村。開(kāi)展農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境整治，建設(shè)美麗宜居鄉(xiāng)村。
– We will improve public services and facilities in rural areas.
We will step up the development of rural infrastructure. An additional 200,000 kilometers of rural roads will be built or upgraded. In towns, townships, and incorporated villages, where conditions allow, efforts should be stepped up to build paved roads and provide access to bus services. We will act promptly to launch a new round of efforts to upgrade rural power grids, and our goal is to ensure a stable and reliable supply of power to all rural areas and all electric pump sets on rural flatlands within the next two years. We will build on past progress to make further advances in providing access to safe drinking water. We will encourage the introduction of e-commerce into rural areas. We will work hard to improve rural living environments, building an even more livable and beautiful countryside.
實(shí)施脫貧攻堅(jiān)工程。今年要完成1000萬(wàn)以上農(nóng)村貧困人口脫貧任務(wù)，其中易地搬遷脫貧200萬(wàn)人以上，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)貧困農(nóng)戶危房改造。中央財(cái)政扶貧資金增長(zhǎng)43.4%。在貧困縣推進(jìn)涉農(nóng)資金整合。堅(jiān)持精準(zhǔn)扶貧脫貧，因人因地施策。大力培育特色產(chǎn)業(yè)，支持就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)。解決好通路、通水、通電、通網(wǎng)絡(luò)等問(wèn)題，增強(qiáng)集中連片特困地區(qū)和貧困人口發(fā)展能力。國(guó)家各項(xiàng)惠民政策和民生項(xiàng)目，要向貧困地區(qū)傾斜。深入開(kāi)展定點(diǎn)扶貧、東西協(xié)作扶貧，支持社會(huì)力量參與脫貧攻堅(jiān)。扶貧脫貧是硬任務(wù)，各級(jí)政府已經(jīng)立下軍令狀，必須按時(shí)保質(zhì)保量完成。
– We will combat poverty.
This year, we will help more than ten million rural residents lift themselves out of poverty, including over two million poor residents who are to be relocated from inhospitable areas, and continue to rebuild the dilapidated housing of poor rural households. Central government funds for poverty alleviation efforts will be increased by 43.4%. In poor counties, various funds for rural development will be integrated. We will take targeted measures to alleviate and eliminate poverty in light of local conditions. We will channel significant energy into cultivating business operations with distinctive local features in support of employment and business development. We will construct infrastructure such as roads, water and power supply, and Internet access, and work to strengthen the ability of contiguous poor areas and persons in need to achieve development. National programs aimed at providing people with policy support and promoting people’s wellbeing will be weighted toward poor areas. We will give stronger support to targeted poor areas, encourage the eastern region to help in the alleviation of poverty in the western region, and support nongovernmental participation in combating poverty. Poverty reduction is a must, governments at all levels have made the pledge, and it must be accomplished both qualitatively and quantitatively within the timeframe set.
（五）推進(jìn)新一輪高水平對(duì)外開(kāi)放，著力實(shí)現(xiàn)合作共贏。面對(duì)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)格局的深刻變化，順應(yīng)國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)提質(zhì)增效升級(jí)的迫切需要，要堅(jiān)定不移擴(kuò)大對(duì)外開(kāi)放，在開(kāi)放中增強(qiáng)發(fā)展新動(dòng)能、增添改革新動(dòng)力、增創(chuàng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)新優(yōu)勢(shì)。
5. Carry out a new round of high-quality opening up and work to achieve mutually beneficial cooperation
In the face of profound changes in international economic cooperation and competition, and in response to the urgent need to improve the performance of and upgrade China’s economy, we must open wider to the outside world with unwavering resolve. By doing so, we can strengthen new drivers of development, add new forces to propel reform forward, and create new competitive strengths for China.
